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Immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses the body's immune system to fight cancer cells. However, some patients with certain types of tumors do not respond well to immunotherapy, and researchers believe that tumor-associated fibrosis may be a contributing factor. Tumor-associated fibrosis is the formation of a thick layer of fibrous collagen around the tumor, which acts as a barrier to immune cells that can attack the tumor. In a recent study focused on breast cancer, researchers found that immune cells called tumor-associated macrophages respond to the physical properties of fibrosis by producing substances that suppress the anti-tumor function of other immune cells. These findings highlight the importance of environmental factors, such as tissue stiffness and metabolic challenges, in regulating immune responses in cancer and may help in the development of new strategies to improve immunotherapy for cancer patients. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Biology; Life Sciences; Networks; Neural Networks EN Biology Life Sciences Networks Neural Networks 1300 1300 1 05/22/23 20230526 NES 230526 2023 MAY 26 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Vaccine Weekly -- Researchers detail new data in biology. This paper develops a capsule neural network-based method to efficiently capture the peptide-MHC complex features to predict the peptide-MHC class I binding. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Influenza; Pediatrics; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity EN Influenza Pediatrics The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity 7400 7400 1 10/09/23 20231013 NES 231013 2023 OCT 13 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Vaccine Weekly -- Killer T cells (also known as CD8+ T cells) play a critical role in the immune system by eliminating virus-infected cells. As individuals grow, killer T cells get stronger and more effective at eliminating infected cells, but they disappear in older adults, where they are taken over by cells with a lower killing capacity", he said. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Biological Products; Cancer; Cancer Vaccines; Coronavirus; Dentistry; Drugs and Therapies; Emerging Technologies; Engineering; Genetics; Health and Medicine; Immunization; Innovation Center of NanoMedicine; Lymphoma; Nanomedicine; Nanomedicines; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Oncology; RNA Viruses; Risk and Prevention; Vaccination; Vaccine Efficacy; Vaccines; Viral; Virology EN Biological Products Cancer Cancer Vaccines Coronavirus Dentistry Drugs and Therapies Emerging Technologies Engineering Genetics Health and Medicine Immunization Innovation Center of NanoMedicine Lymphoma Nanomedicine Nanomedicines Nanoparticles Nanotechnology Oncology RNA Viruses Risk and Prevention Vaccination Vaccine Efficacy Vaccines Viral Virology 10 10 1 07/24/23 20230724 NES 230724 2023 JUL 24 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Cancer Vaccine Week -- The Kawasaki Innovation Center for NanoMedicine (iCONM; Director: Kazunori Kataoka; Location: Kawasaki, Japan) have announced with Tokyo Medical and Dental University, and Kyorin University that a group led by Prof. Satoshi Uchida, Principal Research Scientist of iCONM (Professor, Department of Advanced Nanomedical Engineering, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University), has developed a novel mRNA derivative and demonstrated its high cellular immunity inducing anti-cancer activities in mice model. The future of this study In this study, the utility of comb mRNA was demonstrated in various mRNA vaccine delivery systems, including lipid nanoparticles, such as those used in cancer vaccine trials and in the novel coronavirus vaccine that is now in practical use. This cancer mRNA vaccine provides cellular immunity (Note 2) to attack cancer cells by administering mRNA that produces a protein specifically expressed in cancer cells (cancer antigen). [Extracted from the article]

The researchers found that T cells in lymph nodes that drain from the lung tumors did encounter dendritic cells and recognize the tumor antigens displayed by those cells. The lymph nodes are where "killer T cells" encounter dendritic cells, which present antigens (tumor proteins) and help to activate the T cells. Keywords: Antigen-Presenting Cells; Biological Factors; Cancer; Cytokines; Dendritic Cells; Drugs and Therapies; Genetics; Health and Medicine; Hemic and Immune Systems; Immunology; Immunotherapy; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Interferon-gamma; Interferons; Lung Cancer; Lung Diseases and Conditions; Lung Neoplasms; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoid Tissue; Lymphokines; Macrophage-Activating Factors; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Oncology; Peptides; Proteins; Technology EN Antigen-Presenting Cells Biological Factors Cancer Cytokines Dendritic Cells Drugs and Therapies Genetics Health and Medicine Hemic and Immune Systems Immunology Immunotherapy Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins Interferon-gamma Interferons Lung Cancer Lung Diseases and Conditions Lung Neoplasms Lymph Nodes Lymphoid Tissue Lymphokines Macrophage-Activating Factors Massachusetts Institute of Technology Mononuclear Phagocyte System Oncology Peptides Proteins Technology 2023 FEB 21 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Immunotherapy Weekly -- CAMBRIDGE, MA -- Immunotherapy - drug treatment that stimulates the immune system to attack tumors - works well against some types of cancer, but it has shown mixed success against lung cancer. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application has been filed for a diagnostic method that can determine the likelihood of non-HLA antibody-mediated rejection in kidney transplant recipients. The method involves using engineered human glomerular endothelial cells to incubate a blood sample from the individual and measure the antibodies bound to the cells. If the measurement exceeds a certain value, it indicates a risk of rejection. The invention also includes genetically engineered glomerular endothelial cells that can be used as a biomarker in the diagnostic method. This method may be useful in identifying individuals at risk of rejection and guiding treatment decisions. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Baylor College of Medicine has found that the spatial arrangement of three specific immune cells is crucial for effectively attacking tumors. The study discovered that a triad of immune cells, including one dendritic cell, one cytotoxic T cell, and one helper T cell, must be physically present together in tumors in order to generate an effective immune response against cancer cells. This finding has important implications for the development of immunotherapies and cancer vaccines, as well as the identification of biomarkers for predicting individual responses to treatment. Further research is being conducted to explore these implications and advance the field of cancer immunotherapy. [Extracted from the article]

