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The article explores the concept of a "warming hole" in the North Atlantic, where temperatures have not risen as much as in other regions due to a weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). This current system, which transports warm water from the tropics to northern Europe, is crucial for global climate systems. Scientists are studying ice cores from Greenland to gain insights into past climate changes and predict future tipping points. The article emphasizes the importance of addressing the potential consequences of a weakened AMOC. It also discusses a scientific paper that predicts the collapse of the AMOC, causing disruptions to global climate patterns and food systems. However, the paper has faced criticism from other scientists who question the data and assumptions used in the study. Further research and action are needed to understand and mitigate the risks associated with the potential collapse of the AMOC. [Extracted from the article]

Two recent studies suggest that the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), an ocean current system that transports warm water and nutrients around the Atlantic Ocean, could collapse by the middle of the century. This collapse could lead to severe consequences such as a drop in temperatures across northern Europe, rapid sea level rise in North America, and disruption to monsoons in Asia. However, these predictions are controversial, and there are still significant uncertainties and limitations in using early warning signals (EWS) to predict the behavior of the AMOC. Some experts argue that climate models and historical data are not yet accurate enough to confidently make such predictions. [Extracted from the article]

Photojournalists are capturing the impacts of climate change around the world, from wildfires in Canada and Australia to floods in Bangladesh. The images reveal the consequences of global warming on every continent and provide a tangible understanding of the climate crisis. The photographers document the changes that scientists have recorded in research papers and studies, highlighting the urgency of the issue. The World Press Photo contest showcases these powerful images, emphasizing the essential work that documentary photographers and photojournalists do. [Extracted from the article]

Phytoplankton bloom received considerable attention for many decades. Different approaches have been used to explain the bloom phenomena. In this paper, we study a Nutrient–Phytoplankton–Zooplankton (NPZ) model consisting of a periodic driving force in the growth rate of phytoplankton due to solar radiation and analyse the dynamics of the corresponding autonomous and non-autonomous systems in different parametric regions. Then we introduce a novel aspect to extend the model by incorporating another periodic driving force into the growth term of the phytoplankton due to sea surface temperature (SST), a key point of innovation. Temperature dependency of the maximum growth rate (μ m a x) of the phytoplankton is modelled by the well-known Q 10 formulation: μ m a x = μ 0 ∗ (Q 10) T / 10 , where μ 0 is maximum growth at 0 o C. Stability conditions for all three equilibrium points are expressed in terms of the new parameter ρ 2 , which appears due to the incorporation of periodic driving forces. System dynamics is explored through a detailed bifurcation analysis, both mathematically and numerically, with respect to the light and temperature dependent phytoplankton growth response. Bloom phenomenon is explained by the saddle point bloom mechanism even when the co-existing equilibrium point does not exist for some values of ρ 2. Solar radiation and SST are modelled using sinusoidal functions constructed from satellite data. Our results of the proposed model describe the initiation of the phytoplankton bloom better than an existing model for the region 25–35° W, 40–45° N of the North Atlantic Ocean. An improvement of 14 days (approximately) is observed in the bloom initiation time. The rate of change method (ROC) is applied to predict the bloom initiation. • We study the bloom dynamics under the effects of periodic driving forces. • Proposed an Nutrient–Phytoplankton–Zooplankton model with periodic driving forces. • Provided better predictions about the initiation of the phytoplankton bloom. • An improvement of 14 days (approximately) is observed in the bloom initiation time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sargassum - a smelly seaweed that's been traversing the Atlantic Ocean in massive clumps over the last few years. The great Atlantic Sargassum belt, as scientists have dubbed it, was identified in a paper published in July in the journal Science. The stinky seaweed Sargassum has been forming a massive mat across the Atlantic - and washing up on shores (top) - each summer since at least 2011. [Extracted from the article]

The article shares insight on climate change and maritime piracy. It recognizes piracy as a threat to maritime shipping. Among the most active areas globally for maritime piracy are Northwest Africa, Red Sea, Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. An overview of a paper linking higher ocean temperatures to an increase in the incidence of maritime piracy, published in the issue of the journal "Weather, Climate and Society," is provided.

