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Based on Bernhard Fabian's "Buch, Bibliothek, und geisteswissenschaftliche Forschung (The Book, the Library, and Humanistic Research)," this study is a commentary on the relationship between library and user. Discussing the characteristics and requirements of research in the humanities, it stresses the interrelationship between humanities research and the library. The work's ultimate purpose is to call attention to major gaps and shortcomings in Germany's bibliographical institutions with a view toward amelioration. The following chapters are featured: "The Library: Essential Institution for Research in the Humanities"; "Germany: An Example of Divided Bibliographic Responsibility"; "Since No Library Can Own Every Original Record..."; "Meeting the Assault on National Literary Resources"; and "Book and Journal as Media for the Humanities." (Includes and epilogue and 153 references.) (AEF)

The article focuses on the plan to license the "Aero-Hydro" paper process developed by engineer H. Scherbak to American paper manufacturers. It states that Russia and Germany have the exclusive rights on the process because Scherbak communicated with the countries for the manufacture of the process. It says that changes which would suit the process in paper machines are inexpensive. It adds that resistance to acids can be added to the process if it will be changed into the manufacture line.

The article focuses on the U.S. paper industry. In 1985, as the dollar strengthened, prices of internationally traded paper products plunged. The price of pulp, for example, dropped nearly 15%. With every uptick in the dollar, droves of salesmen from such paper-producing countries as Sweden, West Germany, Italy, Finland, Brazil and Great Britain deplaned and knocked on U.S. doors. Not only were their prices good, but their products were often innovative and of a quality superior to that of competing U.S. products. U.S. paper executives have even begun to notice the export market themselves.

A new report paints a darker picture of what may be the highest profile case of scientific fraud in postwar Germany. After a 2-year investigation of all 347 scientific articles co-authored by former hematologist and cancer researcher Friedhelm Herrmann, a task force jointly sponsored by Germany's main granting agency, the DFG, and the country's largest cancer charity released a report on 19 June indicating that the scope of the fraud--first uncovered 3 years ago--is far more extensive than previously thought. Although Herrmann and a co-author have left their academic posts, the new revelations could place other careers in jeopardy.

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This article describes a system designed by a team of researchers at the University of Magdeburg in Germany to explore ways of interacting with computers. Led by Raimund Dachselt, the team developed the system that consists of a ceiling-mounted projector and infrared camera. The system uses a paper called a Paperlens that carries infrared-reflecting markers.

The article discusses economic trends in Europe as of January 1920. It reports a decrease in the ratio of gold reserves to bank notes in Germany and an increase in paper money in Great Britain. It offers a background on importing activities and balance of trade in the region. A chart showing inflation and foreign exchange rates is also presented.

The article reports on the utilization of the Internet by Germany-based pharmaceutical company BASF AG and researchers at the University of Florida to cut the cost and process of completing clinical trials. In 1997, the team has finished the first web-based clinical trial that test the effectiveness of BASF's high-blood pressure drug. The cost of the clinical trial was reduced to $35 million, while to be completed in 2002. The adopted process could deliver drugs to the market faster and cheaper.

This document presents three papers on multicultural education in early childhood, followed by a selected ERIC bibliography on the same subject. The first paper, "Multicultural Approaches in Education: A German Experience," by Carmen Treppte, describes the development of Turkish Children and Mothers, a project designed to help preschoolers in the Ruhr Valley of Germany develop linguistic, motor, cognitive, and social abilities. The paper also describes various aspects of the project, including those that relate to maternal involvement, educational facilities, the needs of project participants, and cultural factors that should be considered when serving the ethnic Turkish minority that is adapting to German culture. In the second paper, "Culture, Schooling, and Education in a Democracy," Victoria R. Fu defines multiculturalism, draws distinctions between education and schooling, proposes a conceptual framework for implementing multicultural education, and examines Bronfenbrenner's and Vygotsky's concepts of development. The third paper, "Responsive Teaching: A Culturally Appropriate Approach," by Andrew J. Stremmel, explains responsive teaching, which involves the construction and negotiation of shared meaning or perspectives during interactions, and suggests ways to help early childhood teachers become more responsive in their interactions with children of various backgrounds. A reference list is provided with each paper. The bibliography that follows the papers contains 34 documents and 36 journal articles on multiculturalism in early childhood programs selected from a search of the ERIC database. Each item in the bibliography contains bibliographic information and an abstract of the document or article. (BC)

