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Arizona has drastically cut its water use in this way, in large part by building houses instead of growing cotton, with water rights exchanged between willing buyers and sellers. The story is much the same throughout most of the American West: There are more water rights on paper than there is actual water to go around, and everyone is lawyered up with arguments for why cuts should fall on others instead of themselves. John Fleck, a prominent western water writer, has long argued that the West has a remarkable and underappreciated ability to adapt to water scarcity. Water markets aren't the answer to every water-scarcity problem - an "all of the above" approach is needed, including desalination, wastewater recycling, stormwater capture, and, in some places, increased storage capacity. [Extracted from the article]

A paper published by researchers from Chinese universities suggests that global warming is causing changes in the length and onset of the four seasons. Summers are becoming longer and hotter, while winters are becoming shorter and warmer. This trend is expected to continue and may be amplified in the future. The shift in seasonal patterns could have negative impacts on ecosystems, agriculture, and the occurrence of extreme weather events. It is important for humanity to take responsibility and mitigate the effects of climate change to ensure a more stable future. [Extracted from the article]

This paper aims to understand the national-level policy change that occurred in Brazilian drought management, whereby the policy shifted from reactive crisis management to a drought preparedness approach. We found that a combination of factors supported the policy change, such as the interplay of multiple drought events in different regions of the country, the length and timing of these events, attention paid to the issue, and the role of policy entrepreneurs and political entrepreneurs in connecting solutions to the problem. The analysis is based on the multiple streams framework (MSF), which includes two windows of opportunity: an agenda window, to account for the juncture at which the drought issue appeared on the political and public agenda; and the decision window, when a drought preparedness instrument was designed and adopted. We contribute to the literature on policy change in the wake of a disaster by showing how a long-duration event sparked policy change and by shedding light on the role of creeping crises as focusing events; and we contribute to the MSF literature by analytically distinguishing the features of the agenda and the decision window and by applying the theory to a Latin American context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the role that termites play in forest ecology and assisting forests resist drought, referencing an article coauthored by ecologist Kate Parr in the "Science" journal. The Parr research team's use of insecticide toilet paper to measure the ecological impact termites have on forests, including in regard to termites' role in leaf litter decomposition through eating leaves, is discussed.

The article provides insights into the 2021 vintage in Paso Robles, California's Central Coast region. While 2020 was challenging due to various factors, including drought and wildfires, 2021 saw near-perfect conditions. The vintage featured early bud break, a relatively long growing season, and slightly lower yields due to water stress from the ongoing drought, resulting in smaller berry size and clusters.

The article focuses on the research on water use and needs of cool-season turfgrass, specifically Agrostis species, compared to other cool-season turfgrasses. It discusses the history of water conservation and quantification methods, reviews research on evapotranspiration and deficit irrigation, and highlights the importance of understanding plant water loss and developing water conservation strategies for improved irrigation efficiency.

The article explores the bad effect caused by the drought to the U.S. Farm Credit Administration (FCA), which saw 20% of its loans in a state that is almost frozen and another punch in the winter months due to the general moratorium on government interest collections. The FCA started to let farmers do advance direct seed and feed loans with a limit of 400 U.S. dollars per farmer to battle the effect while Governor W. I. Myers is suggesting that the Resettlement Administration of Tugwell absorb all or part of the mortgages on farms.

This study investigates whether the recent extremely hot and dry summers (2003, 2015, 2018 and 2019) in Germany will be normal summer conditions under future climate change scenarios. Abnormally persistent high-pressure systems during these recent German summers maintained clear skies and dry conditions on the ground, resulting in record-breaking heat and drought conditions. Here, climate indices are calculated from the German Meteorological Service's (DWD) climate model reference-ensembles for periods 2031-2060 and 2071-2100 under greenhouse gas emission scenarios RCP 2.6 (11 ensemble members) and RCP 8.5 (21 ensemble members) and are compared with climate indices calculated from three DWD observational datasets (station data and gridded datasets: HYRAS and DWD Climate Monitoring Grids). The climate projections show increasing summer heat conditions for Germany throughout this century and a slight shift to dryer conditions, especially for the RCP 8.5 scenario. These recent extreme summers are often in the 15% hottest summers for RCP 2.6 in 2031-2060, 2071-2100 and the RCP 8.5 2031-2060 scenarios, but would be considered normal or even cool summers under the RCP 8.5 scenario in 2071-2100. Due to the combination of extreme heat and strong precipitation deficits, the climatic water balance and derived meteorological drought indicator values of these recent summers are often within the top 15% of projected extreme summer drought indices and are sometimes only matched by the most anomalous hot and dry summers in the DWD reference-ensembles, even for the high-emission RCP 8.5 scenario in 2071-2100. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on migration and extinction of wildlife from Africa. Topics discussed include problems due to fences upon the animal migration in search of water during droughts; the last great migration of wildebeest due to severe drought of 1980; and decline in the wildlife across Kenya which mirrors the 76 percent increase in livestock in the region.

