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Climate change presents a significant threat to the planet, with irreversible changes already occurring. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emphasizes that viable solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change exist but are not yet at the necessary scale. Corporate citizenship professionals are prioritizing environmental sustainability, including carbon capture technology. Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is the dominant form of carbon dioxide removal (CDR), with 24 CCUS sites worldwide. FedEx is partnering with Yale University to establish the Yale Center for Natural Carbon Capture, aiming to replicate Earth's carbon storage processes through engineered solutions. The Center's research benefits the global community and demonstrates the potential for natural carbon capture science across sectors. [Extracted from the article]

A research paper titled "The 600-year office" explores the idea of designing buildings to last for centuries rather than decades. The author, architect Luke Askwith, suggests that buildings should be designed with a longer lifespan in mind, allowing for adaptability and future-proofing. By incorporating design changes such as modular structures and flexible layouts, buildings can be more sustainable and suitable for different uses over time. The concept of long-term design is gaining attention in the industry, but it may require a shift in attitude from clients and developers. The construction sector's adoption of circular economy principles could also contribute to reducing carbon emissions and creating economic advantages. Ultimately, the goal is to create buildings that are adaptable, environmentally friendly, and aesthetically pleasing to meet the needs of future generations. [Extracted from the article]

Sonoco has announced the launch of its new uncoated recycled paperboard (URB) No. 10 machine at its Hartsville, South Carolina mill complex. The machine, which was converted from a corrugated medium machine, is part of Sonoco's Project Horizon initiative. The investment to update the machine was $125 million and it is designed to be one of the largest and lowest-cost producers of URB in the world. The launch of URB No. 10 also marks Sonoco's move to 100% recycled fibers in Hartsville, eliminating the virgin pulp processing and chemical recovery operation at that facility. The company expects this move to reduce electricity consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and total water use. Sonoco projects that the new operation will drive $30 million in annual cost savings by 2024 and the less efficient Nos. 1 and 9 cylinder machines will be permanently shut down by the end of October. The No. 10 machine will have a range of grade and caliper sizes and will offer improved ribbon quality and precise, narrow-width slitting. The Project Horizon initiative also includes updates to the Hartsville complex such as a new sitewide control system, a state-of-the-art cleaning system, and modernized warehousing. Sonoco operates 23 paper mills globally with an annual capacity of 2.1 million tons, and the new URB machine will be the world's largest with a daily production capacity of 500 tons. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the global urgency of building the carbon removal industry to cut greenhouse gas emissions to net zero by 2050. It highlights the role of insurers and reinsurers as institutional investors in buying the carbon removal certificates in their own pursuit of net zero and, of course, providing the traditional risk transfer protections.

The article discusses how wastewater is being used as an alternative energy source to heat homes and buildings in False Creek, Vancouver. The wastewater flowing through municipal sewer pipes maintains a temperature of between 50℉ (10°C) and 68℉ (20°C), even in the coldest months. By capturing and utilizing this heat, False Creek generated 23,441 megawatt hours of thermal energy in 2022, enough to heat 3,000 residential apartments for a year. Wastewater heat extraction is a growing trend globally, with the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reliance on fossil fuels. However, implementing this technology in existing developments can be costly, and the maximum energy recovery is near water treatment plants. Despite the challenges, wastewater heat is a valuable and untapped resource that can contribute to the energy transition and help combat climate change. [Extracted from the article]

China's carbon allowances have reached a record high due to impending changes in the country's emissions trading system. Spot prices rose to 83.27 yuan ($11.58) per ton, a nearly 20% increase since the end of January. The new Interim Regulations, set to be introduced in May, will reduce the volume of free allowances and impose stricter penalties on companies that violate emissions rules. However, experts believe that the current bullish trend may be short-lived, as market participants are eager for further policy updates from the Chinese government. [Extracted from the article]