The fact that different urban structures have different climatic effects and therefore differ in their thermal loads for people is well known. However, there is a lack of quantitative and qualitative surveys in specific districts that are suitable to derive accepted adaptation measures. This paper addresses the research questions where thermally stressed areas in public space are identified by mobile measurements and by mental maps and what are the causes of each, where both methods agree or disagree, and what are the benefits and the limitations of using both methods for prioritizing adaptation measures. Mobile measurements in an urban quarter over a whole day can supply needed data for determining thermal loads of urban structures and their temporal development. Mental maps give information about the perception of urban dwellers and -- based on the spatial distribution of obtained data -- the user frequency. Both methods provide information concerning where and when measures should be taken in order to facilitate adaptation to heat. The paper presents the results of mobile measurements and mental maps of two different urban quarters in Germany. Thermal loads were assessed by using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) for three selected summer days. Results indicated that the different urban structures can differ by up to 7K or by two stages of thermal stress during a hot summer day. Surface material with high albedo can overcompensate smaller sky view factors resulting in high thermal loads. Street trees caused changing thermal loads but reduced them on average. Identified hot spots based on mobile measurements mostly correlated with hot spots identified by mental maps, if they were frequently used. However, hottest spots identified by measurements were not necessarily most frequently named as hot spots in the mental maps.Most often named hot spots of mental maps coincided with major traffic routes suggesting that user frequency is important. We conclude that the combination of both methods can be valuable for identifying locations with high priority for climate adaptation in cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article announces that the general meeting of the German Music Association (Deutscher Musikrat DMR) has adopted the policy paper on music education and instruction for German schools.

This section offers world news briefs. The resignation of Walter Ulbricht as president of the Communist Party in East Germany is seen as a positive sign for East-West relations, although his successor Erich Honecker is a strict Marxist. A decision is made by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission not to interfere in the merger of paper companies in the Pacific Northwest because of the dominance of imports from Canada.

Describes Paper Architecture, a pavilion made of paper and produced by the Japan External Trade Organization to be shown at the 2000 World Expo in Hannover, Germany. Designer of the building; Specially treated water- and fire-resistant paper used in the construction of the pavilion; Recycled paper used in the building materials; Cost effectiveness of building papers.

The article presents information on a piano music competition concerning school music instruction titled Bundeswettbewerb Schulpraktisches Klavierspiel Grotrian-Steinweg to be held at the music university Hochschule für Musik Franz Liszt located in Weimar, Germany from May 8-11, 2014.

The article discusses the regulation of the Foods for Special Medical Purposes (FSMP) category in Germany as of 2016 wherein botanicals were not allowed to carry any health claims leaving herbal food products in unfavorable situation. It offers information on the position paper published by the German Federal Office of Consumer Protection & Food Safety and the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices which serves as basis for FSMPs evaluation.

The article reports on music education initiatives discussed at a meeting of the Brandenburg, Germany chapter of the German ministry for science, research, and culture, held on June 15, 2012 in Potsdam, Germany, involving presentations by ministers Martina Münch, Sabine Kunst, and Martin Gorholt.

The article reports on the sale of a 300 million dollar commercial paper (CP) by Ireland's National Treasury Management Agency. The deal is considered as the largest deal made by Ireland in two months. Issuers from Germany, the Netherlands and France also sold CP in sterling and dollars which prompted sovereign, supranational and agency issuance in both denominations, including FMS Wertmanagement and L-Bank.