The article offers information on climate changes. Five groups of researchers studying the Australian heat wave found that it can occur only after human-caused climate change. According to other scientists, the unprecedented drought which took place in California is connected to human caused climate change.

Floods and droughts and their associated economic, environmental, and social losses or damages are increasing in severity and frequency. Measures taken to reduce these losses or damages stemming from extreme events typically depend on how effective they are in reducing the consequences of having either too much or too little water and for longer periods of time. To identify trade-offs between the annual estimated loss or damage reduction, i.e., the benefits, however measured, and the average annual cost of various damage reduction measures, one can perform risk–cost analyses. Because of climate change, the likelihoods of future hydrologic extremes are both changing and uncertain. Also uncertain are any estimates of future damages that would occur given any specific extreme event. In addition, one cannot be certain of the future costs or benefits of damage reduction measures. This paper outlines a range of practical approaches for identifying these trade-offs, taking into account the uncertainties associated with future damages resulting from any specific flood or drought event, the changing uncertainties of future flood and drought events, and the uncertainty of future damage mitigation costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statistical analysis of data from repeated measures experiments with missing factor combinations encounters multiple complications. Data from asynchronous cyclic drought experiments incorporate unequal numbers of drought cycles for different sources and provide an example of data both with repeated measures and missing factor combinations. Repeated measures data are problematic because typical analyses with PROC GLM do not allow the researcher to compare candidate covariance structures. In contrast, PROC MIXED allows comparison of covariance structures and several options for modeling serial correlation and variance heterogeneity. When there are missing factor combinations, the cross-classified model traditionally used for synchronized trials is inappropriate. For asynchronous data, some least squares means estimates for treatment and source main effects, and treatment by source interaction effects are inestimable. The objectives of this paper were to use an asynchronous drought cycle data set to 1) model an appropriate covariance structure using mixed models, and 2) compare the cross-classified fixed effects model to drought cycle nested within source models. We used a data set of midday water potential measurements taken during a cyclic drought study of 15 half-siblings of bigtooth maples (Acer grandidentatuin Nutt.) indigenous to Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Utah. Data were analyzed using SAS PROC MIXED software. Information criteria lead to the selection of a model incorporating separate compound symmetric covariance structures for the two irrigation treatment groups. When using nested models in the fixed portion of the model, there are no missing factors because drought cycle is not treated as a crossed experimental factor. Nested models provided meaningful F tests and estimated all the least squares means, but the cross-classified model did not. Furthermore, the nested models adequately compared the treatment effect of sources subjected to asynchronous drought events. We conclude that researchers wishing to analyze data from asynchronous drought trials must consider using mixed models with nested fixed effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the impact of drought, floods and the climate change on rice production. Topics discussed include the struggles of rice farmers due to low water levels in reservoirs and rivers in California, concerns of rice producers in Asia and Africa on the effect of climate change on rice production, the use of water-savign irrigation and rice gene banks to boost rice production, and the vulnerability of rice plants to heat stress.

The article discusses the hopes of both the farmers and farm equipment manufacturers for better profits in 1954 after the 1953 droughts, wherein sales reports from International Harvester, Deere & Company, and J. I. Case Company are presented for comparison.

The article offers information on sustainable agricultural practices followed in the U.S. It mentions of the Dust Bowl of 1930s that led thousands of families from Texas, Nebraska and Colorado loose their farms. It mentions important factors that contribute to healthy agricultural practices and problems associated them including regular droughts that can be solved by planting early-rising plants and carbon dioxide emission that can be solved by growing coral reefs on land.

The article discusses the environment impact of drought to the dams and agricultural production in New South Wales. It highlights the preservation of the historical places in the area wherein the mines were opened with gems and minerals. It also cites the availability of the Inland Park with water frontage to camp on.

