294 results
Search Results
2. Self‐care behaviours and related cultural factors among Chinese immigrants with cardiovascular disease in western countries: an integrative review.
- Author
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Zeng, Ling, Perry, Lin, and Xu, Xiaoyue
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IMMIGRANTS , *CULTURE , *PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems , *CINAHL database , *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *HEALTH services accessibility , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *SELF-management (Psychology) , *PATIENT decision making , *COMMUNICATION barriers , *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases , *DIET , *PHYSICAL activity , *FAMILY roles , *HEALTH behavior , *DRUGS , *ACCESS to information , *PATIENT compliance , *HEALTH self-care , *AMED (Information retrieval system) - Abstract
Aims and objectives: This review aimed to demonstrate the self‐care behaviours of first‐generation Chinese immigrants with cardiovascular disease in western countries and identify related cultural factors. Background: Self‐care is the cornerstone to mitigate disease symptoms and maintain health status. Chinese immigrants to western countries, operating within a cross‐cultural context, may find self‐care to manage their cardiovascular disease challenging. Design: An integrative review was conducted. Methods: Seven databases were searched Scopus, ProQuest Health & Medicine, Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), AMED (Ovid), PsycINFO and CINAHL, with output limited to peer‐reviewed studies published from 2000 to 2020 in English or Chinese. Initially, 2037 papers were screened. Six papers were retained and critiqued using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Deductive and inductive approaches were utilised to analyse the findings. The PRISMA 2020 checklist informed review reportage. Result: In general, Chinese immigrants with cardiovascular disease took an active role in management of their cardiovascular disease, including through diet and activity adaptation and adherence to western medication. Families also played a significant role in disease decision‐making and management. However, language and cultural barriers impeded their access to health information and resources in host countries. Relevance to clinical practice: Understanding self‐care behaviours and associated cultural factors among Chinese immigrants with cardiovascular disease is important to improve nurses' culturally sensitive practices and provide tailored health education interventions to promote self‐care behaviours among immigrant populations. The scarcity of literature on self‐care behaviours among Chinese first‐generation immigrants with cardiovascular disease indicates the need for further research in this area. Development of culturally and linguistically sensitive health resources and education programs is urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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3. A few "big players": Systems approach to immigrant employment in a mid‐sized city.
- Author
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Crea‐Arsenio, Mary, Newbold, K. Bruce, Baumann, Andrea, and Walton‐Roberts, Margaret
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CITIES & towns , *CHILDREN of immigrants , *SMALL cities , *EMPLOYMENT , *IMMIGRANTS , *LABOR market - Abstract
Canada's immigration policy is regarded globally as a best practice model for selecting highly skilled migrants. Yet, upon arrival many immigrants face challenges integrating into employment. Where immigrants settle is one factor that has been shown to impact on employment integration. In Canada, regionalization policies have resulted in more immigrants settling in small to mid‐sized cities. It is important to understand how these local systems are organized to promote immigrant integration into employment. Using a systems approach, this paper presents a case study of immigrant employment in a mid‐sized city in Ontario, Canada. Through a document review and stakeholder interviews, a systems map was developed, and local perspectives were analyzed. Results demonstrate that in a mid‐sized city, few organizations play a large role in immigrant employment. The connections between these core organizations and the local labour market are complex. Any potential challenges to the system that interfere with these connections can cause a delay for newcomers seeking employment. As cities begin to experience growth driven by immigration, there is a need to ensure local services are not only available but also working effectively within the larger employment system. Key messages: An important focus of Canada's immigration policy has been to improve employment integration locally.Using a systems approach allows mid‐sized cities to identify local services and how they are connected to promote employment integration of newcomers.Greater connectivity between services can streamline the employment process for immigrants settling in mid‐sized cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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4. The perceived effects of migration on the mental health of Afro‐Caribbean immigrants: A narrative synthesis of qualitative studies.
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Ojurongbe, Sandra
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EMIGRATION & immigration & psychology , *IMMIGRANTS , *CINAHL database , *ONLINE information services , *PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems , *RACISM , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *MENTAL health , *HEALTH status indicators , *FAMILIES , *PATIENTS' attitudes , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *MEDLINE - Abstract
Accessible Summary: What Is Known on the Subject?: Economic and educational opportunities are usually the principal driving forces for migration.There is a large body of quantitative research studies, mainly from the U.K., supporting the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders, mainly psychotic disorders, in Afro‐Caribbean immigrants which increases across generations.The process of migration and acculturation can present significant risk factors for psychiatric disorders in immigrants.Research involving members of the Black community is generally conducted with the perception that Blacks are a homogenous group, ignoring the cultural and ethnic differences among the subgroups. What the Paper Adds to Existing Knowledge?: It provides a broadened understanding of the experiences, thoughts and feelings of Afro‐Caribbean immigrants, and the factors within the processes of migration and acculturation that negatively impacts their mental health.It provides context to the volume of quantitative studies indicating a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders, particularly psychotic disorders, in Afro‐Caribbean immigrants and their offspring. What Are the Implications for Practice?: Nurses conducting mental health evaluations and assessments for members of the Black community should be culturally competent. Cultural competence entails an understanding of cultural beliefs, race, ethnicity and values. Additionally, knowledge of the effects of migration and acculturation as mental health risks is also important to improve mental health outcomes.Cultural competence will help reduce health disparities by increasing trust in the health care system and providers, not only for Afro‐Caribbean immigrants, but all immigrant groups. Introduction: There is evidence to support migration as a significant risk factor for psychiatric disorders in immigrants. Unfortunately, as an immigrant group, little is known about the mental health of Afro‐Caribbean immigrants and the factors that threaten their mental health. Aim: To explore the perceived effects of migration on the mental health of Afro‐Caribbean immigrants. Methods: A qualitative narrative synthesis was employed to interpretively integrate 13 primary qualitative research findings. Eleven of the primary studies were conducted in the U.K., one in the U.S. and one in Canada. Results: The themes gleaned: (1) experiences of racism, (2) generational conflicts, (3) feelings of powerlessness, (4) limited socioeconomic resources, (5) unfulfilled expectations, (6) fragmented family and community and (7) ignoring cultural/ethnic identity. Discussion: The findings broadened the understanding and experiences of Afro‐Caribbean immigrants and their mental health vulnerabilities as they navigate through migration and acculturation. Implications for Practice: Addressing the mental health of Afro‐Caribbeans will require health care providers to: (1) be cognizant of their immigrant status; (2) understand how migration and acculturation influence the mental health of immigrants; (3) be aware of the ethnocultural differences among Black subgroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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5. Exploring Ghanaian male immigrants' transnational dating practices within the integration‐transnationalism matrix.
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Kutor, Senanu Kwasi, Kyeremeh, Emmanuel, Annan‐Aggrey, Eunice, and Oklikah, Desmond Ofori
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CHILDREN of immigrants , *GHANAIANS , *IMMIGRANTS , *TRANSNATIONALISM , *MALES , *INTERNET surveys - Abstract
The migration literature focusing on understanding interactions between immigrants' integration and transnationalism is replete with mixed findings. However, contemporary consensus among migration scholars suggests that immigrants' integration and transnational connections can occur simultaneously. Focusing on transnational dating—which is understudied—this exploratory study draws on an online qualitative survey with five Ghanaian male immigrants in southwestern Ontario, Canada, to explore how immigrants' attachment to the host society, homeland, and "elsewhere" shape transnational dating behaviour. Transnational dating is conceptualized in this paper as dating partners that live part or most of their life or time detached from each other, yet hold together and create a sense of shared welfare and harmony, namely "datehood" that surpasses national borders. Using the integration‐transnationalism matrix as the theoretical framework, this paper demonstrates that the roles of integration and transnationalism should not be seen as separate influences on participants' transnational dating behaviour given participants' strong attachment to the host society, sending country, and "elsewhere." Importantly, our finding indicates that the motivation for transnational dating is related to transnational connections rather than not feeling integrated into Canadian society. Overall, the finding contributes to discourses on dating, transnational dating, transnationalism, and the conceptual framework of the integration‐transnationalism matrix. Key Messages: The migration literature focusing on understanding interactions between immigrants' integration and transnationalism is replete with mixed findings.This exploratory study has taken a critical step in stimulating a research agenda on transnational dating within the integration‐transnationalism matrix.Our finding indicates that the motivation for transnational dating is related to transnational connections rather than not feeling integrated into Canadian society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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6. Unravelling the Interconnections of Immigration, Precarious Labour and Racism Across the Life Course.
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Ferrer, Ilyan, Brotman, Shari, and Koehn, Sharon
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RACISM , *IMMIGRANTS , *SERVICES for caregivers , *LIFE course approach , *AGEISM , *SEXISM , *DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) , *EMIGRATION & immigration , *INTERVIEWING , *PREJUDICES , *EXPERIENCE , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *EMPLOYMENT , *RESEARCH funding , *SOCIAL classes , *REFUGEES , *LABOR market - Abstract
This paper contributes to the growing body of work on precarious labor, immigration, and social gerontology by examining the racialization of precarious employment across the life course. In particular, the authors examine the impact of precarious employment and discrimination among racialized older immigrants in Canada. Racialized older immigrants are more likely to be disadvantaged by the effects of lifelong intersections of economic and social discrimination rooted in racialization, gender, ageism, and socio-economic status. Drawing from a narrative-photovoice project that focused on the life stories of older immigrants living in Quebec and British Columbia, this paper presents the in-depth stories and photographs of four participants to highlight how intersections of race, gender, age, immigration status, and ability shape and structure experiences of aging, labor market participation and caregiving relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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7. Canadian Guideline on the Management of a Positive Human Papillomavirus Test and Guidance for Specific Populations.