• A reaction-diffusion fractional-order model for M1 oncolytic virotherapy with CTL immune response is presented. • Threshold parameters and equilibria are determined. • Stability analysis are rigorously established. • Numerical simulations are given to illustrate the analytical results. Despite many years of research, cancer continues to be a major worldwide concern. Several researchers proposed their mathematical models to understand and describe the dynamics of tumor cells under some cancer treatments. In this paper, we present a fractional partial differential equation system to describe the dynamics in space and time of the concentration of normal cells, tumor cells, nutrient, M1 virus, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) cells, as well as the interaction between them. We study and analyze the equilibrium points of the presented system. The global stability of these equilibrium points is proved by constructing adequate Lyapunov functional for each equilibrium point. Furthermore, we give some numerical simulations to illustrate our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 1 diabetes (T1D), previously known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, is an autoimmune disease characterized by the insufficient (or lack of) production of insulin by the pancreas. Insulin is crucial to maintain blood sugar at healthy levels. High blood sugar damages the body and causes a variety of symptoms, ranging from severe thirst, fatigue, to urinary infections. The cells responsible for the production of insulin are the β -cells. In T1D, these are killed by an abnormal response of the immune system. Specific clones of cytotoxic T-cells invade the pancreatic islets of Langerhans, and eliminate them. T1D diabetes may develop in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, though in rare situations. In this paper, we propose a cell model for the development of T1D in these patients, after immune restoration, during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The study includes the derivation of the qualitative properties of the model, and its comprehensive investigation via path-following methods, using the continuation platform COCO. In this way, the main theoretical predictions are verified in detail. Furthermore, this numerical part establishes accurate parameter thresholds to ensure an effective disease treatment in HIV-infected persons to prevent the development of T1D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A clinical trial conducted by Geneos Therapeutics and The Wistar Institute has shown promising results for a personalized neoantigen vaccine therapy in patients with liver cancer who failed their initial treatment. Out of the 36 participants, 11 demonstrated tumor regression, with 8 experiencing partial vaccine responses and 3 achieving complete responses. The median overall survival at the time of the study's data cutoff was 19.9 months, exceeding historical endpoints for liver cancer. The research team used a unique gene assembly process to create effective neoantigen building blocks that consistently activated T cells in vivo. This study opens the possibility for further research on the use of neoantigen vaccines in liver cancer and other cancers. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study published in the journal Nature has uncovered a mechanism by which tumors evade the immune system, hindering the formation of immune responses by cytotoxic T cells. The researchers found that tumors secrete a messenger substance called prostaglandin E2, which binds to receptors on certain immune cells and prevents the development of cytotoxic T cells. Current immunotherapies aim to address this issue at a later stage, but the study suggests that blocking the effects of prostaglandin E2 early on could significantly improve the effectiveness of these treatments. A second study in Nature confirmed these findings, highlighting the potential for developing strategies to overcome tumors' defense mechanisms. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the Institute for Systems Biology (ISB) has revealed a common immune response that is protective across multiple diseases. The study focused on the immune cell receptors NKG2A and NKG2C, which play a role in regulating the function of T cells and natural killer cells. The researchers found that an NKG2A-dominant immune response was associated with decreased disease severity, lower mortality rates, and a reduced prevalence of chronic conditions. These findings have implications for the development of targeted and effective treatments for various diseases. [Extracted from the article]