Multi-year droughts strongly impact food production and water management. Thus, predictions for the next decade are required for decision makers. This study analyzes the decadal prediction skill of the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre Drought Index (GPCC-DI) and its components, namely the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI-DWD) adapted by the German Meteorological Service (Deutscher Wetterdienst, DWD) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) within the German global decadal prediction system. The decadal predictions are recalibrated. The prediction skills of the two prediction types ensemble mean predictions and probabilistic predictions are evaluated against those of the commonly applied reference predictions observed climatology and uninitialized simulations. The evaluation of 4-year mean droughts for the lead-year period 1-4 at 5° spatial resolution shows high prediction skills for the SPEI in the tropics, especially northern Africa, and several heterogeneously distributed hot spots for the SPI-DWD. The advantage of GPCC-DI is its global coverage, but it hardly enhances the SPI-DWD and SPEI skills. The recalibration clearly enhances ensemble mean prediction skills in slightly improving correlations and in strongly reducing standard deviations as well as large conditional biases in decadal predictions. For probabilistic predictions, impacts of conditional biases and recalibration are less prominent. To meet user requirements decadal drought predictions with higher temporal and spatial resolutions are analyzed. 1-year mean droughts for lead year 1 mostly show smaller prediction skills than 4-year means because of larger small-scale noise, but some regions reveal improved skills due to regional processes predictable at the 1-year time scale, e.g. over the western United States. Drought predictions at 2° resolution show similar spatial skill patterns with enhanced fine-scale structures mostly without losing prediction skill. A user-oriented evaluation of the decadal GPCC-DI prediction for the severe North African drought of 2008-2011 reproduces most observed drought index tendencies in both prediction types, but intensities are often underestimated. Finally, the decadal GPCC-DI prediction for 2018-2021 presents a drought over North Africa and Arabia and wetting over the Northern Hemisphere in both prediction types. For 2018, predicted patterns are similar but with smoothed intensities. In summary, decadal drought prediction skill depends on the indices, time periods, and areas considered. However, the analyzed drought indices can provide skillful high-resolution information for several future time periods and regions meeting user needs for decadal drought predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the authors' comments on issues as of September 1, 1930. These events include the effects of the drought and how they hurt business but restored the stability of food prices, the changes in the structure of business and how small businessmen must re-adjust themselves, and the need to have Faith Week across the nation. Other topics discussed include the revolution in industrial management, the growing U.S. population and wealthy people in the U.S.

This section offers world news briefs as of August 1, 1926. It cites the recovery of commodity prices, the results of the subway strike in New York City and the reduction in the prices of tires. Topics covered also include the white-collar strike in Chicago, Illinois, the effect of drought on farm produce in Western U.S. and the continuous coal movement in England.

The article discusses the California Farm Bureau Exchange. It was established as a marketing association by the California Farm Bureau Federation in 1920. The Exchange served the affiliate county grain exchanges as a purchasing and marketing agent. The county exchanges granted the state exchange "the exclusive right to market, sell, store and dispose of all products" handled by them. In the period from 1922-1923 the Exchange achieved considerable marketing success. After an prolonged California drought caused grain scarcity and poor grower returns, the membership proposed reorganization. In March, 1926 the Exchange's directors voted to close the organization.

The article offers information on the trends in the weather cycles and its effects on life and agriculture of Southwest of the U.S. It presents a chart that depicts the pattern of droughts and rainfall from the year 1875-1950. According to weather experts, there will not be any improvements in the climate of Southwest in the next 70 years. It states that inspite of the drought, farmers were able to report better pastures and larger bank accounts due to better soil conservation methods.

Drought risk management involves both expanding our ability to provide better early warning systems and creating more awareness of cropping systems and tillage practices that can reduce agricultural demand for water. The NDMC has made tremendous progress in raising awareness of drought and the ability of government and farmers to manage the risk associated with drought through the use of the Drought Monitor and extension outreach services. However, the key to providing better early warning systems is improving our understanding of past historical events and the probability of drought in time and space. Drought affects virtually all regions of the world and results in significant economic, social and environmental impacts. The U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency estimates annual drought-related losses in the U.S. at $6-$8 billion, which is more than any other natural hazard. The U.S. Congress enacted the Agricultural Risk Protection Act of 2000 to encourage the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Risk Management Agency and farmers to be more proactive in managing drought risk.