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Zigras, Tiffany, Mayrand, Marie-Hélène, Bouchard, Celine, Salvador, Shannon, Eiriksson, Lua, Almadin, Chelsea, Kean, Sarah, Dean, Erin, Malhotra, Unjali, Todd, Nicole, Fontaine, Daniel, and Bentley, James
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HUMAN papillomavirus , *INFORMATION professionals , *GYNECOLOGIC oncology , *HEALTH facilities , *MEDICAL screening , *NURSE practitioners - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence-based guidance on the management of a positive human papilloma virus (HPV) test and to provide guidance around screening and HPV testing for specific patient populations. The guideline was developed by a working group in collaboration with the Gynecologic Oncology Society of Canada (GOC), Society of Colposcopists of Canada (SCC), and the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. The literature informing these guidelines was obtained through a systematic review of relevant literature by a multi-step search process led by an information specialist. The literature was reviewed up to July 2021 with manual searches of relevant national guidelines and more recent publications. The quality of the evidence and strength of recommendations were developed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. The intended users of this guideline include primary care providers, gynecologists, colposcopists, screening programs, and healthcare facilities. The implementation of the recommendations will ensure an optimum implementation of HPV testing with a focus on the management of positive results. Recommendations for appropriate care for underserved and marginalized groups are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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8. Religion and post-migration aspirations: Ethiopian migrants in Canada.
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Goitom, Mary and Idemudia, Uwafiokun
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IMMIGRANTS , *PROFESSIONAL practice , *NOMADS , *GROUNDED theory , *TRANSCULTURAL medical care , *EXPERIENCE , *SOCIAL services , *RELIGION - Abstract
This paper explores the ways in which, as part of their settlement process, Ethiopian immigrants in Canada (1) draw on religious beliefs, practices, and communities; (2) how they employ the teachings of their faith to advance their well-being; and (3) how these practices pattern their resilience and frame how they articulate – and the methods by which they ultimately achieve – their post-migration aspirations. Findings underscore how religion fashions transnational belonging that allows them to maintain multi-stranded social relations, and how this in turn shapes, maintains, and informs their post-migratory lives. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for social work practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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9. Vulnerable, Inequitable, and Precarious: Impacts of COVID-19 on Newcomers, Immigrants, And Migrant Workers in Rural Canada.
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Helps, Louis, Silvius, Ray, and Gibson, Ryan
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MIGRANT labor , *EMIGRATION & immigration , *REFUGEES , *MIGRANT agricultural workers , *IMMIGRANTS , *FOREIGN workers , *TEMPORARY employees - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed crucial flaws in Canada's immigration systems. While the majority of newcomers to Canada reside in urban centres, a substantial minority work and live in rural areas and small towns where crucial immigrant services are far less developed and greater geographical distances hinder efforts to support immigrants. Rural immigrants face distinct challenges, including increased social isolation and economic marginalization, which have only been amplified by the pandemic. Furthermore, the inaccurate perception of immigration as an exclusively urban issue hinders efforts to combat these problems. Building on rural immigration literature, this paper examines the ways in which the pandemic has impacted rural immigrants, including newcomers, refugees, and temporary foreign workers. Findings highlighted include the difficulty of providing immigrant support services in rural areas, the vulnerability of migrant farm workers to illness and isolation, and the lack of awareness and funding for immigration issues in rural areas relative to their urban counterparts. The paper draws on journalism and academic literature from the past year into these issues. In doing so, it demonstrates the need for renewed academic, policy, and rural development practice interests in rural immigration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
10. "If You Can Just Break the Stigma Around It": LGBTQI+ Migrants' Experiences of Stigma and Mental Health.
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Haghiri-Vijeh, Roya and Clark, Nancy
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SAFETY , *CULTURE , *IMMIGRANTS , *HEALTH services accessibility , *PSYCHOLOGY of LGBTQ+ people , *RESEARCH methodology , *DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) , *MENTAL health , *SOCIAL stigma , *INTERVIEWING , *FEAR , *QUALITATIVE research , *MENTAL illness - Abstract
Migrants, that is people who experience forced displacement or move based on being lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, two-spirit, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+), experience increased trauma and stigma when compared to heterosexual and cisgender people. The aim of this paper is to highlight LGBTQI+ migrants' experiences of health and social care encounters in Canada. Gadamerian hermeneutics and an intersectionality lens was used to understand LGBTQI+ migrants' experiences. A total of 16 semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with LGBTQI+ migrants. Themes of stigma and discrimination were identified as (1) "I never went back": Stigma as an exclusionary experience, (2) "Is [your country of birth] really that bad": Fear, safety, and cultural stigma, and (3) "The circle ... is not going to fix my life": LGBTQI+ migrants' call for affirming care. Results suggest that health and social care practices are stigmatizing and discriminatory which negatively impacts LGBTQI+ migrant mental health. Salient practices for promoting mental health included affirming LGBTQI+ identities and orientations through health and social care practices that are culturally safe as well as trauma and violence informed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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11. Access to health care among racialised immigrants to Canada in later life: a theoretical and empirical synthesis.
- Author
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Lin, Shen
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RACISM , *IMMIGRANTS , *ONLINE information services , *HEALTH services accessibility , *SOCIAL determinants of health , *MINORITIES , *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *AGE distribution , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *BLACK people , *ACCULTURATION , *ECOLOGICAL research , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *MEDICAL care use , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *HEALTH behavior , *HEALTH equity , *EMPIRICAL research , *WHITE people , *MEDLINE - Abstract
Evidence that immigrants tend to be underserved by the health-care system in the hosting country is well documented. While the impacts of im/migration on health-care utilisation patterns have been addressed to some extent in the existing literature, the conventional approach tends to homogenise the experience of racialised and White immigrants, and the intersecting power axes of racialisation, immigration and old age have been largely overlooked. This paper aims to consolidate three macro theories of health/behaviours, including Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory, the World Health Organization's paradigm of social determinants of health and Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Service Use, to develop and validate an integrated multilevel framework of health-care access tailored for racialised older immigrants. Guided by this framework, a narrative review of 35 Canadian studies was conducted. Findings reveal that racial minority immigrants' vulnerability in accessing health services are intrinsically linked to a complex interplay between racial-nativity status with numerous markers of power differences. These multilevel parameters range from socio-economic challenges, cross-cultural differences, labour and capital adequacy in the health sector, organisational accessibility and sensitivity, inter-sectoral policies, to societal values and ideology as forms of oppression. This review suggests that, counteracting a prevailing discourse of personal and cultural barriers to care, the multilevel framework is useful to inform upstream structural solutions to address power imbalances and to empower racialised immigrants in later life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
- Full Text
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12. Information experiences of Bangladeshi immigrants in Canada.
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Shuva, Nafiz Zaman
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JEALOUSY , *SOCIAL status , *IMMIGRANTS , *SQUATTER settlements , *ENVY , *INFORMATION sharing , *SOCIAL networks , *SEMI-structured interviews - Abstract
Purpose: Studies on the information behaviour of immigrants including refugees across the globe show a significant dependency of immigrants on their informal networks for meeting various settlement and everyday life information needs. Although there are quite a few studies in LIS that globally report the dependency of immigrants on their personal networks, very little is known about their experiences with their informal personal networks in the contexts of their settlement in informational terms. This paper explores the information experiences of Bangladeshi immigrants in Canada consulting informal networks including broader Bangladeshi community people in pre- and post-arrival contexts. Design/methodology/approach: The study uses a mixed-method approach including semi-structured interviews (n = 60) and surveys (n = 205) with Bangladeshi immigrants who arrived in Canada between the years of 1971 and 2017. Interview data were analysed thematically, and descriptive statistics are used to describe the survey data relevant to this study. Findings: Although the overall scope of the original study is much larger, this paper features findings on the information experience derived from an analysis of the interview data with some relevant references to the survey data when deemed appropriate. This paper provides insights into the information experiences of Bangladeshi immigrants within their personal networks, including friends, family and ethnic community people. The findings of this study show that participants sometimes received discouraging, unhelpful or wrong information from their personal networks. The multiple dimensions of the information experiences of the study participants show the many consequences for their settlement lives. For some participants, settlement was particularly impacted by the concept of "information sharing fear" that emerged from the interviews. Information sharing fear relates to concerns that sharing information about the challenges faced by newcomers could be considered by potential immigrants as a kind of active "discouragement". Participants described being sensitive to charges of envy or jealousy when they shared information related to challenges newcomers face, as friends and family see them as trying to prevent competition for social status. Originality/value: The findings related to the information experiences of immigrants consulting informal networks has potential implications for research in various discipline such as LIS, migrational studies and psychology that explore the benefits of social networks in newcomers' settlement. The study also sets a ground to take a more holistic approach to the information experiences of newcomers, not just naming the sources newcomers utilize in settlement and everyday life contexts. The study also provides some future directions to comprehensively understand the culturally situated information behaviour of various immigrant groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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13. Bonding social ties: relative human capital and immigrant network choices.