The push to fix carbon markets is gaining momentum at the COP28 conference in Dubai as climate envoys seek ways to meet green finance pledges and uphold the goals of the Paris Agreement. The aim is to restore investors' trust and strengthen a mechanism that can provide funding to developing countries for their energy transition and climate change adaptation. The use of carbon markets allows firms in wealthier countries to pay for emissions reductions in developing nations, but concerns have been raised about the effectiveness of voluntary offset mechanisms. The talks at COP28 are expected to endorse carbon credit guidelines and work towards a new global system of exchanging allowances for greenhouse gases. Various carbon-crediting initiatives have emerged globally, attracting significant investment, but questions about project robustness and measurable emission reductions have led to a confidence crisis. The Voluntary Carbon Markets Integrity Initiative has published guidelines to tighten climate claims made by purchasers, requiring companies to publish emissions data, adopt science-based targets, and make measurable progress in cutting pollution before buying credits to offset remaining emissions. Financial institutions and national governments are leading the shift towards environmentally sound projects, such as carbon credits generated from forest preservation. The World Bank is working with several countries on these projects, aiming to generate millions of credits and earn billions of dollars. However, forest conservation offsets have faced scrutiny due to over-counting impacts, and the World Bank is implementing stricter monitoring and verification protocols to rectify past mistakes. The goal is to unify the fragmented market and combat climate change while promoting development and reducing inequality. [Extracted from the article]

A new report released at the COP28 climate talks in Dubai highlights the urgent need for major cuts to fossil fuel use in order to prevent the planet from surpassing the 1.5C warming threshold. Without these cuts, the world may have to rely on unproven carbon dioxide removal technologies to reduce global temperatures. The report emphasizes that radical transformations are necessary to prevent Earth from exceeding the warming limit. The hottest year on record, with temperatures 1.4C above pre-industrial levels, further underscores the need for action. The report also stresses the importance of a rapid transition away from fossil fuels and the need to increase carbon removal capacity. However, carbon removal should not be seen as a replacement for emissions reductions. The report concludes that while carbon removal technologies are still in their early stages, they will be an important tool in the fight against climate change. [Extracted from the article]

This article provides an in-depth exploration of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are a global agenda aimed at addressing pressing challenges by 2030. The paper examines the significance of the 17 SDGs, their interconnections, and the actions required for their achievement. It emphasizes the critical role of collective action from governments, businesses, civil society, and individuals in fostering sustainable development and shaping a more equitable and prosperous future for all. The article delves into each SDG, elucidating their objectives, targets, and indicators, while highlighting the need for integrated approaches to address interconnected challenges. [Extracted from the article]

(Bloomberg) -- President Joe Biden on Thursday will implore world leaders to strengthen their carbon-cutting ambitions and unite behind a pledge to make half of all light-duty vehicles sold in 2030 emission-free models. The session will convene just before Earth Day and roughly seven months before a critical United Nations climate summit meant to appraise the world's progress in cutting greenhouse gas pollution. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: This paper improves the evaluation index system of green building operation effect and establishes the evaluation model of green building operation effect. It is expected to promote energy saving and emission reduction and provide a more scientific evaluation method for green building operation effect evaluation. Design/methodology/approach: First, 20 key evaluation indexes are selected to establish the operation effective evaluation index system. Then, the combined weight method is proposed to determine the weight of each evaluation index. Next, the gray clustering-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to construct the green building operation effective evaluation model. Finally, the feasibility and validity of the selected model were verified by taking Shenzhen Bay One green building in Shenzhen as an example. Findings: This paper establishes the evaluation system of green building operational effect, and evaluates green building from the angle of operational effect. Taking Shenzhen Bay One project as an example, the rationality and applicability of the model are verified. Originality/value: In this paper, for the first time, relevant indexes of user experience are included in the evaluation system of green building operational effect, which makes the evaluation system more perfect. In addition, a more scientific fuzzy gray clustering method is used to evaluate the operational effect of green building, and a new evaluation model is established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Read More: EU Leaders Fail to Agree on Energy Amid Carbon Price Dispute The Commission wants to raise to 4.2% from the current 2.2% the rate at which the pollution cap shrinks each year, known as the Linear Reduction Factor. (Bloomberg) -- The lead lawmaker steering the overhaul of the European Union's carbon market is set to propose some temporary opt-outs from a planned extension of the cap-and-trade program as soaring energy prices send shockwaves through the region's economy. [Extracted from the article]

