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A Review Essay: Reinventing liberalism, by Ola Innset, Springer, Cham, 2020, 196 pp., £60 (softcover), ISBN 9783030388874 "Mont Pelèrin 1947", by Bruce Caldwell, paper presented at a Mont Pelèrin meeting on 16 January 2020, CHOPE Working Paper No. 2020-02, 53 pp. https://hope.econ.duke.edu/sites/hope.econ.duke.edu/files/Caldwell%20Chapter%201%20Mont%20Pelerin.pdf Bruce Caldwell, by contrast, needs no introduction as the premier biographer of Friedrich Hayek; he is also a contemporary member of MPS, to whom he delivered this paper in January 2020. Innset challenges a number of Caldwell's prior statements concerning Hayek, while Caldwell is uncharacteristically dismissive of Innset's book.[1] The contrast is useful, I suggest, to illustrate the I Rashomon i character of the problems of writing a history of Neoliberalism. (cited in Innset, 170) The reason this is significant is that the MPS subsequently had to work out the consequences of this fundamental contradiction at the heart of their program; and they did (although this is not comprehensively covered by either Innset or Caldwell). [Extracted from the article]

School Leadership and Educational Change in Singapore: edited by B. Wong, S. Hairon, and P. T. Ng, Springer, Cham, Switzerland, 2019, p. 220, € 50.28 (e-Book), € 59.99 (paper back), ISBN 978-3-319-74744-6 Chua and Chai conclude that successful ICT integration in schools depends largely on school leadership, which plays a critical role in understanding and interpreting the intentions of the Ministry's ICT policies. In the chapter findings, Ng elaborates on how the primary school principal applies various dimensions of instructional leadership in her interactions and meetings with school staff, pupils, and parents. [Extracted from the article]

It is through the globalised phenomenon of the military campaign that Hutchinson locates the ways in which imperialism fermented local settler colonial identity. Settlers, War and Empire in the Press: Unsettling News in Australia and Britain, 1869-1902: By Sam Hutchinson. Citing over eighty newspapers and magazines across Australia, New Zealand and Britain, Hutchinson has drawn together a deeply researched and broadly sourced study of the settler colonial and metropolitan press. [Extracted from the article]

The continuing experiments with light elements bombarded by energetic alpha-particles were fulfilled by German physicists W. Bothe and H. Becker, French researchers Marie and Frederic Joliot-Curie, and English physicist J. Chadwick who realized that the energy emitted in those reactions was taken not by gamma-quants but by neutral particles with mass close to protons - in 1935 he was awarded with the Nobel Prize for discovery of neutrons. This was because Heisenberg had become convinced that as the temperature of a pile began to increase, the fission cross-section would decrease, with the result that the process would be self-regulating and stabilize at a temperature he estimated about 800 C. The flaw in his reasoning was that the rate of fissions is proportional to the product of the neutron speed, increasing with temperature, and the fission cross-section, which is inversely proportional to the speed, so the two effects largely cancel each other, leaving the rate of fissions unchanged. Bohr worked on the liquid-droplet model of nuclei and published a paper describing the uranium and thorium fission behavior under bombardment by fast and slow neutrons, showing that the rare isotope U-235 must be responsible for the slow-neutron fission in uranium samples with abundance of stable U-238. A Danish physicist Møller told Frisch that the fission fragments with enough energy can eject a neutron or two, which might go on to induct more fissions and lead to a chain-reaction. [Extracted from the article]

Unlike Wajda's, however, Gustafsson's preferred landscape is (almost) unpopulated, silent, deformed ("stained, striated, bruised or rubbed", p. 255), enigmatic and challenging to read, as it often presents an "inscrutable evidence of an unfathomable crime" (p. 4). Those who expect this book, on the strength of its title, to engage with film thrillers and police photography, will be in for a disappointment. For Gustafsson, the two parts of Mitchell's assertion seem to be a non-sequitur, as (Gustafsson counterclaims) landscape 'has assumed a new critical role precisely because its time has passed' (p. 20). [Extracted from the article]