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Chuatico, Georgina and Haan, Michael
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IMMIGRANTS , *ETHNIC groups , *HUMAN capital , *CULTURAL capital - Abstract
Upon migrating to a new country, immigrants will often turn to their ethnic communities for support, forming bonding social ties in the process. However, there are also those who form bridging ties by reaching outside of one's immediate ethnic group. The social position occupied by individuals in society is maintained and reproduced by the cultural and human capital they possess, wherein the socialised dispositions, conceptions, and level of education unite and differentiate social groups. As a result, immigrant network formation occurs not only on the lines of ethnicity, but also on cultural and human capital. In this paper, we use the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada to investigate how immigrants use social ties upon arrival to Canada. We find that newcomers with lower levels of human capital will be more likely to bond, whereas higher human capital newcomers will often bridge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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14. Transition to adulthood of refugee and immigrant children in Canada.
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Yoshida, Yoko and Amoyaw, Jonathan
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TRANSITION to adulthood , *IMMIGRANTS , *REFUGEES , *AGE distribution , *FAMILIES , *INTELLECT , *LABOR market , *LANGUAGE & languages , *CULTURAL pluralism , *TIME , *CHILDREN - Abstract
The majority of refugees are children and youth and their integration and life-course transitions are a research priority. This paper examines the timing of refugee children and youths' entrance into the labour market and family formation (marriage/common law union and parenthood). It does so by examining how admission category, knowledge of a host country's official languages, and age at arrival shape their transition to adulthood. Using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Immigration Database and Heckman selection estimation, the paper finds minimal variation in refugee children and youths' entry into the labour market compared to children of other immigrant streams. It also finds that refugee children and youth start forming families at a younger age than children of economic class immigrants, but at an older age than family class children. The analysis also shows limited effects of knowledge of official language prior to arrival while age at arrival has a robust impact on their adulthood transitions. These findings shed light on the unique patterns of life-course transition among refugee children and youth and contribute to a better conceptualization of their experiences relative to children and youth of other immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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15. Altering consumer practices, facing uncertainties, and seeking stability: Canadian news media framings of international retirement migrants during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
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Tate, Jessica, Crooks, Valorie A., and Snyder, Jeremy
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RETIREMENT communities , *COVID-19 pandemic , *RETIREMENT , *OLDER people , *EMIGRATION & immigration , *IMMIGRANTS , *RETURN migration - Abstract
International retirement migration involves the seasonal relocation of older adults to destinations abroad. For Canadians, this is typically done to escape winter at home in favour of warmer weather elsewhere. In this paper, we explore how Canadian newspapers chronicled the changes associated with managing the COVID‐19 pandemic in Canada, including border measures and calls to avoid non‐essential travel, and how they impacted international retirement migrants and their movements. We specifically present the findings of a framing analysis conducted of 187 newspaper articles published in 2020, identified through the Canadian Newsstream Database. The framing analysis identified three ways in which Canadian international retirement migrants were discussed in relation to the pandemic and the changed spatio‐temporal realities that affected their transnational movements. First, they are a group who altered their consumer practices, which had economic impacts at home and in their usual seasonal destinations. Second, they are a group who faced considerable uncertainty with regard to travel and movement, among other things, as the pandemic unfolded in 2020. Finally, Canadian international retirement migrants sought stability in a number of ways, both in terms of their social networks and living arrangements at home and abroad. Key Messages: The lives and seasonal movements of Canadian international retirement migrants were greatly impacted by the COVID‐19 pandemic and measures put in place to manage the spread of the virus.Newspaper coverage of Canadian international retirement migrants from 2020 framed them as altering consumer practices, facing uncertainties, and seeking stability in response.These responses form an interesting dualism because the COVID‐19 pandemic introduced both challenges and opportunities for Canadian international retirement migrants in 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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16. National origins, social context, timing of migration and the physical and mental health of Caribbeans living in and outside of Canada.
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Lacey, Krim K., Park, Jungwee, Briggs, Anthony Q., and Jackson, James S.
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DIABETES & psychology , *HYPERTENSION & psychology , *IMMIGRANTS , *EVALUATION of medical care , *HEALTH policy , *STATISTICS , *STROKE , *SELF-evaluation , *CHRONIC diseases , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *HEALTH status indicators , *EMIGRATION & immigration , *MENTAL health , *INTERVIEWING , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *CARIBBEAN people , *SOCIAL classes , *AFFECTIVE disorders , *HEALTH , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *RESEARCH funding , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) , *STATISTICAL sampling , *DATA analysis software , *ARTHRITIS , *ODDS ratio , *HEART diseases - Abstract
Objectives: Differences in health among migrant groups are related to the length of stay in host countries. We examined the health of people reporting Caribbean ethnic origins within and outside of Canada; and the possible associations between length of stay and poorer physical and mental health outcomes. Method: Analyses were conducted on population data collected in Canada (2000/2001, 2003, 2005), Jamaica (2005) and Guyana (2005). Physician-diagnosed and self-rated health measures were used to assess physical and mental health statuses. Results: Rates of chronic conditions were generally higher among people reporting Caribbean ethnic origins in Canada compared to those living in the Caribbean region. Self-rated fair or poor general health rates, however, were higher among participants in the Caribbean region. Higher rates of any mood disorders were also found among Caribbean region participants in comparison to those in Canada. Logistic regression analyses revealed that new Caribbean immigrants (less than 10 years since immigration) in Canada had better physical health than those who were more established. Those who immigrated more than 20 years ago showed consistently better health conditions than those who had immigrated between 11 and 20 years ago. This healthy immigration effect, however, was not present for all chronic conditions among all Caribbean origin migrant groups. Moreover, mood disorders were highest among new immigrants compared to older immigrants. Conclusions: When and where ethnic Caribbeans migrate to and emigrate from matters in health statuses. These results have implications for policies related to health and well-being in support of ethnic Caribbean origin individuals who relocate to Canada. The paper concludes with suggestions for future studies regarding the health of ethnic origin Caribbeans living within and outside their regions of birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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17. Fostering trust and sharing responsibility to increase access to dementia care for immigrant older adults.
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Koehn, Sharon D., Donahue, Morgan, Feldman, Fabio, and Drummond, Neil
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IMMIGRANTS , *CULTURE , *HEALTH services accessibility , *FOCUS groups , *CAREGIVERS , *MEDICAL care , *PATIENTS , *INTERVIEWING , *DEMENTIA patients , *QUALITATIVE research , *HEALTH literacy , *DEMENTIA , *CASE studies , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *TRUST - Abstract
Objectives: This paper explores the role of immigrant-serving agencies in facilitating access to dementia services and supports provided by dementia service agencies (particularly the health authority and local chapters of the Alzheimer Society) through their propensity to develop trusting relationships between staff and clients. Design: Our research is a qualitative case study of Punjabi and Korean speakers living in the Lower Mainland of BC, Canada. Data are drawn from interviews with 15 dyads of persons with dementia and their family caregivers (10 Punjabi, 5 Korean), six focus groups (one focus group with each of 8–10 older men, older women, and mixed gender working age adults in each community). We also interviewed 20 managerial and frontline staff of dementia service agencies, i.e. the health authority and the local Alzheimer Society (n = 11) and two immigrant-serving agencies (n = 9), each dedicated to either Punjabi or Korean-speaking clients. We adopted the Candidacy framework for understanding access to dementia services and supports and the concept of trust as guiding precepts in this study. Results: Families of persons with dementia are pivotal to identification of a problem requiring professional help, navigation to appropriate services and acceptance of services offered. However, trust in family members should not be taken for granted, since family dynamics are complex. Alternative sources of trusted support are therefore needed. Immigrant-serving agencies are more often instrumental in establishing trusted relationships between their staff and clients, but they often lack detailed knowledge about heath conditions, their treatment and management, and they lack power to implement statutory care. Conclusions: Partnerships between mainstream mental health/dementia services and the community sector have proven successful in increasing the accessibility of specialized resources, while maximizing their combined trustworthiness, accessibility and effectiveness. Such partnerships should become fundamental components of health service strategy and provision for vulnerable and underserved immigrant older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
- Full Text
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18. Discourses of Migration and Belonging: How Language Shapes the Return-Thinking Processes of Ethiopians in Canada.
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Goitom, Mary
- Subjects
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IMMIGRANTS , *ETHIOPIANS , *SOCIAL belonging , *INTENTION , *CULTURAL pluralism , *CULTURAL identity , *TRANSNATIONALISM , *SOCIOLINGUISTICS - Abstract
This study examined how 15 Ethiopian-Canadian immigrants define and express their post-migration intentions. Specifically, this paper explores how the linguistic and cultural features embedded in language inform their return-thinking process. This paper contributes to emerging scholarship that expands the dominant conceptualization of language and migration to include a focus on how language becomes integral to the experience of migration through beliefs and value systems. Particularly, this paper argues that it is essential to recognize the multifaceted nature of migration, language, identity, and transnationalism and to recognize how migrants' agency in straddling two distinct societies shapes their return-thinking process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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19. Active learning for active ageing: Chinese senior immigrants' lifelong learning in Canada.