Victoria has approved its first waste-to-energy project, the A$600 million Maryvale Energy from Waste project. The project has been awarded an energy from waste license under the government's waste-to-energy scheme and aims to help Victoria achieve its goal of diverting 80% of waste from landfills by 2030. The project will convert 375,000 tons of non-recyclable waste into energy annually, reducing greenhouse gas emissions in Victoria by 270,000 tons per year. The project is being developed by a consortium consisting of Opal, Veolia, and Masdar Tribe Australia, with Opal owning and operating the paper mill next to which the project will be developed. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the optimal operational strategies in a green platform supply chain and provide suggestions on the selection of sales and financing modes for the capital-constrained manufacturer. Design/methodology/approach: This study combines different sales channels with financing modes and investigates three sales-financing modes, i.e. traditional sales-prepayment financing (TSPF), traditional sales-bank financing (TSBF) and online sales e-retailer financing (OSEF). By establishing and comparing Stackelberg game models of these sales-financing modes from the perspectives of economy, environment and social welfare, the optimal strategies of emission reduction, financing, pricing and service improvement are obtained. Findings: The results suggest that as the commission rate increases to a certain level, a threshold of the cost coefficient of emission reduction can be found such that the manufacturer should choose OSEF below this threshold and TSBF above this threshold. OSEF is Pareto optimal when this cost coefficient is low, and this mode can lead to the highest social welfare when the platform loan interest rate is relatively low. The Pareto areas in TSBF and OSEF enlarge as the default coefficient decreases. Practical implications: These results can provide operational insights on how to select sales channels and financing modes when manufacturer faces financial constraints in emission reduction. Originality/value: This paper combines different sales and financing modes to study their comprehensive influence on the decision-makings of chain members and the resulting performance of economy, environment and social welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent report from Lovely Professional University in Punjab, India explores the role of food industries in promoting sustainability. The research highlights the challenges faced by the food industry, such as climate change, resource depletion, food security, and health concerns. The paper emphasizes the importance of shifting consumer preferences towards sustainable and healthy diets, reducing food waste, and adopting circular economy principles. While the food industry has made progress in areas such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving supply chain transparency, challenges still remain. The report serves as a call to action and a roadmap for the food industry's role in sustainability. [Extracted from the article]

Commodities traders with ample cash are purchasing oil refineries that major energy companies are divesting from. Trading houses are investing their profits from a lucrative period in acquiring refining and distribution assets, which provide more trading options, exposure to physical and paper markets, and insight into fuel supplies. This trend is occurring as Big Oil faces pressure from shareholders to focus on high-return assets and divest from polluting businesses. Traders are attracted to refineries because they allow for greater flexibility in trading decisions, influence on pricing mechanisms, and improved bargaining power in supply deals. The availability of refineries for sale, combined with the desire of oil majors to reduce emissions, has created an opportunity for traders to enter the refining industry. While refining margins can be volatile, the industry's slowdown in new refinery investments and the continued growth of fuel consumption in developing countries may lead to more stable margins in the future. [Extracted from the article]

Earlier this month, the city of Anaheim, Cali. rolled out a new organics recycling program which will attempt to reduce the amount of organic waste making it to landfills. The program considers organics as food scraps, food-soiled paper and paper bags, plus yard waste, grass clippings, leaves, weeds, and small branches. [Extracted from the article]

MATERIALS SCIENCE Hydrogen gas is a carbon-free energy source that can be burned in place of fossil fuels. The hydrogen-generating technique works with mixed plastic waste and could also theoretically work for other carbon-based household garbage such as cardboard and paper, Tour says. [Extracted from the article]

Germany is launching a program to provide up to €4 billion in funding to help heavy industrial producers transition to green technologies. The program, called "climate protection contracts," will compensate companies in sectors like steel, cement, and glass for the additional expenses of using clean technologies. Germany aims to reduce carbon emissions by two-thirds by 2030 and achieve climate neutrality by 2045. The European Union has approved the funding plans, which aim to remove around 350 million tons of CO2 from sectors such as steel, cement, paper, and glass. [Extracted from the article]

Under the new Life Cycle Services brand, Greif has aligned these end-of-life services offered by its Global Industrial Packaging (GIP) and Paper Packaging and Services (PPS) businesses. Delaware, Ohio - Greif is pleased to announce the rebrand of its product circularity program, now known as Life Cycle Services by Greif. [Extracted from the article]