This paper proposes and analyzes an adaptive immunity HIV infection model. The model describes the interaction between healthy CD 4 + T cells, silent (latent) infected cells, active infected cells, free HIV particles, Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and antibodies. The healthy CD 4 + T cells can be infected when they are contacted by one of the following: (i) free HIV particles, and this is known as virus-to-cell (VTC) transmission (ii) silent infected cells, and we call this mode of infection as silent HIV-infected cell-to-cell (CTC) transmission, and (iii) active infected cells, and we call this mechanism active HIV-infected CTC transmission. The incidence rates of the healthy CD 4 + T cells with free HIV particles, silent infected cells, and active infected cells are given by general functions. Moreover, the production/proliferation and removal/death rates of all compartments are represented by general functions. The model is an improvement of the existing HIV infection models which have neglected the incidence between the silent infected cells and healthy CD 4 + T cells. We first show that the model is well-posed. Then, we show that the model has five equilibria and their existence are governed by five threshold parameters. Under a set of conditions on the general functions and the threshold parameters, we have proven the global asymptotic stability of all equilibria by using Lyapunov's method. We have illustrated the theoretical results via numerical simulations. We have studied the effect of CTC transmission on the dynamical behavior of the system. We have shown that inclusion of CTC transmission decreases the concentration of the healthy CD4 + T cells and increases the concentrations of the infected cells and free HIV particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers at the Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine have successfully used the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing tool to repair defective immune cells in mice and two critically ill infants. The study focused on familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL), a rare and severe immune system disease caused by gene mutations that prevent cytotoxic T cells from functioning properly. By repairing the defective genes in T memory cells and reintroducing them into the mice, the researchers were able to normalize the immune response and alleviate symptoms of FHL. While further research and clinical trials are needed, this breakthrough could potentially lead to new treatments for FHL. [Extracted from the article]

HIV/AIDS, Health and Medicine, Immune System Diseases and Conditions, Primate Lentiviruses, RNA Viruses, Retroviridae, Vertebrate Viruses, Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Conditions Keywords for this news article include: University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Asia, HIV/AIDS, RNA Viruses, Retroviridae, Vertebrate Viruses, Health and Medicine, Primate Lentiviruses, Immune System Diseases and Conditions, Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Conditions. Keywords: HIV/AIDS; Health and Medicine; Immune System Diseases and Conditions; Primate Lentiviruses; RNA Viruses; Retroviridae; Vertebrate Viruses; Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Conditions EN HIV/AIDS Health and Medicine Immune System Diseases and Conditions Primate Lentiviruses RNA Viruses Retroviridae Vertebrate Viruses Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Conditions 145 145 1 11/06/23 20231106 NES 231106 2023 NOV 6 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at AIDS Weekly -- Current study results on HIV/AIDS have been published. [Extracted from the article]

In the study, "Unedited allogeneic iNKT cells show extended persistence in MHC-mismatched canine recipients", published in Cell Reports Medicine, the team found remarkable similarities between human and canine iNKT cell biology. One donor's iNKT cells were "enriched in central memory signatures known to promote longer iNKT survival and anti-tumor activity", the study states, and had significantly less exhaustion-related genes than the other donors. [Extracted from the article]

Photodynamic therapy, an innovative cancer treatment approach, utilizes photosensitizers to generate reactive oxygen species (ROSs), which when irradiated by light, selectively kill cancer cells. Keywords: Anticancer Agents; Asia; Biotechnology; Cancer; Cancer Therapy; Chalcogens; Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Drugs and Therapies; Health and Medicine; Hong Kong; Oncology; Oxidants; Pharmaceuticals; Photodynamic Therapy; Photodynamics; Phototherapy; Protective Agents EN Anticancer Agents Asia Biotechnology Cancer Cancer Therapy Chalcogens Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Drugs and Therapies Health and Medicine Hong Kong Oncology Oxidants Pharmaceuticals Photodynamic Therapy Photodynamics Phototherapy Protective Agents 151 151 1 10/03/23 20231003 NES 231003 2023 OCT 3 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Cancer Weekly -- A research team led by scientists from City University of Hong Kong (CityU) has achieved a significant breakthrough by inventing a new class of near-infrared-activated photo-oxidants that can effectively kill cancer cells without requiring oxygen. [Extracted from the article]