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Zhu, Yidan and Zhang, Weiguo
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LEARNING assessment , *AGING , *PSYCHOLOGY , *CHINESE people , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *CONTINUING education , *CULTURE , *HEALTH , *HISTORY , *IMMIGRANTS , *INTERVIEWING , *LANGUAGE & languages , *LEISURE , *TEACHING aids , *PATIENT participation - Abstract
This paper explores the intersection between migration, aging and lifelong learning with the aim of expanding our understanding of how lifelong learning enhances older migrants' active aging in a foreign land. Our study also offers insights into the learning activities of older immigrants in general. In 2002, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed a conceptual framework of active aging, which has greatly influenced aging policies and seniors' everyday practices. Yet, there is a paucity of research that explicates and fully integrates lifelong learning into active aging discourse, and focuses on senior immigrants' lifelong learning in an aging society. Based on interviews, textual materials, and participatory observation in five Chinese seniors' immigrant associations in Toronto, we explore how Chinese senior immigrants' learning has been (re)shaped and practised through re-settling in Canadian society. Five categories of learning are explored, including a) learning language and computer skills, b) learning culture and history, c) learning civic engagement, d) learning leisure, and e) learning health. We argue that 'active learning' can be used as a dynamic conceptual framework that interacts with active aging theory, demonstrating how senior immigrants actively participate in the lifelong learning project for participation and integration in Canada. This paper provides insights to the understanding of culturally sensitive policy-making on integration, health, and lifelong learning of older immigrants in Canada and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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20. Learning about immigrant and migrant readers, transforming libraries: Spanishspeaking readers in North America.
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Dali, Keren
- Subjects
- *
LIBRARY public services , *SPECIAL libraries , *COMMUNITIES , *IMMIGRANTS , *RETURN migration , *PUBLIC libraries , *COMMUNITY involvement - Abstract
Drawing on data from the qualitative survey study of avid immigrant and migrant Spanish-speaking readers residing in Canada and the U.S., this paper looks at their use of libraries, specifically, in the context of leisure reading. Acknowledging a gap in current research on Spanish-speaking immigrants/migrants, the study focuses on avid lifelong readers rather than information seekers; achieves an understanding of their reading practices and interactions with libraries in the context of their pre-migration experiences; and highlights readers’ suggestions for the improvement of collections, spaces, services, and community engagement. Practical suggestions are made for public, academic, and special libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Moral panic and governance in public policy: Canadian immigration policy, the city of Edmonton resolution and Blacks, 1906–1911.
- Author
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Puplampu, Korbla P.
- Subjects
- *
MORAL panics , *IMMIGRANTS , *IMMIGRANT resettlement services , *BLACK Canadians , *GOVERNMENT policy , *EMIGRATION & immigration - Abstract
In 1911, the city of Edmonton passed a resolution against the settlement of Negroes (read as Blacks). Given the Canadian federal government's mandate in immigration policy, the Edmonton resolution is only significant relative to the federal immigration acts of 1906 and 1910. This study, based on archival and other data sources, examines the influence of moral panic and governance in the resolution and immigration policy. The paper argues that state and non-state actors, outlined and pursued official and unofficial policies and practices to regulate the immigration of Blacks into Canada and offers a useful context for understanding Canadian immigration policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. 'We are all women here in Canada': Intimate bargains in WASH spaces.
- Author
-
Nunbogu, Abraham Marshall, Elliott, Susan J., and Walton-Roberts, Margaret
- Subjects
- *
IMMIGRANTS , *SAFETY , *HEALTH policy , *SANITATION , *HYGIENE , *WATER supply , *SEX distribution - Abstract
In many parts of the world access to adequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) is entwined with gender relations. While there is emerging research on how gender relations intersect with socio-cultural practices and norms to produce gender-based violence in WASH, little is known about how these gender relations are intimately produced, reproduced and embodied in place. Drawing insights from feminist political ecology and gendered geographies of power, this paper uses retrospective narratives of Ghanaian migrants in Canada to advance this scholarship in three significant ways. First, the findings demonstrate how gender relations in WASH produce everyday vulnerabilities differently among women and men. Second, they highlight the complex ways women bargain with patriarchal structures to ensure their safety in WASH spaces. Finally, the findings show how gender relations and roles in WASH transform in transnational spaces in which gendered WASH roles and responsibilities are blurred. The findings draw policy attention to the interconnectedness of WASH and gender equality and the need for policy and practice change to advance gender equity in WASH. • Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) security is entwined with gender relations. • Gender relations intersect with socio-cultural practices and norms to (re)produce gender-based violence in WASH. • Women bargain with patriarchal structures to ensure their safety in WASH spaces. • Gender relations and roles in WASH are reconstituted across space and time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Language proficiency and sociocultural integration of Canadian newcomers.
- Author
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Nakhaie, Reza
- Subjects
- *
COMMUNICATIVE competence , *CULTURE , *ETHNOPSYCHOLOGY , *HOSPITAL medical staff , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *INTERNSHIP programs , *SOCIAL integration , *SOCIAL networks - Abstract
This paper evaluates the sociocultural integration of newcomers, paying special attention to language proficiency while taking into account the importance of the assimilation, cultural fit, and social network perspectives. Analyses are based on administrative data collected by the YMCA of South Western Ontario regarding 2,493 of their clients. Results reveal that newcomers' length of residency, ethnic origin, and social networks play a significant role in the sociocultural integration of newcomers. The longer the newcomers have resided in Canada, the higher their level of sociocultural integration. Non-Europeans displayed a lower level of sociocultural integration than Europeans. However, the most important predictor of sociocultural integration was language proficiency. Not only did language proficiency have a strong and independent effect, but it also tended to level out differences in sociocultural integration of those who had resided in Canada for a short period compared to those living in Canada for a longer period. Similarly, language proficiency decreased sociocultural integration differences between Europeans and ethnic minority newcomers. The policy implications of the results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. The Causes of Voting and Turnout for the 2002 Aboriginal Treaty Negotiations Referendum in British Columbia, Canada.
- Author
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Fetzer, Joel S.
- Subjects
- *
VOTING , *VOTER turnout , *INDIGENOUS peoples , *IMMIGRANTS - Abstract
Although indigenous peoples constitute one of the most socially, economically, and politically marginalized groups in the world, few quantitative social scientists have studied public attitudes toward this ethnicity in Canada or the world. We are not sure, for example, whether mass-level views toward First Nations are caused by the same factors that determine Canadians' opinions toward immigrants or Visible Minorities in general. To help answer this question, the paper investigates why ordinary British Columbians decided 1. to vote in; and 2. to vote "yes" on the controversial 2002 Aboriginal Treaty Negotiations Referendum. I first set the Referendum in the electoral and negotiation dynamics of the time by relying on archival research and personal interviews with such key figures as Premier Gordon Campbell, Attorney General Geoff Plant, and leading First Nations Treaty Negotiators. The essay next examines the theoretical literature on attitudes toward ethnic minorities in the abstract, which suggests that support for the measure might have been rooted in economic self-interest (e.g., income, occupation, employment status, and region), identity politics (e.g., ethnic, religious, or gender identification), education, partisanship, or age. To evaluate these hypotheses, the paper examines data from the April 2002 BC Reid Express Poll as well as official census and voting results. Cross-tabulations of the Reid Poll and Gary King-method, R x C ecological analysis of the election statistics indicate that identity politics, regional selfinterest, and education primarily motivated British Columbians' responses to the 2002 Aboriginal Treaty Negotiations Referendum. Purely individual economic circumstances, on the other hand, do not seem to have played a role. More broadly, these findings suggest that the roots of non-indigenous Canadians' views on First Nations are similar to the determinants of attitudes toward minorities in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
25. The ‘[h]unt for new Canadians begins in the classroom ’: the construction and contradictions of Canadian policy discourse on international education.
- Author
-
Trilokekar, Roopa Desai and El Masri, Amira
- Subjects
- *
FOREIGN study , *FOREIGN students , *IMMIGRANTS , *EDUCATION , *EDUCATION policy , *CLASSROOM activities , *HIGHER education - Abstract
In Canada’s first-ever strategy, international education (IE) is linked to immigration policy with international students (IS) recruited as ‘ideal’ immigrants. This paper engages in policy sociology and Ball's concepts of 'policy as text' and 'policy as discourse' (10). It follows three stages of critical policy discourse analysis. The first a simple tally of the most commonly used words/phrases in the Strategy; the second analyses it using Van Leeuwen’s framework and the third presents results from a study on the perception and experiences of IS, exposing the gap between policy rhetoric and practice. The paper concludes that critical discourse analysis is a powerful tool to uncover policy values/ideologies, identify legitimation strategies and reveal perpetuation of power relations/status quo within Canadian society. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. A View of COVID-19 from 30,000 Feet.
- Author
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Rampure, Archana
- Subjects
- *
COVID-19 , *NEOLIBERALISM , *IMMIGRANTS , *REFUGEES , *MALNUTRITION - Abstract
This article considers the disparities in the responses to COVID-19 between Canada and some countries in the Global South. It is an attempt to consider how the impacts of the pandemic--lockdown and quarantines--are experienced differently based on the economic circumstances of the Global South versus the Global North. This short paper underlines how COVID-19 is narratively framed as a pandemic primarily because it has the ability to impact people in the Global North; it highlights the fact that endemic (and easily curable) diseases are common in the Global South but rarely receive such global attention and never have such resources made available to fight them. The author asks readers to consider the cost of the fight against COVID-19 on populations like the urban poor and migrants and refugees who are already vulnerable to mistreatment, hunger, malnutrition and death because of their precariousness within the neo-liberal global order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Far‐Right Framing Processes on Social Media: The Case of the Canadian and Quebec Chapters of Soldiers of Odin.