(Bloomberg) -- Bold and non-binding national climate commitments are more credible and lead to greater change than less ambitious but binding pledges, according to a new paper by researchers at the University of California at San Diego. Authors interviewed 829 climate negotiators and scientists from over 150 countries to reach that conclusion, providing some of the first evidence to support the logic of the 2015 Paris Agreement, the paper published in Nature Climate Change on Friday concluded. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: Outsourcing remanufacturing is a major form of remanufacturing, and emission reduction is an important part of a manufacturer's production. This paper aims to investigate carbon emission reduction strategies in a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) with outsourcing remanufacturing and design a contract to coordinate the CLSC. Design/methodology/approach: The authors establish two-period game models between an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and third-party remanufacturer (TPR) in different scenarios, including decentralized decision, centralized decision and coordinated decision. Furthermore, the authors study the optimal decisions by maximizing the profit model. The authors also investigate the impact of a carbon tax and emission reduction on the optimal decisions through comparative analysis. Findings: Emission reduction increases the quantity of new products and the OEM's profit. However, emission reduction decreases the outsourcing fee, which is not conducive to remanufacturing; thus, the TPR's profit does not necessarily increase. Compared with a decentralized scenario, the output of remanufactured products and the total profit increase. When the acceptance level of remanufactured products is high enough or when emissions from remanufacturing are low enough, the total carbon emissions are reduced in the centralized scenario. For the coordination of the CLSC, the OEM needs to increase the outsourcing fee and the TPR needs to share part of the emission reduction costs. Research limitations/implications: The TPR can choose three different remanufacturing strategies, namely, no remanufacturing, partial remanufacturing or full remanufacturing. For the majority of firms, it is difficult to remanufacture all used products. Therefore, the analysis is based only on partial remanufacturing. Practical implications: The results provide insights for remanufacturing and emission reduction decisions, as well as a decision basis for the cooperation between the OEM and TPR. Originality/value: The authors combine the OEM's carbon emission reduction with outsourcing remanufacturing, and investigate the impact of technological spillover on the TPR's profit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world's oceans are experiencing alarming levels of warming, leading to devastating consequences for marine life and humanity. The rise in ocean temperatures has caused a decline in the population of the smalltooth sawfish in Florida, as well as the emergence of toxic algal blooms and changes in ocean currents. The warming waters have also led to coral reef bleaching and a decline in phytoplankton, which has negative effects on marine ecosystems and commercially important fish species. The impacts of ocean warming include sea level rise, more powerful storms, and a decline in oxygen levels, posing a significant crisis for humanity. Immediate action, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions and implementing conservation efforts, is necessary to mitigate the effects of ocean chaos. [Extracted from the article]

If residents add food scraps or food-soiled paper, it brings all the more energy-dense nutrients into the compost mix. New York City residents will be required to set out yard waste for collection if a proposed rule is signed into law, which would also allow for food scraps and food-soiled paper to be separated and set at curbside on a voluntary basis or be commingled with yard waste. [Extracted from the article]

New York City residents will be required to set out yard waste for collection if a proposed rule is signed into law, which would also allow for food scraps and food-soiled paper to be separated and set at curbside on a voluntary basis or be commingled with yard waste. If residents add food scraps or food-soiled paper, it brings all the more energy-dense nutrients into the compost mix. [Extracted from the article]

B XYLEM b is the name of the vascular tissue in plants that transports water and nutrients, and you can harness it to keep foods like celery, asparagus and herbs fresher, longer. B DAIRY b products rival vegetables as the most-wasted food category in U.S. households. Vegetable Rösti With Poached Eggs B ACTIVE: b 55 min B TOTAL: b 55 min I Swiss rösti are traditionally made with only potatoes, but you can use other veggies, too, particularly parts of ones you may typically discard: cabbage and cauliflower cores, broccoli stems and the ribs of dark leafy greens. WITH KITCHEN TIPS & RECIPES According to the USDA, as much as 40% of our food supply ends up in the trash or compost bin - that's an average of 219 pounds per person annually. [Extracted from the article]