This paper describes the first-ever operational contrail avoidance trial in the real world, which took place in the region of Maastricht Upper Area Control (including the northwest of Germany, the Benelux countries and part of the North Sea) in the year 2021. Contrail avoidance could be an efficient method for mitigating the climate impact of aviation. Applying a deliberate experiment design, air traffic was deviated every other day by changing the flight altitude by up to 2000 ft up or down if potential persistent contrails were predicted. Whether deviations were successful on average was checked using satellite images of high clouds and by application of a contrail detection algorithm, which makes use of the properties of contrails. Despite the fact that forecasting persistent contrails remains a challenge, the trial was successful at a significance level of 97.5%, i.e., on average persistent contrails can be avoided for regular flights in the real world with a small intervention in the vertical flight path. The experiment is an important step towards a regular operational reduction of the aviation climate impact by means of air traffic management. Nevertheless, many open questions need to be solved prior to an operational implementation of contrail avoidance or climate optimised flight trajectories in legal ATM procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explains that Great Britain's Foreign Office issued a report confirming that Germany looted more than $550 million in gold from German-occupied countries and stashed most of it in Switzerland's banks. Nightmare for the Swiss government and banking community; Gold from the teeth of Jews who perished at Auschwitz.

The article reports that France and Germany are pushing rival models for defence co-operation, but neither is very ambitious. Topics disccussed include acronyms made such as Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO), European Defence Fund (EDF) and a European Intervention Initiative (E21) as Europeans scramble to reduce their military dependence on the U.S. and the gap between the rhetoric of political leaders and the modesty of these defence drives.

The article discusses the foreign currency and commercial paper paid out by the Reichsbank and the Ministry of Finance in Germany for reparation purposes. The author gives an overview of the London schedule of payments for German reparations, and the problems it caused for Germany's exporting business and the valuation of its currency. He then points out that after the payment schedule was made, the German government slacked on its reparation payments, even though they were adequately collected by the Reichsbank on exports as stipulated. Information on how this affected American trade with Europe is included.

This paper presents the long-term Karlsruhe temperature series re-digitized and reconstructed from handwritten manuscripts from 1779 to 1875 archived in various libraries. Despite great efforts, data from some periods remained missing in the manuscript departments so that the main Karlsruhe series remained partially fragmented. Combined with historic climate records available in the archive of German Weather Service (DWD), the entire series until 2008, when the official Karlsruhe station was relocated to Rheinstetten, is one of the longest climate series available for Germany. The series includes various observational parameters on a daily or even sub-daily basis converted into SI units or contemporary units. The focus of this paper is on the temperature series and presents some first statistical analyses to demonstrate the additional benefit of possessing unique long-term instrumental climate data on a sub-daily basis. The entire temperature series was homogenized with respect to consistent observation times and to a location on the city's periphery. It is shown that the width of the distribution function quantified from constructed daily maximum and minimum temperature has substantially broadened in the summer months, but not during winter or the entire year. The number of summer and hot days has substantially increased in the last 30-50 years, while the number of frost and ice days has decreased. Summer or hot days as well as heat waves were very rare before 1920, being unrepresentative of a period mainly unaffected by climate change. Singularities of the climate system, such as the (cold) Schafskalte in June or the (warm) Hundstage in July/August, are clearly shown in most periods. The (cold) Ice Saints in May, however, have a high frequency only in the coldest period between 1870 and 1960; they are hardly detectable in most of the preceding years. Temperature statistics show that the severity of late spring frosts has gradually increased during the entire record mainly as a result of later frost occurrences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that Germany's Töpfer law appears to be strangling Great Britain's paper-recycling industry. The companies paid by German industry to dispose of waste paper have such a glut of the stuff that many are paying German paper makers to take it off their hands. This, in turn, has allowed German paper makers to reduce their costs by as much as 15%. British firms have lowered their prices in an effort to hold on to market share, but are losing money as a result. British paper mills are closing.

In this editorial the author examines how the German newspaper industry has manged to stay financially strong despite a majority of advertisers using Web sites instead of print publications. The author suggests that the U.S. newspaper industry could boost revenues by adhering to the business model of German newspapers. The editorial specifically focuses on Bild, a daily newspaper out of Berlin with 12 million readers.

The article discusses the highlights of a workshop on the subject of "Publication Culture in Computing Research" that was held at Schloss Dagstuhl in Germany in November 2012. The workshop was motivated by the observation that the computing research community was not close to an agreement whether a change has to occur and how to effect such a change. Computing expert Doug Terry has proposed an approach where computing-research conferences accept any paper that extends the body of knowledge. Under the proposed approach, a conference is not the final publication or a research result, but rather its first publication.