- Author
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Gagnon, Audrey
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL media , *MULTICULTURALISM , *IMMIGRANTS ,CANADIAN politics & government - Abstract
In recent years, Canada has witnessed an increase in visibility of far‐right groups and activities. This phenomenon is particularly interesting as it contrasts with the broader Canadian context of acceptance of immigrants and support for multiculturalism. How do far‐right groups represent themselves and their claims to the public considering the dominant discursive environment in which they operate? Moreover, are far‐right groups' discourse and rhetoric marked by contextual differences? This paper analyzes the way the distinct Canadian and Quebec chapters of the vigilante group Soldiers of Odin (SOO) use their public Facebook pages, comparatively. This research demonstrates that both SOO chapters negotiate their self‐representation by employing cultural elements that are salient and meaningful in their respective sociopolitical contexts and that can be exploited to infer motivations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. La política migratoria canadiense en la era de Justin Trudeau y sus efectos para los migrantes mexicanos.
- Author
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Vere, Mónica
- Subjects
- *
TEMPORARY employees , *AGRICULTURAL laborers , *IMMIGRANTS , *FAMILY reunification , *IMMIGRATION policy - Abstract
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has displayed a change of attitude on migration, one radically opposite to that of his predecessor Harper, by establishing a policy of greater openness for the reception of immigrants and which constitutes the pillar of his political agenda. Consequently, the immigration system has improved in order to admit a greater number of immigrants, temporary workers and students; it has also established necessary measures to reduce processing times, as well as to improve family reunification, among other initiatives. Mexicans have played a preponderant role as temporary agricultural workers and, in absolute terms, they have gradually increased their participation as immigrants, temporary workers and students in recent years. This paper aims at describing the effects that Trudeau's immigration policy has had migrant population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Understanding the Lived Experiences and Financial Realities of Older Immigrants.
- Author
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Ferrer, Ilyan, Lee, Yeonjung, and Khan, Mohammad N.
- Subjects
- *
IMMIGRANTS , *FINANCIAL literacy , *HISTORY of labor , *GENDER , *EMIGRATION & immigration - Abstract
This article describes a small-scale photovoice study examining the financial literacy of older immigrants in Canada. Older immigrants experience multiple forms of financial exclusion rooted in the intersections between age, race, gender, immigration, and labour history. While the existing literature notes how immigrants are more likely to be unbanked because of structural barriers such as inaccessible services and language barriers, few studies have explored how older immigrants discuss their experiences and financial conditions. Using a photovoice methodology, this paper explores the experiences of financial literacy among older immigrants in Calgary, Alberta through in-depth interviews and photographs taken by participants. We discuss the lived experiences and financial realities among older immigrants, how they perceive challenges to financial literacy as well as coping strategies. Themes focus on the ways in which histories of immigration and labour impact their financial security in later life. Photographs generated offer service providers and policy makers opportunities to think about and engage in interventions that better tackle issues of financial insecurity and inequality among older immigrants. Cet article décrit une étude à petite échelle des images parlantes examinant la littératie financière des immigrants aînés au Canada. Les immigrants aînés subissent de multiples formes d'exclusion financière enracinées dans les croisements entre l'âge, la race, l'immigration et les antécédents professionnels. Alors que la littérature existante démontre également comment les immigrants sont plus susceptibles d'être dispersés en raison de nombreux obstacles structurels tels que des services inaccessibles et des barrières linguistiques, peu d'études ont exploré comment les immigrants discutent de leurs expériences et de leurs conditions financières. À l'aide d'une méthodologie fondée sur des images parlantes, cet article explore les expériences de littératie financière chez les immigrants aînés de Calgary, en Alberta, au moyen d'entrevues approfondies et de photographies prises par les participants. Nous parlons des expériences vécues et des réalités financières des immigrants aînés, de la façon dont ils perçoivent les défis à la littératie financière ainsi que des stratégies d'adaptation. Les thèmes se concentrent sur la façon dont les histoires d'immigration et de travail ont un impact sur leur sécurité financière plus tard dans la vie. Les photographies pourvues offrent aux prestataires de services la possibilité de réfléchir et de s'engager dans des interventions qui abordent mieux les problèmes d'insécurité financière et d'inégalité parmi les immigrants aînés. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Childhood Adversity and Psychosocial Health Outcomes in Later Life Among Immigrants in Canada.
- Author
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Kuuire, Vincent Z.
- Subjects
- *
CHI-squared test , *CHILD abuse , *STATISTICAL correlation , *PSYCHOLOGY of immigrants , *RESEARCH methodology , *MENTAL health , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *STATISTICS , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *WELL-being , *CROSS-sectional method , *DATA analysis software , *INFERENTIAL statistics , *ADVERSE childhood experiences - Abstract
Childhood adversity is known to have an enduring effect on health outcomes of victims. The objective of the study was to examine the association between childhood adversity and psychosocial health outcomes among immigrants in Canada. Using descriptive and inferential statistics and fitting negative loglog regression models to the 2014 General Social Survey, the paper examined the relationship between experience of childhood adversity (i.e. physical and sexual abuse before age 15) and its association with psychosocial health outcomes (i.e. psychological-mental condition and self-rated mental health) among immigrants in Canada. After accounting for relevant socioeconomic and demographic factors, the results show that physical abuse during childhood resulted in 29% and 31% increased likelihood of having a psychological mental condition and poor self-rated mental health, respectively. Also, sexual abuse during childhood was associated with 28% increased likelihood of poor self-rated mental health. In conclusion, the findings show that experience of physical and sexual abuse during childhood is associated with negative mental health outcomes in later life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Influences on mental health and health services accessibility in immigrant women with post‐partum depression: An interpretive descriptive study.
- Author
-
Ganann, Rebecca, Sword, Wendy, Newbold, K. Bruce, Thabane, Lehana, Armour, Leigh, and Kint, Bernadette
- Subjects
- *
IMMIGRANTS , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *CONTENT analysis , *EMOTIONS , *HEALTH services accessibility , *INTERVIEWING , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL needs assessment , *MENTAL health , *MENTAL health services , *MOTHERS , *NURSES , *POSTPARTUM depression , *PSYCHIATRIC nursing , *QUALITATIVE research , *OCCUPATIONAL roles , *THEMATIC analysis , *CULTURAL competence , *ATTITUDES of mothers , *HEALTH & social status , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Accessible Summary: What is known about the subject?: Immigrant women in Canada are at greater risk for post‐partum depression (PPD) than native‐born women.Immigrant women are less likely to have their care needs met as they face multiple barriers to care at both individual and system levels.To date, most PPD research has focused on individual barriers to care, with limited research examining organizational and system level barriers and the uniqueness of immigrant women's post‐partum health experiences. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: This study provides unique insights into immigrant women's perceptions of what influences their post‐partum mental health and ability to access services for PPD.Factors contributing to immigrant women's PPD included several social determinants of health, particularly a lack of social support and limited knowledge about PPD and available services.Most helpful services acknowledge women's concerns, build trust, enact cultural competence and help with system navigation.Assessment approaches and organizational wait times created barriers to accessing care. What are the implications for practice?: Relationship building by providers is foundational to effective care for immigrant women with PPD.Findings highlight the need for mental health practitioners to improve cultural competence when working with diverse ethno‐cultural communities and for more effective assistance with system navigation, service integration and timely, flexible and accessible services.Findings have implications for the development of healthy public policy to address perinatal mental health issues amongst immigrant women. Introduction: Immigrant women in Canada are at greater risk for post‐partum depression (PPD) than native‐born women yet face multiple barriers to care at individual and system levels. Aim: To explore factors that contribute to PPD and health service accessibility, and the role of health services in supporting immigrant women with PPD. Methods: A qualitative interpretive descriptive design was used. Individual interviews were conducted with 11 immigrant women who had delivered a baby within the previous year and had experienced PPD. Inductive thematic content analysis was conducted. Results: Factors contributing to immigrant women's PPD included several social health determinants. Services were most helpful and accessible when providers acknowledged women's concerns, allowed time to build trust, provided culturally competent care and helped with navigating services. Assessment approaches and organizational wait times created barriers to care. Discussion: Immigrant women with PPD see relationship building by providers as foundational to providing effective support, enhancing coping and facilitating access to services. Improved communication with diverse ethno‐cultural communities and assistance with system navigation, service integration and timely, accessible services are needed. Implications for Practice: Findings can inform health service delivery models and the development of healthy public policy to address perinatal mental health issues amongst immigrant women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Canadian newcomer children's bone health and vitamin D status.