The article reports on scientific efforts supported by the Chinese government to modify weather and increase precipitation to prevent drought and foster agriculture. To encourage snow, they are seeding clouds with silver iodide particles and using burners at the Tibetan Plateau to create updrafts and encourage snowfall. Other topics include science and authoritarianism, international efforts to improve water security, and environmental and health issues with cloud seeding.

The article focuses on research suggesting initiatives channeling more money into girls' education in Africa are not sufficient to end gender inequality in education. It states one of the United Nation's Millennium Development Goals is by 2015 to eliminate gender disparity in education at all levels. It mentions a paper by Martina Björkman-Nyqvist found the attendance of girls in rural Ugandan schools decreased more than boys during droughts as they were put to work due to reduced income.

The article examines the impact of climate change. Topics mentioned include the fast warming of the Arctic sea ice as dark water absorbs more of the sun's energy than the reflective white ice, the worth of wheat, maize and barley losses caused by warming temperatures from 1981 to 2002, and the idea that climate change is a future concern, noting the U.S. government's approach to climate policy and scientific research. It notes humans' preparation for extreme events like strong drought, much more frequent floods, and drying water resources. The author also looks into the implications of burning coal, gas and oil that produces carbon dioxide, and an increase in global temperature resulting from burn fossil fuels.

Keywords: Agricultural; Agriculture; Econometric; Economics; Food Chain EN Agricultural Agriculture Econometric Economics Food Chain 2023 MAR 2 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Food Weekly News -- Researchers detail new data in agriculture. Our news editors report that additional information may be obtained by contacting Monica Laura Zlati, Department of Business Administration, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania. [Extracted from the article]

India, Sept. 11 -- They cost agriculture $29 billion in a decade, according to a white paper released at the conference Droughts became the costliest natural disaster for agriculture in [...]

The article presents an update on world commodity prices in the U.S. as of October 1, 1930. The recovery in the general commodity market in August 1930 on a basis of curtailed crops because of the drought is reported. It is noted that the Irving Fisher Weekly Index of 200 representative commodities has continued to response moderately. Prices in London, England dropped to the lowest quotations ever recorded in the rubber production's history.

The article focuses on various issues relevant to businesses and the economy in the U.S. in 1925. Topics discussed include the impact of the drought on the nation's agricultural sector, the health of the mining industry, and the robustness of the banking sector. The expansion of the residential and commercial real estate markets and outlook for various commodities are mentioned.

The article focuses on the developing trend among Texan riders to shift to middle Tennessee in search of pasture land to feed their cattle. It mentions the story of Texan-born rancher John Fowlkes and his brothers, who shifted their cattles to Franklin, Tennessee, in 1948 during the drought in Texas. It states that the immigration of Texan ranchers had an effect on the culture and lifestyle of the people in Tennessee.

New thinking is required to avoid conflict over the world's drinking supplies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the drought in Marathwada, Maharashtra, India. It reports on poor government policies, climatic conditions deteriorating, groundwater drying resulting in economic loss to farmers, governments initiatives in water storage and supply requiring more attention. It reports on climatic changes affecting the agricultural pattern with drought declining agricultural production, sugarcane farmers being the worst hit, and mentions agricultural projects launched by the government.

The article focuses on the drought conditions faced by California from 2011. It also discusses the scientist Lisa Sloan's predictions of severe drought due to the melting arctic ice. It presents probable reasons for the drought which includes the Ridiculously Resilient Ridge, an atmospheric pressure region disrupting wind patterns resulting in the deflection of storms.

The article looks into the reasons why the state of California is on its fourth year of drought. Topics covered include the use of 80% of water in the agricultural industry for growing fruits, grains and almonds, water rights, politics of water engineering and management and perceptions about great water flow to the bay. Also mentioned are the Water Program of the Natural Resources Defense Council, hydrologic modeling and water restrictions mandated by California governor Jerry Brown.

The article present a study that investigates the causes and implications of the drought in the Great Plains on the environment and the residents. Researchers found that the region already experienced drought about 1900 and between 2010-2013 caused by several years of poor practices on land management. Moreover, the forecasts, warning and suggestions of researchers on how to solve the drought are also stated.

The article offers several suggestions for horsekeepers for taking care of horses during extreme weather. Topics discussed include trimming or cutting down weak trees which could damage the structure of fences, installation of generator or other model in case power goes out and keeping the aisle clear. It also adds to check the purity of water daily during droughts.