The study addresses the question, if observed changes in terms of Arctic-midlatitude linkages during winter are driven by Arctic Sea ice decline alone or if the increase of global sea surface temperatures plays an additional role. We compare atmosphere-only model experiments with ECHAM6 to ERA-Interim Reanalysis data. The model sensitivity experiment is implemented as a set of four combinations of sea ice and sea surface temperature boundary conditions. Atmospheric circulation regimes are determined and evaluated in terms of their cyclone and blocking characteristics and changes in frequency during winter. As a prerequisite, ECHAM6 reproduces general features of circulation regimes very well. Tropospheric changes induced by the change of boundary conditions are revealed and further impacts on the large-scale circulation up into the stratosphere are investigated. In early winter, the observed increase of atmospheric blocking in the region between Scandinavia and the Urals are primarily related to the changes in sea surface temperatures. During late winter, we find a weakened polar stratospheric vortex in the reanalysis that further impacts the troposphere. In the model sensitivity study a climatologically weakened polar vortex occurs only if sea ice is reduced and sea surface temperatures are increased together. This response is delayed compared to the reanalysis. The tropospheric response during late winter is inconclusive in the model, which is potentially related to the weak and delayed response in the stratosphere. The model experiments do not reproduce the connection between early and late winter as interpreted from the reanalysis. Potentially explaining this mismatch, we identify a discrepancy of ECHAM6 to reproduce the weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex through blocking induced upward propagation of planetary waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents readers' feedback to scientific research published in the magazine. Topics of the research discussed are algae that provide nutrients to corals which turned toxic and lead the corals to bleach or sometimes die when ocean temperatures rise, and the book "Grolier Codex" which is believed to be the oldest known manuscript of ancient America.

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Bremen in Germany explores the changing effects of external forcing on Atlantic-Pacific interactions in Earth systems dynamics. The study examines the mechanisms driving interactions between modes of variability in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The researchers utilize various data sources, including reanalysis data, pacemaker simulations, and historical simulations, to analyze the impact of external forcing on climate variability. The study finds that the interactions between the two basins are influenced by the temperature anomalies of both regions and that causal discovery can provide valuable insights into these mechanisms. [Extracted from the article]

The article looks at coral reefs, focusing on their potential adaptation and resiliency to the impact of climate change on their habitats. It discusses how both the higher ocean temperatures and acidification of ocean water associated with climate change can harm corals, and notes research suggesting they may be more resilient than previously thought. Topics include the recovery of coral reefs harmed by the 1998 mass bleaching caused by a strong El Niño ocean current.

Experts are predicting that 2024 may surpass 2023 as the hottest year on record due to climate change and the El Niño climate cycle. El Niño is characterized by warmer waters in the tropical Pacific, which leads to increased air temperatures. The combination of climate change and El Niño has resulted in a string of record hot years, with the second year of an El Niño often being warmer than the first. The impacts of this heat include droughts, flooding, wildfires, stronger storms, and coral reef bleaching. However, there is still uncertainty about the future climate system and whether tipping points have been reached. [Extracted from the article]

A review of the paper "Ocean Surface Temperature Variability: Large Model-Data Differences at Decadal and Longer Periods" by T. Laepple and P. Huybers, published in the 2014 issue of "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" is presented. Topics discussed in the paper include the implications of sea surface temperature (SST) variations for the society and the agreement between observational and General Circulation Model (GCM) estimates of SST variability.

The article focuses on the effect of increasing sea-surface temperatures on the partnership between black-browed albatross based on a study conducted by University of Lisbon biologist Francesco Ventura of Portugal and his team published in the periodical "Proceedings of the Royal Society B." The seabird is known as one of the monogamous animals. Results of the study show that the stress levels from finding enough food due to high temperatures affect their breeding schedules and partnership.