- Author
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Lane, Ginny, Nisbet, Christine, Whiting, Susan J., and Vatanparast, Hassan
- Subjects
- *
REFUGEES , *BODY composition , *DIETARY calcium , *COMPARATIVE studies , *FOOD habits , *HEALTH behavior , *IMMIGRANTS , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL screening , *MINORITIES , *VITAMIN D , *VITAMIN D deficiency , *QUALITATIVE research , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *BONE density , *BODY mass index , *CROSS-sectional method , *HEALTH literacy , *EARLY medical intervention , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *NUTRITIONAL status , *CHILDREN - Abstract
Adequate calcium intake and supply of vitamin D during childhood play important roles in ensuring adequate bone mass gain to achieve optimal peak bone mass. The Healthy Immigrant Children study employed a mixed-method cross-sectional study design to characterize the health and nutritional status of 300 immigrant and refugee children aged 3–13 years who had been in Canada for less than 5 years. This paper presents bone mineral content and vitamin D status data along with qualitative data that deepen the understanding of newcomer bone health status. A significantly higher percentage of refugee children (72.3%) had insufficient (<50 nmol/L) or deficient (<30 nmol/L) serum vitamin D compared with immigrants (53.2%). Vitamin D deficiency was most common among ethnic minority girls. Newcomer children with higher intakes of vitamin D, younger newcomer children, and those from western Europe or the United States had higher serum vitamin D levels. Immigrants had significantly higher mean total body bone mineral content compared with refugees. Total body fat, serum vitamin D, calcium intake, height, height by calcium intake, total body fat by calcium intake, and total body fat by height predicted total body bone mineral content levels. Vitamin D deficiency among newcomer children may be related to lack of knowledge regarding children's vitamin D requirements in the Canadian environment, dietary habits established in country of origin, low income that limits healthy dietary choices, and lifestyle habits that limit exposure to sunlight. Results suggest a need to screen newcomer children and pregnant women for vitamin D deficiency and support early intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Sexuality and everydayness in a transnational context: toward a re-imagined West-China relationship?
- Author
-
Huang, Yingying
- Subjects
- *
IMMIGRANTS , *CHINESE people , *SEX customs , *HIV infection risk factors , *SEXUAL attraction , *HEALTH attitudes , *HOMOSEXUALITY , *PSYCHOLOGY of immigrants , *INTERPERSONAL relations , *HUMAN sexuality , *ETHNOLOGY research , *QUALITATIVE research - Abstract
This paper examines how Chinese immigrants to Canada perceive and experience sexuality in a transnational context as revealed in a qualitative study. It identifies cultural interactions and tensions between ‘the West’ and ‘China’ embedded in participants’ sexual narratives. Three thematic aspects of sexuality are explored: different views toward ‘relationships’ and how sex is involved in different stages of a relationship; physical desire and sexual attraction based on individuals’ dialogues with contemporaries and their own cross-racial dating experience; and perceptions of sexual risks associated with an increasing awareness of China’s opening up, in particular risks associated with attitudes towards condom use. The paper also discusses how such sexual narratives challenge dichotomous imaginings of ‘sexual openness/conservativeness’ in the West-China relationship. Findings help us to better understanding how Chinese immigrants to Canada view the West through the lens of sexuality, and how their transnational experiences have challenge the West-China dichotomy in the sexual imagination and shape understandings of sexual risk. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Two Sides of the Same Coin?Measuring Public Support and Opposition of Immigration inCanada.
- Author
-
Fortin, Jessica and Loewen, Peter John
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC support , *EMIGRATION & immigration , *PROBITS , *LOGITS , *IMMIGRANTS - Abstract
Our paper examines public opinion towards the restriction or expansion of immigration in Canada, using data from the 2000 Canadian Election Study (CES). The paper is largely modeled on Citrin, et al (1997)’s Public Opinion Towards Immigration Reform: The Role of Economic Motivations, though we make a methodological improvement that increases both the confidence of our results and our understanding of what drives not only opposition to immigration, but also support for more immigration. Our methodological improvement is simple. Rather than using an ordered probit, we choose to use a multinomial logit. Because our three choices are exhaustive, we do not have to consider the irrelevance of independent alternatives. Thus, we can harness the principal advantage of the multinomial logit; namely, the independent measurement of the effect of each variable on each outcome. Our model includes approximately 1200 respondents. As best possible, we follow the model of Citrin et al. and include a battery of individual demographic factors, constituency level data of immigrants as a percentage of the population, and attitudinal factors. Our initial results find that economic insecurity, negative feelings towards major immigrant groups, and negative retrospective economic evaluations are the principal factors causing opposition to immigration. This last significant result contradicts the American findings of Citrin et al. according to which personal economic circumstances play little role in opinion formation. In addition to challenging their main finding in regards to restriction, we generate a number of findings on the factors influencing support for increased immigration. Most importantly, we demonstrate that these factors are not entirely symmetrical with the factors influencing support for decrease in immigration levels. Indeed, we find that national economic evaluations have little effect on support for increased immigration. Furthermore, we find that ideological placements farther away from the centre (in either direction) positively predict support for increased immigration, net all other factors. Therefore our results demonstrate the value of employing a multinomial logit instead of an ordered probit in understanding public opinion towards immigration expansion or restriction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Obligations and Expectations: Perceived Relationship between Transnational Housing Investment and Housing Consumption Decisions among Ghanaian Immigrants in Canada.
- Author
-
Kuuire, Vincent Z., Arku, Godwin, Luginaah, Isaac, Buzzelli, Michael, and Abada, Teresa
- Subjects
- *
GHANAIAN Americans , *HOME ownership , *TRANSNATIONALISM , *IMMIGRANTS , *HOUSING policy - Abstract
Transnational housing investment is a pervasive practice among many migrant groups residing in various destination countries; including Ghanaian migrants living in Canada. For many, the need to engage in transnational housing investment is beyond the standard rationale and has two prime significance; symbolic and practical utility. Engagement in this endeavour requires substantial financial commitments over extensive periods of time with potential consequences for various aspects of immigrants’ lives in their destination areas including their housing consumption. This paper examines perceived influence of such long-term commitments on housing consumption decisions among Ghanaian immigrants in the Greater Toronto Area using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The findings show that although engagement in transnational housing is associated with constraints on immigrants’ decision to enter homeownership, type of dwelling to rent and the neighbourhood choices, it was also associated with a sense of pride, success and integration into Canadian society. The paper concludes that a broader theoretical discussion of housing integration is necessary. Specifically, it calls for a redefinition of the measures of immigrant housing integration in particular – which narrowly considers destination parameters – to one that includes transnational factors as critical in moving the debate on understanding immigrant integration in general. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Racialization, Silences and the Negotiation of Power Within Child Welfare Institutions in Ontario.
- Author
-
KIKULWE, DANIEL
- Subjects
- *
CHILD welfare , *CHILD welfare workers , *RACIALIZATION , *SOCIAL workers , *IMMIGRANTS , *POWER (Social sciences) ,RACE relations in Canada - Abstract
This paper examines the employment experiences of racialized social workers, many of whom were immigrants, in Ontario in recent years. This article has four central objectives. First, to provide an overview of the perceptions of racialized social workers regarding the ways they are perceived and treated by supervisors, co-workers, other professionals, as well as clients and the effect that such views and treatment has on them. Second, the perceptions of racialized workers regarding the ghettoization, marginalization and disempowerment they may experience in the workplace. Third, to explain three strategies they use in managing power relations within the workplace (i.e., conformity, collaboration, and conflict). Fourth, to provide some suggestions on what must be done to improve the perceptions and treatment of racialized social workers by supervisors, co-workers, other professionals and clients. The major findings are that negotiating power relations is a complex process and includes experiences of tensions and awkward silences due to the sensitivity of the topic of race. The paper concludes that in moving forward constructively it is imperative to engage in difficult but crucial conversations that can contribute to the identification of ways to address tensions and awkward silences on matters of race in the context of social work, as well as in other contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. ‘Not everyone can be a Gandhi’: South Asian-trained doctors immigrating to Canada, c. 1961–1971.
- Author
-
Wright, David and Mullally, Sasha
- Subjects
- *
HISTORY of emigration & immigration , *IMMIGRANTS , *ASIANS , *ACCULTURATION , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *INTERVIEWING , *FOREIGN medical personnel , *MEDICAL practice , *RACE , *REFLECTION (Philosophy) , *QUALITATIVE research , *QUANTITATIVE research , *NARRATIVES - Abstract
Objectives. This paper will explore the social history of the transnational migration of foreign-trained doctors to western countries in the post-WWII era, by examining, as a case study, South Asian-trained doctors who were first licensed in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia between 1961 and 1971.Design. This article draws on both quantitative and qualitative primary sources. First, we analyzed the 1966 and 1971 copies of the Canadian Medical Directories (CMD), the annual compendium of all licensed practitioners in the country (over 20,000 practitioners). These CMD entries were supplemented by the annual returns of ‘intended occupation’ (those designated as ‘physician’ or ‘surgeon’) of landed immigrants to Canada, as compiled by the federal Department of Manpower and Immigration. Secondly, we analyzed testimony of 26 oral histories and narrative accounts of foreign-trained doctors being compiled as part of an ongoing multiyear program of research on the immigration of foreign-trained doctors to Canada. We have interviewed 14 doctors who, at one point in their career, practiced in Nova Scotia, 8 of whom were South Asian-trained medical practitioners. These oral interviews provide personal reflections on the process of professional and social acculturation that occurred as these foreign doctors settled in Canada.Results.The results of this paper indicate that the social history of the immigration of South Asian-trained doctors to Canada in the 1960s must be seen within a larger and more complicated pattern of the international migration of health care professionals. Indeed, the demand for foreign-trained doctors in Britain was in part a reflection of the out-migration of British-born doctors who were leaving the National Health Service for Canada, the USA, and Australia. And the demand in Canada for doctors was itself a reaction to the drift of a certain number of Canadian-trained doctors for advanced training in the USA.Conclusions. In this way, this article sheds important historical perspectives on the globalization of health human resources and the complicated, multiple migrations that continue to animate international health human resources today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. LANGUAGE POLICY OF CANADA TOWARDS IMMIGRATS IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION.