JPMorgan Chase & Co. has released a white paper calling for increased action and investment to reduce methane emissions in the oil and gas sector. The report highlights the economic and environmental benefits of methane abatement and encourages companies to set emission intensity targets, end routine flaring, and consider third-party audits. This move by JPMorgan could potentially encourage other banks to follow suit and allocate more capital towards methane reduction efforts. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, and curbing its release from the oil and gas sector is a cost-effective way to mitigate climate change. The report also mentions that investments in methane reduction have been hindered by a lack of reliable data, but advancements in emissions-monitoring technology could help overcome this barrier. [Extracted from the article]

The Biden administration is awarding approximately $6 billion in grants to companies in order to clean up industries that are difficult to decarbonize, such as metal, paper, and glass. Century Aluminum Co. is set to receive up to $500 million to build a new aluminum smelter, which would double the nation's current domestic production of aluminum and reduce emissions by 75%. This project is part of an Energy Department program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in energy-intensive manufacturing industries and revitalize industrial communities. The grants aim to cut emissions by the equivalent of 14 million metric tons of carbon dioxide per year and create new jobs. Other companies receiving grants include Cleveland-Cliffs Inc., SSAB AB, Exxon Mobil Corp., Kraft Heinz Co., Heidelberg Materials AG, and Eastman Chemical Co. [Extracted from the article]

The Biden administration is planning to award approximately $6.3 billion in grants to help industries reduce their carbon emissions. The grants will be given to sectors such as cement, glass, chemicals, metals, and pulp and paper, which together account for a significant portion of US emissions. The funding aims to support the transition to lower-carbon technologies in these industries, which is crucial for the US to achieve its goal of cutting greenhouse gas emissions by 50% by 2030 and achieving net zero by mid-century. The grants will be funded in part by President Biden's climate law, the Inflation Reduction Act, and will also help US companies stay competitive in the global market for low-carbon products. [Extracted from the article]

The article highlights the Milk Producers' Organization Training Institute's commitment to the sustainability of the dairy industry through farmworker training and programs for emerging farmers. Ronald Rapholo, the institute's leader, brings a unique background in dairy, human resources and law, ensuring effective management and a focus on skills development, with programs covering various aspects of dairy farming.

(Bloomberg) -- India's central bank has suggestedfinancial institutions scale up green lending andvoluntarily set up green finance targets to mitigaterisks arising out of climate change. Banks need to put in place a mechanism at the board levelfor overseeing climate-risk initiatives, the discussionpaper said, adding that targets must be set forinvestment for sustainable finance. [Extracted from the article]

Charles Koch, along with his late brother David, has famously bankrolled innumerable conservative and libertarian causes and funded many lobby groups that claim anthropogenic global warming isn't happening. Small wonder that Dembicki ends his book [The Petroleum Papers: Inside the Far-Right Conspiracy to Cover Up Climate Change] on a note of quiet despair. From "Gaslighting: Chronicles of a greasy campaign", by John Baglow, a review of The Petroleum Papers: Inside the Far-Right Conspiracy to Cover Up Climate Change, by Geoff Dembicki (Greystone Books, 2022), in Literary Review of Canada, Mar 2023. [Extracted from the article]

However, residents are able to use any container they choose to dump food scraps into their curbside collection bins. Residents of Los Angeles will now have to adapt to placing their food scraps in a green, curbside bin. [Extracted from the article]

The paper, authored by researchers at UC Davis affiliated with UC Agriculture and Natural Resources, concludes that efforts are on track to achieve the state's world-leading target for reducing dairy methane emissions by 40% by 2030. The California Dairy Research Foundation and University of California, Davis CLEAR Center announced on Dec. 14 the release of a new analysis of methane reduction progress titled "Meeting the Call: How California is Pioneering a Pathway to Significant Dairy Sector Methane Reduction.". [Extracted from the article]

The California Dairy Research Foundation and University of California, Davis CLEAR Center announced on Dec. 14 the release of a new analysis of methane reduction progress titled "Meeting the Call: How California is Pioneering a Pathway to Significant Dairy Sector Methane Reduction." The paper, authored by researchers at UC Davis affiliated with UC Agriculture and Natural Resources, concludes that efforts are on track to achieve the state's world-leading target for reducing dairy methane emissions by 40% by 2030. [Extracted from the article]