A team of researchers from the Institute for Genetic Medicine (IGM) at Hokkaido University has uncovered how estrogen affects the tumor microenvironment and promotes tumor growth in ERa-negative cancers. Keywords: Cancer; Genetics; Health and Medicine; Hokkaido University; Oncology; Therapy EN Cancer Genetics Health and Medicine Hokkaido University Oncology Therapy 320 320 1 09/04/23 20230905 NES 230905 2023 SEP 5 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Immunotherapy Weekly -- Anti-estrogenic therapies can suppress the growth of cancer that does not express estrogen receptors; when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies, they halt tumor progression in mice models. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Antigen-Presenting Cells; Biological Products; Biotechnology; Blood Cells; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cancer; Cancer Gene Therapy; Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells; Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes; Dendritic Cells; Drugs and Therapies; Emerging Technologies; Gene Therapy; Health and Medicine; Hemic and Immune Systems; Immunization; Immunology; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Mononuclear Leukocytes; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Nanobodies; Nanotechnology; Oncology; Pharmaceuticals; T-Lymphocytes; Vaccines EN Antigen-Presenting Cells Biological Products Biotechnology Blood Cells CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cancer Cancer Gene Therapy Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes Dendritic Cells Drugs and Therapies Emerging Technologies Gene Therapy Health and Medicine Hemic and Immune Systems Immunization Immunology Leukocytes Lymphocytes Mononuclear Leukocytes Mononuclear Phagocyte System Nanobodies Nanotechnology Oncology Pharmaceuticals T-Lymphocytes Vaccines 22 22 1 07/24/23 20230724 NES 230724 2023 JUL 24 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Cancer Gene Therapy Week -- Researchers detail new data in cancer gene therapy. For more information on this research see: A novel CTLA-4 blocking strategy based on nanobody enhances the activity of dendritic cell vaccine-stimulated antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes. [Extracted from the article]

Classical MHC-I molecules are comprised of three major parts: a peptide antigen consisting of 8 to 15 amino acids; a light chain that is the same for all MHC-I molecules; and a highly polymorphic heavy chain. As soon as the light chain falls off, it triggers the MHC-I molecule to disassemble, at which point it is essentially sent for recycling for future peptide loading, serving as a sort of "on/off" switch for the MHC-I molecule. The researchers also demonstrated that their engineered MHC-I molecules promote peptide exchange across multiple HLA allotypes, covering representatives from five HLA-A, six HLA-B supertypes, and HLA-Ib molecules, which have many different forms. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Ibaraki; Japan; Asia; Antigens; Biochemicals; Biochemistry; Cancer; Chemicals; Epitopes; Health and Medicine; Immunology; Molecular Chaperones; Oncology; Proteins EN Ibaraki Japan Asia Antigens Biochemicals Biochemistry Cancer Chemicals Epitopes Health and Medicine Immunology Molecular Chaperones Oncology Proteins 42 42 1 05/08/23 20230508 NES 230508 2023 MAY 8 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Cancer Vaccine Week -- Investigators discuss new findings in Oncology - Cancer. Our news editors obtained a quote from the research from National Institute Biomedical Innovation Health & Nutrition, "To date, numerous pathogen-derived epitopes and cancer cell-specific epitopes have been identified and used in the development of mRNA and peptide vaccines, but much remains unknown regarding the intracellular mechanisms that generate these antigen epitopes. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Jeddah; Saudi Arabia; Asia; Brain Cancer; Cancer; Gliomas; Health and Medicine; Mathematics; Oncology EN Jeddah Saudi Arabia Asia Brain Cancer Cancer Gliomas Health and Medicine Mathematics Oncology 915 915 1 03/27/23 20230328 NES 230328 2023 MAR 27 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Clinical Oncology Week -- Current study results on Oncology - Brain Cancer have been published. Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Asia, Brain Cancer, Cancer, Gliomas, Health and Medicine, Mathematics, Oncology. [Extracted from the article]

Dermatology, Environment, Health and Medicine, Lichen Planus, Lichenoid Eruptions, Skin Diseases and Conditions, Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases and Conditions Keywords for this news article include: University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia, Europe, Dermatology, Environment, Lichen Planus, Health and Medicine, Lichenoid Eruptions, Skin Diseases and Conditions, Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases and Conditions. Keywords: Dermatology; Environment; Health and Medicine; Lichen Planus; Lichenoid Eruptions; Skin Diseases and Conditions; Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases and Conditions EN Dermatology Environment Health and Medicine Lichen Planus Lichenoid Eruptions Skin Diseases and Conditions Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases and Conditions 2023 MAR 3 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Genomics & Genetics Weekly -- A new study on lichen planus is now available. [Extracted from the article]

Vaccines developed through "rational vaccinology" offer precise dosing for maximum effectiveness This approach to systematically control antigen and adjuvant locations within modular vaccine architectures was created by Mirkin, who coined the term rational vaccinology to describe it. The scientists used chemistry and nanotechnology to change the structural location of adjuvants and antigens on and within a nanoscale vaccine, greatly increasing vaccine performance. The scientists used chemistry and nanotechnology to change the structural location of adjuvants and antigens on and within a nanoscale vaccine, greatly increasing vaccine performance. [Extracted from the article]