- Author
-
Maximova, Olga B.
- Subjects
- *
LANGUAGE policy , *GLOBALIZATION , *MULTILINGUALISM , *IMMIGRANTS ,BILINGUALISM ability testing - Abstract
The paper explores how the implications of globalization and the reaction to global challenges are represented in language policy and planning of Canada towards immigrants. The political, cultural and language situation facing the "challenge of globalization" is studied. Language policy and planning in Canada is analyzed as a response to this challenge. As a result, a complete and detailed picture of the linguistic dimension of globalization emerges. The research objectives include the analysis of language policy in Canada, its patterns, and main tools with special emphasis on the links between the language situation and immigration patterns. Language policy towards immigrants is regarded as an issue of topical significance as immigrants provide a considerable part of Canada's population increase with growing rates. The hypothesis of the study is that changing immigration patterns to Canada may lead to the change in the language situation of the country. The research methodology included theoretical analysis and systematization of government documents, statistical data, analytical materials and Internet sites. In the course of the study the influence of immigrants on the language situation in Canada has been analyzed. The results of the analysis show that the language situation of Canada can be described by growing multilingualism and multiculturalism. The conclusion is made that a new type of bilingualism, different from traditional Anglo-French bilingualism, is emerging in Canada. The new bilingualism is considered to be one of the most important results of the language policy aimed at preserving linguistic diversity of Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The Earnings of Immigrant and Native-Born Men in Canada: The Role of Social Networks and Social Capital.
- Author
-
Majerski, Maria M.
- Subjects
- *
IMMIGRANTS , *SOCIAL networks , *SOCIAL capital , *EXCLAVES , *EMPLOYMENT - Abstract
Using data from the Canadian General Social Survey (2008), this study considers the role of social networks in immigrants' earnings. Despite higher levels of education, immigrants continue to earn less than native-born Canadians. This paper shows that social network characteristics are associated with earnings net of the effects of human capital and visible minority status. Social networks are important for understanding immigrants' earnings both as a direct cause of employment disadvantages and as a force that exacerbates the disadvantages that immigrants face due to racial discrimination, a lack of proficiency in Canada's official languages, and/or discrepancies over foreign credentials. While most current data on immigrant networks is limited to specific ethnic groups, cities, and/or occupations, the present study contributes to scholarship by generalizing data to all immigrants in Canada. This study also expands the temporal scope by comparing immigrants who arrived in the 2000s, 1990s, and earlier. Future research and public policy should put greater emphasis on the role of social networks in the economic integration of new immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Searching for belonging and confronting exclusion: a person-centred approach to immigrant settlement experiences in Canada.
- Author
-
George, Glynis and Selimos, Erwin Dimitri
- Subjects
- *
IMMIGRANTS , *GROUP identity , *IDENTITY (Psychology) , *ANTHROPOLOGY , *EMIGRATION & immigration - Abstract
Drawing on an analysis of three immigrant narratives, this paper employs a person-centred approach to immigrant integration in Canada. It examines how immigrants interpret the inclusions/exclusions that mark their integration experience and the consequences these experiences have on their social identities and sense of belonging. Analysis demonstrates that for immigrants a sense of belonging does not grow in a linear fashion; rather, it grows, stalls, dissipates and/or flourishes in relation to the ties and identifications that immigrants are enabled to forge. Broader structural and historical forces prefigure immigrant inclusion and exclusion in Canada in ways that reflect a hierarchy of migration and belonging. We argue that a recognition of Canada's 'hierarchies of belonging' and the multidimensional nature of social inclusion/exclusion complicate integration metaphors that flatten the uneven social terrain of immigrant belonging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. The World of an Irish Merchant Migrant to the Canadas, 1830–43: The Memoir of David Blair Little.
- Author
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Byrne, Angela
- Subjects
- *
IMMIGRANTS , *IRISH Canadians , *MEMOIRS - Abstract
In May 1830, a previously unknown Ulster merchant left Derry on a ship bound for Canada. In this paper I identify him as David Blair Little. Of a prominent merchant family, Little was educated and well-read, a characteristic of those who left Ireland prior to the 'Great Famine'. This article analyses his self-positioning in relation to other Irish migrants in Canada and the self-differentiating strategies employed in his memoir. The article also disentangles Little's engagement with and borrowings from popular travel accounts of the Canadas and considers their influences on his experiences. His engagement with contemporary literature and popular science illuminates the intellectual life of the middling-sort merchant class in Ulster in the first part of the nineteenth century, an important constituency of the pre-Famine Irish migrant population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The Nepali-Canadian Living Standards Survey: Newcomer Incorporation in the Greater Toronto Area.
- Author
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O'Neill, Tom, Makaju, Uttam, Shrestha, Rinjan, Tamrakar, Naresh, Shrestha, Bimal M., and Sthapit, Birendra Ratna
- Subjects
- *
IMMIGRANTS , *HUMAN capital , *LABOR market , *MIDDLE class , *POPULATION - Abstract
The Nepali-Canadian Living Standards Survey is collaborative research that assesses the economic and social incorporation of newly immigrated Nepalese into Canada. The study is based on survey interviews with sixty-two Nepali households in the Greater Toronto Area, conducted between November 2015 and April 2016. In this paper, we show that those who have immigrated from Nepal since 2012 are still struggling to find work commensurate with their expectations and their overall high human capital. The persistence of single income families, and a lack of female participation in the labour force, appear to be factors in this struggle. Those who have migrated earlier, however, report that they are more firmly anchored, both economically and socially, in the Canadian middle class, even though they continue to lag behind the native-born population. Both groups reported a high degree of investment in their children's education. The study suggests that policy makers find resources for retraining current immigrants who are attempting to secure better employment, including provisions for early childcare. Finally, Nepali-Canadian voluntary organizations are encouraged to pursue these same goals, both with levels of government and with each other. Le sondage népalais sur les niveaux de vie au Canada est une recherche collaborative qui évalue l'incorporation économique et sociale des Népalais nouvellement immigrés au Canada. L'étude est basée sur des entrevues menées entre novembre 2015 et avril 2016 auprès de soixante-deux ménages népalais dans la région de Toronto et ses environs. Nous démontrons dans cet article que, ceux qui ont immigré du Népal depuis 2012 se déploient encore pour trouver un travail à la hauteur de leurs attentes malgré leur capital humain généralement élevé. La persistance des familles à revenu unique et le manque de participation féminine sur le marché du travail semblent être un facteur dans ce combat de survie. Cependant, ceux qui ont immigré plus tôt affirment qu'ils sont plus solidement intégrés, tant sur le plan économique que social, dans la classe moyenne canadienne, même s'ils continuent d'être à la traîne par rapport à la population née au pays. Les deux groupes ont signalé un fort degré d'investissement dans l'éducation de leurs enfants. L'étude suggère que les décideurs trouvent des ressources pour la reconversion des immigrants actuels qui cherchent à obtenir un meilleur emploi, y compris des dispositions pour la garde des jeunes enfants. Enfin, les organisations bénévoles népalaises et canadiennes sont encouragées à poursuivre ces mêmes objectifs, à la fois avec les gouvernements et entre eux-mêmes. [End Page 69] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Transnationalism, parenting, and child disciplinary practices of African immigrants in Alberta, Canada.
- Author
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Alaazi, Dominic A., Salami, Bukola, Yohani, Sophie, Vallianatos, Helen, Okeke-Ihejirika, Philomina, and Nsaliwa, Christina
- Subjects
- *
DISCIPLINE of children , *PUBLIC health , *PARENTING & psychology , *AFRICANS , *IMMIGRANTS , *TRANSNATIONALISM - Abstract
Abstract Child discipline remains a topic of public health interest across the globe. Despite this enduring interest, very little is known about the child disciplinary practices of African immigrants in Canada. This paper explores the disciplinary practices of African immigrant parents in Alberta, a Canadian province with a recent surge in the population of African immigrants. Employing a critical ethnographic methodology, informed by transnational theory, we collected data through in-depth qualitative interviews with a purposive sample of African community leaders (n = 14), African immigrant parents (n = 32), policymakers (n = 2), and health and immigrant settlement workers (n = 10). As members of the African immigrant community, we were deeply immersed in the research settings, which afforded us the opportunity to collect pertinent observational data in the form of reflexive notes. Thematic analysis of the data revealed child disciplinary approaches that incorporate Canadian and African parenting practices, as well as practices that appear somewhat unique to this demographic. We found that African immigrant parents used corporal discipline, persuasive discipline, and a hybrid of the two, as well as emerging practices involving transnational fostering and emotional isolation of children who persistently misbehaved. These practices, in their totality, appeared to be influenced by the transnational experiences of parents and precepts that are traceable to Canada's legal and educational systems. We present theoretical, policy, and service implications of our findings, including a recommendation to incorporate sociocultural dimensions of child discipline into Canadian child welfare policies and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Responding to the Structural Violence of Migrant Domestic Work: Insights from Participatory Action Research with Migrant Caregivers in Canada.