New data suggest that the twisters don't form from the top down. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The North Atlantic is a crucial region for the prediction of weather and climate of North America and Europe and is the focus of this analysis. A skillful decadal prediction of the surface temperature was shown for several Earth system models, with the North Atlantic standing out as one region with higher predictive skill. This skill assessment concentrates on the rapid increase of the annual mean sea surface temperature of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre by about 1K in the mid-1990s and the adjacent years. This event-oriented analysis adds creditability to the decadal predictions and reveals the potential for improvements. The ability to simulate the observed sea surface temperature in the North Atlantic is quantified by using four versions of decadal predictions, which differ in model resolution, initialization technique, and the reanalysis data used in the assimilation run. While all four versions can reproduce the mid-1990s warming of the subpolar North Atlantic, the characteristics differ with lead time and version. The higher vertical resolution in the atmosphere and the higher horizontal resolution in the ocean improve the decadal prediction for longer lead times, and the anomaly initialization outperforms the full-field initialization for short lead times. The effect from the two different ocean reanalysis products on the predictive skill is strongest in the first two prediction years; a substantial cooling instead of the warming in the central North Atlantic reduces the skill score for the North Atlantic sea surface temperature in one version, whereas a too large interannual variability, compared with observations, lowers the skill score in the other version. The cooling patches are critical since the resulting gradients in sea surface temperature and their effect on atmospheric dynamics deviate from observations, and, moreover, hinder the skillful prediction of atmospheric variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores how geo-engineering might be used to slow the warming of oceans. Particular focus is given to how this is a consequence of climate change, as is sea level rise. Topics discussed include the bleaching of Australia's Great Barrier Reefs, which are very temperature-sensitive, marine cloud brightening—a form of solar geoengineering, and the work of Daniel Harrison, an Australian oceanographer.

(Bloomberg) -- As red-hot oceans amplify deadly heat waves, storms and floods on land, exactly what's going on beneath the waves remains a big unknown. "Everything on the deep ocean is more dramatic", said Zilberman, who was among the scientists to sail 300 miles off the coast of New Zealand into the Pacific Ocean to launch the first two Deep Argo floats in 2015. [Extracted from the article]

In this study, hindcast skill for near-surface air temperature (TAS), sea surface temperature (SST), sea ice concentration, and sea ice area is assessed for the Arctic region using decadal simulations with the MiKlip decadal prototype prediction system. The prototype MiKlip system is based on the low-resolution version of the MPI-ESM model. In the simulations, a full field initialization of atmospheric and oceanic variables was used, but sea ice was not initialized. The hypothesis is that the increase in hindcast skill due to initialization found for TAS and SST in the North Atlantic in the prototype system compared to the historical simulations leads to enhanced skill also in the Arctic. However, the skill enhancement compared to the uninitialized experiments in the Arctic is generally weak. The hindcast skill only increases for SST and sea ice concentration along the east coast of Greenland and in the Fram Strait in lead years 2-5. Initialization additionally improves the skill in regionally integrated sea ice area (detrended) in the Greenland Sea, but only in lead year 1 and only in winter, and not in other Arctic regions. In order to assess whether additional initialization of sea ice concentration improves skill, we also analyse hindcasts and historical simulations performed with the MiKlip preoperational system that is based on the high-resolution version of the MPI-ESM. These simulations have nonetheless a negative bias in sea ice area in late summer of 1 to 3 million km2 . Noting that this is a much smaller ensemble than for the prototype system, the hindcast skill in North Atlantic TAS and SSTs is significantly reduced and not present when evaluated against ERA-Interim instead of HadCRUT4 data. Accordingly, in the Arctic, no additional skill compared to the prototype hindcasts is found. Our results underline the importance to assess the robustness of skill with different observational datasets and metrics. For future MiKlip simulations, we recommend to additionally initialize sea ice thickness or age, and to initialize the simulations in a different month to potentially enhance sea ice skill in the Arctic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical multi-year records of different length available from two Namibian rainfall stations and shorter series for ten rainy seasons of Gellert (1955) are reanalysed in context with updated monthly series of the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA). The latter describe changes in thermal conditions at the surface of the eastern South Atlantic (2.5°-37.5° S, 17.5° W-17.5° E) on the base of gridded 5°×5°-fields compiled by Kaplan et al. (1998). It is shown that the extreme Benguela Niño 1933/34, which was reported manifold in the literature, coincides with enhanced precipitation in the Namibian hinterland and that strong thermal contrasts between exceptional warm coastal waters (2.5°- 27.5° S, 12.5° E) and colder offshore waters around 27.5° S, 7.5°W accompanied this phenomenon. This SSTA dipole is regionally fixed and positive peaks, which exceed the value of 0.5 °C, exhibit a quasi-cycle of about 14 years coinciding with that of 'wet years' detected over the St. Helena Island as well as over the Namibian hinterland. The relationship between this thermal dipole and extreme Namibian rainfall probably results from (i) the south-westward displacement of the climatic position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), the belt of the south-east trade wind, and the core of the cold Benguela Current (BC), and (ii) enhanced evaporation over the Gulf of Guinea and the belt of warm coastal waters reaching the latitude of about 26° S. Based on presented findings, this hypothesis will be subject of a planned study to elucidate that so-called Namibian 'wet years' coincide with an enhanced south and/or south-westward advection of humid equatorial air masses towards the Namibian hinterland to reach comparable importance as those originating from the West Indian Ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cover story is provided which discusses the relationship between contemporary global warming and the warming of Pliocene epoch's climate, including in regard to ocean temperatures, wildfires in Arctic regions and the melting of ice sheets from warming temperatures. An overview of the comparative levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in planet Earth's atmosphere in present times and during the Pliocene is provided.