The California Dairy Research Foundation and University of California, Davis CLEAR Center announced on Dec. 14 the release of a new analysis of methane reduction progress titled "Meeting the Call: How California is Pioneering a Pathway to Significant Dairy Sector Methane Reduction." The paper, authored by researchers at UC Davis affiliated with UC Agriculture and Natural Resources, concludes that efforts are on track to achieve the state's world-leading target for reducing dairy methane emissions by 40% by 2030. [Extracted from the article]

The California Dairy Research Foundation and University of California, Davis CLEAR Center announced on Dec. 14 the release of a new analysis of methane reduction progress titled "Meeting the Call: How California is Pioneering a Pathway to Significant Dairy Sector Methane Reduction." The paper, authored by researchers at UC Davis affiliated with UC Agriculture and Natural Resources, concludes that efforts are on track to achieve the state's world-leading target for reducing dairy methane emissions by 40% by 2030. [Extracted from the article]

The paper, authored by researchers at UC Davis affiliated with UC Agriculture and Natural Resources, concludes that efforts are on track to achieve the state's world-leading target for reducing dairy methane emissions by 40% by 2030. The California Dairy Research Foundation and University of California, Davis CLEAR Center announced on Dec. 14 the release of a new analysis of methane reduction progress titled "Meeting the Call: How California is Pioneering a Pathway to Significant Dairy Sector Methane Reduction.". [Extracted from the article]

The finance sector's role in addressing climate change has been questioned by the Institute of International Finance (IIF), an industry group that includes major banks and asset managers. The IIF argues that the assumption that aligning banks' loan books and fund managers' portfolios with a net-zero future will naturally lead to global decarbonization is misguided. The group emphasizes that financial firms prioritize delivering financial returns for clients and will only invest in energy-transition projects if they are profitable. The IIF also highlights concerns about the lack of consistent regulation and understanding around transition finance. [Extracted from the article]

Depending on local utility rates, electric cars and home electrification can also significantly reduce the payback period for solar panels, thanks to savings on electricity costs. (Bloomberg) -- Living on a warming planet requires protecting your home from threats exacerbated by climate change. As many as 48 million US homes may also need electrical upgrades to handle the increased power demands of solar panels, heat pumps and electric car chargers, according to a 2021 paper by Pecan Street, a nonprofit that promotes building electrification. [Extracted from the article]

This summer, the extent of Arctic sea ice was the sixth lowest ever recorded, and scientists believe the Arctic could experience whole summer months without any sea ice as soon as the 2030s due to global warming. (Bloomberg) -- Polar bears may be struggling to nourish their young as melting sea ice forces some populations to fast for longer periods, according to new research. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords for this news article include: University of Naples Federico II, Climate Change, Global Warming, Economic Growth. Keywords: Climate Change; Economic Growth; Economics; Global Warming EN Climate Change Economic Growth Economics Global Warming 1070 1070 1 08/28/23 20230901 NES 230901 2023 SEP 3 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Medical Letter on the CDC & FDA -- Fresh data on climate change are presented in a new report. [Extracted from the article]

Illustration by Miriam Martincic LAST NOVEMBER THE SPRING WEATHER IN SOUTH AMERICA JUMPED FROM COLD TO SEARING. The WWA's first study, for example, compared temperatures in five French cities during a 2015 heat wave with those from summers in the first half of the 1900s, revealing that climate change quadrupled the chances of the heat wave occurring. They belonged to the World Weather Attribution (WWA) group, a collaboration of climate researchers that Friederike Otto and Geert Jan van Oldenborgh formed in 2014 to address a persistent, nagging question: Is climate change making extreme weather worse and, if so, by how much? TYPICAL FORMATION AMPLIFIED BY CLIMATE CHANGE CYCLONE More energy THUNDERSTORM RAINSTORM More precipitation HEAT EXCHANGE Warmer surface water creates more evaporation PREDICTED RAINFALL PREDICTED RAINFALL WITHOUT CLIMATE CHANGE "I really want [attribution science] to be taken over by noaa or by Copernicus. [Extracted from the article]