- Author
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Bhuyan, Rupaleem, Valmadrid, Lorraine, Panlaqui, Esel Laxa, Pendon, Novabella L., and Juan, Pearlita
- Subjects
- *
IMMIGRANTS , *ACTION research , *PSYCHOLOGY of caregivers , *FOCUS groups , *INTERVIEWING , *VIOLENCE in the workplace - Abstract
This study explores international domestic workers’ response to employer abuse and exploitation following changes to Canada’s Live-in-Caregiver Program in 2014. This research followed an interpretive policy analysis research design, using feminist, participatory, and action research methods. University-based researchers, advocates, and peer researchers collaborated to develop and implement the project’s research and advocacy goals. Thirty-one caregivers in Toronto and Calgary participated in individual and/or focus group interviews to discuss access to permanent residence, working conditions and forms of support. Many shared examples of labor exploitation and psychological hardship due to precarious work conditions and long periods of family separation. Barriers to accessing services and fear of losing status led the majority of caregivers to rely primarily on informal networks for mutual aid and support. This paper identifies how changes in Canada’s temporary foreign worker program for live-in-caregivers exacerbates the structural violence of migrant care work, where the risk for abuse, exploitation, and risk of losing status is normalized. Migrant caregivers accept the precarious work conditions with the promise of permanent residence and the chance to improve their lives for themselves and their children. Towards envisioning improvements in social service delivery, our research highlighted the need for social services to increase outreach and safety planning for migrant workers who are vulnerable to abuse, exploitation, and the loss of legal immigration status. Our research also supports grassroots advocacy to call for all migrant workers to be granted permanent resident status upon arrival to ameliorate the structural violence of migrant labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. ‘Stepbrothers from the Middle East’: negotiations of racial identity among Jewish-Israeli immigrants in Toronto.
- Author
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Arviv, Tamir
- Subjects
- *
JEWS , *JEWISH identity , *ISRAELIS , *RACE identity , *IMMIGRANTS , *MIZRAHIM , *SEPHARDIM - Abstract
This paper explores the complex negotiations of racial identity experienced on migration. Working from a series of 48 interviews with racially diverse Israeli immigrants to Toronto, and drawing on literature on the assimilated Canadian-born Jewish population, I contrast the racial histories of Canadian and Israeli Jews - groups whose identities have historically crossed intersections of race, ethnicity and religion. By exploring the participants’ accounts of being differently whitened and blackened in Israel and Toronto, and their own interpretations of and responses to these processes, I expose the spatial contingencies of racial hierarchies, meanings and identifications. I also introduce the under-studied Mizrahi/Sephardi Jewish community - who are demographically prevalent in Israel yet largely unknown in North America, and are subject to complex racial and ethno-cultural tensions in both spaces - into discussions of Canadian Jewishness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. “Bridging Several Worlds”: The Process of Identity Development of Second-Generation Ethiopian and Eritrean Young Women in Canada.
- Author
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Goitom, Mary
- Subjects
- *
IDENTITY (Psychology) , *INTERGENERATIONAL relations , *ETHIOPIANS , *ERITREANS , *WOMEN , *SOCIAL conditions of women - Abstract
This paper explores the social and cultural experiences of second-generation Ethiopian and Eritrean young women in relationship to expectations surrounding identity continuity by way of maintenance of traditional culture. From the analysis of ten in-depth interviews, complexities in family relationships emerged as a major category with interrelated concepts that particularize the social and cultural experiences of second-generation Ethiopian and Eritrean women with their process of identity formation. These included gendered intergenerational relationships whereby Ethiopian and Eritrean parents maintained a strong sense of belonging to the larger culture they left behind and raised their daughters with such expected continuity; and the confrontation of cultural resistance through communication as a means of forging a balance between conflict and consensus in families. Findings from this study highlight the need to expand understandings in the scope of intergenerational activities and values in immigrant families in both research and clinical practice. This necessitates that practitioners take into account the structure and composition of family, the values imbedded within, and the role and functions of each member of the unit. This cannot be decontextualized from the family’s experiences of migration and ongoing settlement process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Ideal partnership or marriage of convenience? Canada's ambivalent relationship with the International Organization for Migration.
- Author
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Geiger, Martin
- Subjects
- *
CITIZENSHIP , *IMMIGRANTS , *GOVERNMENT policy , *EMIGRATION & immigration ,CANADIAN foreign relations, 1945- - Abstract
This paper explores the relationship between Canada, one of the world's leading immigration countries and a country that often serves as an international 'poster child' for well managed migration, and the International Organization for Migration (IOM), an intergovernmental organisation that provides migration-related services for Canada and many other countries. Despite growing awareness about the role of the IOM in migration politics, a research gap remains regarding how states cogitate and evaluate their partnership with the IOM. This article draws on publicly available government evaluations, conducted by Citizenship and Immigration Canada, which speak to the strongly inter-dependent, but also highly ambivalent reality of collaboration between Canada and the IOM. In exploring and discussing the nature of this relationship, the article also speaks to the particularities of 'migration management' and the larger transformations in global migration governance reflected in Canada's partnership with the IOM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Immigration Policy, Settlement Service, and Immigrant Mothers in Neoliberal Canada: A Feminist Analysis.
- Author
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YIDAN ZHU
- Subjects
- *
IMMIGRANT resettlement services , *IMMIGRANTS , *MOTHERS , *ASSISTED emigration , *FEMINIST criticism , *NEOLIBERALISM , *SOCIAL services , *SERVICES for immigrants , *GOVERNMENT policy , *EMIGRATION & immigration - Abstract
This paper critically reviews the current literature on immigration and settlement and provides a feminist analysis. It places a particular emphasis on immigrant mothers' experience in order to reframe research on Canadian immigration policies and practice. Through discussing how the three waves of feminism led to the historical development of Canadian immigration policies and settlement practice, this paper examines Nancy Fraser's (2008) thinking about the welfare state, "misframing," and neoliberalism for rethinking the "gender neutral" literature on immigration policies and settlement services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Beyond Guilt and Stigma: Changing Attitudes among Israeli Migrants in Canada.
- Author
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Harris, Brent David
- Subjects
- *
IMMIGRANTS , *ISRAELIS , *ZIONISM , *RETURN migrants , *NATIONAL character - Abstract
Over 60 years ago, the Jewish nationalist movement known as Zionism culminated in the creation of the State of Israel. Millions of Jews immigrated to Israel over the twentieth century, a process known as aliya (literally, "going up"). Yet over the years, thousands of Israelis have also chosen to leave Israel in a movement termed yerida ("going down"). As the term suggests, this reverse migration has been highly stigmatized. During the 1960s and 1970s, emigrants were publicly disparaged in the Israeli media for having abandoned a struggling state. Consequently, Israeli migrants suffered strong feelings of guilt that often, hampered their integration process abroad, a phenomenon observed as late as the 1990s. This paper, however, reveals that feelings of stigmatization have greatly decreased among Israeli migrants in recent years. The study is based on research that I conducted in 2008-2009, involving nine months of participant observation in Vancouver's Israeli community and 34 in-depth interviews. Unlike in previous studies, most of my informants expressed no feelings of guilt over having left Israel. Of those who did, most framed their guilt as a longing for family and friends rather than the patriotic longing for the land as expressed by previous generations. Previous studies have also found that Israelis harbour a "myth of return" - a continuously expressed desire to return to Israel and a reluctance to accept their stay abroad as permanent. However, I have not found that the myth of return is still strong today, despite the continued prevalence of a strong sense of Israeli identity among Israelis abroad. I suggest that these changing attitudes are the product of shifting ideals in Israeli society that have developed as the state of Israel has matured. This paper thus serves to update the outdated image of Israeli migrants as it exists in the prevailing literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. 'I Fit the Description': Experiences of Social and Spatial Exclusion among Ghanaian Immigrant Youth in the Jane and Finch Neighbourhood of Toronto.
- Author
-
ZAAMI, MARIAMA
- Subjects
- *
GHANAIANS , *AFRICANS , *ASSIMILATION of immigrants , *IMMIGRANTS , *IMMIGRANT children , *SOCIAL integration , *SOCIAL history - Abstract
Public interest in the influence of neighbourhoods on immigrant integration in Canadian society has been growing in recent years; yet, there are few studies that explain the effect of neighbourhoods on immigrant experiences of exclusion in Canada. Drawing on in-depth interviews (12 males and 13 females) and a focus group discussion (five females and three males) conducted with Ghanaian immigrant youth between the ages of 18 to 30 from the Ghanaian community in the Jane and Finch neighbourhood of Toronto in May to June, 2011, this paper discusses the experiences of social and spatial exclusion among Ghanaian immigrant youth. Drawing on socio-spatial dialectics, the findings suggest that Ghanaian immigrant youth experiences of socio-spatial exclusion are intertwined in a dialectical process involving the Jane and Finch neighbourhood and the general public. In particular, the youth negotiate access to employment opportunities, shopping malls and counter exclusion through reformulation of resumes, and masking of their actual neighbourhoods. This paper fills an important gap in our knowledge of the lived experiences of African immigrant youth and contributes to our understanding of the dynamics of neighbourhood stigmatization and its impact on residents' integration into the larger society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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