The article the article discusses climate change, its impact on ocean temperatures, and ocean acidification. Topics include the paper "Temperature Affects the Early Life History Stages of Corals More Than Near Future Ocean Acidification," by C. M. Chua, W. Leggat, A. Moya, and A. H. Baird published in Marine Ecology Progress Series 475: 85-92 and the effect of ocean acidification (OA) and temperature on the spawning species of coral Acropora millepora and A. tenuis from the Great Barrier Reef.

(Bloomberg) -- U.S. forecasters see very little chance the hyperactive Atlantic hurricane season they're expecting will be blunted by the Pacific's power to roil world weather systems. The odds are 46% for a La Nina occurring, the result of cooler water which affects other global weather systems but won't curb development of Atlantic hurricanes. "We tend to tilt toward the possibility of La Nina, but we're still not confident enough to issue a watch."A La Nina happens when the equatorial Pacific cools, touching off changes in the atmosphere that can alter weather patterns worldwide including the Atlantic. [Extracted from the article]

(Bloomberg) -- Helping the canned tuna industry cope with climate change tops an already lengthy to-do list for Darian McBain, chief sustainability officer at the Thailand company that owns the Chicken of the Sea and John West brands. Thai Union has 10 partnerships called Fishery Improvement Projects (FIPs), in which the company works with suppliers and non-profit groups to manage fisheries and move toward receiving third-party sustainability certification. [Extracted from the article]

The ocean is rising all over the world. The rise seems speedier in some places. What gives? Many factors, it turns out, affect where — and why — the tide gets high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the efforts of geoscientists to study the effect of sea bed fluids emerging on the octopuses which are found off the coast of the Costa Rica. Topics discussed include studies done on muusoctopus through deep sea missions, negative impact of temperature and oxygen in the sea bed on the octopuses, and comment from microbiologist Anne Hartwell.

The article discusses the impact that anthropogenic climate change had on extreme weather events in 2016, referencing studies published in the December 13, 2017 issue of the journal "Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society." Topics, including a heat wave in Asia, warm surface temperatures in the Coral Sea and 2017 Hurricane Harvey, are discussed.

The article reports on the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Synthesis Report on November 2, 2014. Some of the findings include changes in atmospheric and ocean temperature, the decline of snow and ice, and the rise of sea level. The contribution of greenhouse gas emissions to the global warming is also noted.

Byline: Staff Writers London, UK (SPX) Aug 16, 2018, 2018 Melting of ice shelves in West Antarctica speeds up and slows down in response to changes in deep ocean temperature, [...]

Byline: Staff Writers Cambridge, UK (SPX) Jan 05, 2016, 2016 A new study reconstructing conditions at the end of the last ice age suggests that as the Antarctic sea ice [...]