This paper presents a statistical analysis of the motion of hail-producing supercells in Germany based on data from a radar-based cell detection and tracking algorithm and a mesocyclone detection algorithm. The parameterization of supercell motion by Bunkers et al. (2000), originally developed using storm data from the United States, is evaluated regarding its applicability in Central Europe, where storm environments have other dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics owing to different geographical features. As a first step, the motion of 354 observed supercells in the warm season (April to September) 2013–2016 is compared to the motion obtained with the original parameterization. The cells are classified as right-moving or leftmoving supercells due to their motion direction with regard to the vertical wind shear of the environment, which is calculated using high-resolution model analyses. Afterwards, the accuracy of the parameterization is checked for both motion classes, as well as for classifications according to the lifetime, track length, and severity proxies of the cells. Clear differences between observed and parameterized motion are obtained for all categories, calling for an adjustment of the parameterization in a second step. This adjusted parameterization improves the storm motion estimation for most of the storm categories. A better storm motion estimation improves the calculation of storm-relative helicity, enabling a more reliable nowcasting and forecasting of supercell potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the developments in the operation of German firm KfW, including plans to raise 70-75 billion euros in 2013. According to the company's head of capital markets, Horst Seissinger, they expect higher interest in their bond issuances in 2013. Seissiner said that they will still focus on Asian currencies, particularly on Hong Kong and Singapore dollars.

The article explores the installation of the FAG Smart Check condition monitoring system on a paper coating machine in the Mitsubishi HiTec Paper Europe plant in Bielefeld, Germany. The system enabled the plant to switch from time-based to condition-based monitoring. The benefits of the system are identified, including avoiding shutdowns of the machine. The use of the system as a bidirectional gateway between the controller and sensors is also discussed.

The article reports that German winding-up agency Erste Abwicklungsanstalt (EAA) has expanded its global commercial paper (CP)programme limit in a bid to broaden its investor base. On May 7, 2012, a new limit of 20 billion euros has been set by EAA. Holger Dohra of EAA explains the decision to change the limit of its CP programme. Dohra expects EAA's outstandings to hit double digits by the end of 2012. The EAA decision to double its CP programme is intended to lure more dollar investors.

The article reports on the efforts being done by Erste Abwicklungsanstalt (EAA) to finalize its preparations for a global commercial paper (CP) programme in 2011. Such programme is expected to catch the attention of investors facing low yields on dollar paper from sovereign, supranational and agency borrowers. A CP dealer expressed his belief in the strength of the credit of EAA.

Reports on the plan of Landesbank Baden-Württemberg (LBBW) to launch a structured investment vehicle (SIV) as a solution for its commercial paper issues following the removal of its state guarantees in Germany. Need for LBBW to innovate to cope with the severe spread compression in assets and mortgage backed securities; Intention of HSH Nordbank to launch its own SIV; Factors being considered by LBBW before using SIV.

Reports on the multicurrency EuroCP program issued by German firm Robert Bosch company as of October 11, 2002. Purpose of the EuroCP facility; Value of the Bosch commercial paper issue; Approach of Bosch with the EuroCP facility.

The article relates the comment of Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corp. (HSBC) on a bond issue that was launched by HSBC Bank plc on July 9, 2010. The bookrunner stated that there was rarity in the issuance by HSBC Bank plc of a euro senior paper. Investors in such bond issue came from several countries including Iberia, Germany, and France. Also included are distribution by investor type and market appraisal.

The article reports on the claim of a German team that they will launch printable batteries that pattern organic semiconductors on a paper-thin, flexible substrates, in 2010. According to the article, scientists at the Fraunhofer Research Institution for Electronic Nano Systems worked with colleagues from Chemnitz University of Technology and Menippos GmbH on the development of the product. It notes that the batteries use zinc anodes and manganese cathodes that react to give electricity.

The article calls for papers for the 17th meeting of the International Council for Traditional Music's (ICTM) Study Group for Folk Musical Instruments to be held in Berlin, Germany on April 1-4, 2009.