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The invention of paper has had a significant impact on the world, particularly in the realm of artistic expression. From its earliest precursor, papyrus, used in ancient Egypt, to the development of papermaking in China, paper has played a crucial role in the communication of culture, the advancement of the written word, and the progression of art. Despite the rise of digital media and the push for a paperless society, paper remains important as a surface for all media and as a handmade art form. The evolution of papermaking techniques and its use in various artistic mediums, such as illuminated manuscripts, prints, and watercolors, has contributed to the democratization of art and the exploration of new artistic possibilities. Today, artists continue to value the tactile qualities of paper, even as we move towards a more digital future. [Extracted from the article]

According to the survey of China Paper Association(CPA), in 2022, there are approximately 2,500 paper and paperboard manufacturers in China. Total paper and paper board output registered 124 million tons, up2.64% compared with 2021; paper and paper board consumption was also 124 million tons, down 1.94%; per capita consumption was about 88 kg (population: 1.4 billion). From 2013 to 2022, paper and paper board production grows at an average annual rate of 2.32%, while consumption grows at an average annual rate of 2.67%. In 2022, total pulp, paper, paper board and paper products output amounts to 284 million tons, up 1.32% compared with 2021, in which paper and paperboard output was124 million tons (+2.64%), pulp output was 86 million tons (+5.01％), and paper products output was 74 million tons (-4.65％). Total business revenue registered 1520 billion yuan in 2022, increased by 0.44%; profits totaled 62 billion yuan, declined by 29.79% compared with 2021. According to the Statistics, 2,561 paper manufacturers are included in the survey. From January to December in 2022, their total main business revenue was 890 billion yuan; industrial added value increased by 0.20%; finished goods inventory valued 48 billion yuan, up 12.17%; profit totaled 34 billion, down 37.54%; total assets registered112 million; the asset-liability ratio was 57.64% and liabilities value totaled 645 billion yuan. Among all the paper companies in China, there were 770 companies in the red, taking up 30.07% of all. The import volume of paper and paper board was about 8 million tons (-23.30％), pulp import was 30 million tons (-2.88％), waste paper 570,000 tons (+5.56％), and paper products 160,000 tons (-42.86％).The export volume of paper and paperboard was about 8.6 million tons (56.86％), pulp export was 266,800 tons (+73.02％), waste paper 300 tons (-75.00％), and paper products 5 million tons (+13.70％). 2022 is the most difficult year for China 's paper industry since the global financial crisis in 2008. The whole industry has experienced multiple pressures such as demand contraction and supply chain disruption. In addition, the rising prices of raw materials and energy have further increased the cost of enterprises and greatly reduced economic benefits. Although difficulties have increased, the paper industry has made unremitting efforts to overcome unfavorable factors, achieved a steady increase in production and ensured the market supply of paper products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

June 2023 is the 22nd Production Safety Month in China. So how can the paper industry do a good job in production safety and discharge major hidden dangers? This article introduces seven major safety hazards faced by paper companies, and how to deal with them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper Industry is the property of China Pulp & Paper Industry Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fourteen original research papers by faculty and students of the Linguistics Department and other related departments of the University of Kansas are presented. The titles and authors are as follows: "A Kinesic Approach to Understanding Communication and Context in Japanese" (Bruch); "Correlations between the Three Level Tones and Vowel Durations in Standard Thai" (Deepadung); "On Predicting the Glottal Stop in Hualapai" (Folarin); "Prefix "oni" in Yoruba" (Folarin); "The Study of Minority Languages in China" (He); "Lexical, Functional Grammar Analysis of Korean Complex Predicates" (Kim); "In the Social Register: Pronoun Choice in Norwegian and English" (Mills); "Diphthongization, Syllable Structure and the Feature [high] in Hmu" (Mills, Strecker); "A Transitional Orthography for Northern Canadian Native Languages" (Proulx); "A Relic of Proto-Siouan *ro/no 'One' in Mississippi Valley Siouan" (Rankin); "Making Sense in ESL: A Set of Three Rhetorical Structures" (Scott); "The Path Containment Condition and Argument Structure" (Stroik); "Social Deixis in Sinhalese: The Pronoun System" (Tilakaratne); and "The Behavior of Non-Terms in Shaba Swahili: A Relational Approach" (Obeidat, Kapanga). (LB)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper Industry is the property of China Pulp & Paper Industry Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper Industry is the property of China Pulp & Paper Industry Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the varieties of fine watercolor paper, based on the method they are formed, fibers used and method of sizing. Paper is said to be an essential ingredient in the making of art. The process of making paper originated in China and the same principles are still used in hand paper making. The surface hardness and density of the paper result from the amount of pressure applied in the pressing steps. A watermark is made when an imprint is left by a wire design attached to the screen.

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper Industry is the property of China Pulp & Paper Industry Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper Industry is the property of China Pulp & Paper Industry Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article reports that the U.S. exports of scrap paper and forest products declined for the fourth consecutive year in 2021, as the industry struggled to recover from China's reluctance to accept stricter environmental restrictions in receiving countries, and low vessel schedule reliability that has led to jammed warehouses and lost sales. It mentions about imports of mixed paper under its Green Sword policy and expanded those prohibitions to imports of solid paper waste.

Asia Pulp & Paper Co. has reportedly entered the bidding for a stake in Vinda International Holdings Ltd., a Hong Kong-listed tissue maker. The Indonesian pulp producer has submitted a preliminary proposal to buy Vinda stock from its majority owner, Essity AB, at a price of over HK$20 per share. APP already sells tissues in China under various brands. Other potential suitors may also emerge, and there is no certainty that APP will proceed with a binding bid. Vinda owns one of China's top tissue brands and also produces products for feminine care, baby care, and incontinence. [Extracted from the article]

What Does a New White Paper Tell Us About China's International Aid? China's new white paper on international development cooperation has spurred a renewed debate around the Chinese government's aid. According to the white paper published in 2014, China spent 89.34 billion RMB on aid, including 32.32 billion RMB in the form of grants (36.2 percent of the total) from 2010 to 2012. [Extracted from the article]

Paper cutting is an ancient art in China largely performed by women in the countryside. Using red paper, they cut festive and auspicious images which are hung on doorways, windows, and elsewhere. For centuries the images and techniques survived in rural China. Recently such papercuts have become the focus of collectors, national programs, and professors who are dedicated to preserving the native art. Modern artists have taken this ancient art and transformed it into a new and exciting form of contemporary expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the history of coins and paper money in China.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of energy technological innovation on carbon emissions in China from 2001 to 2016. Design/methodology/approach: Conditional mean (CM) methods are first applied to implement our investigation. Then, considering the tremendous heterogeneity in China, quantile regression is further employed to comprehensively investigate the potential heterogeneous effect between energy technological innovation and carbon emission intensity. Findings: The results suggest that renewable energy technological innovation has a significantly positive effect on carbon emission intensity in lower quantile areas and a negative effect in higher quantile areas. Contrarily, fossil energy technological innovation exerts a negative correlation with carbon emission intensity in lower quantile areas and a positive effect on carbon emission intensity in higher quantiles areas. Originality/value: Considering that energy consumption is the main source of CO2 emissions, it is of great importance to study the impact of energy technological innovation on carbon emissions. However, the previous studies mainly focus on the impact of integrated technological innovation on carbon emissions, ignoring the impact of energy technological innovation on carbon emissions mitigation. To fill this gap, we construct an extended STIRPAT model to examine the effects of renewable energy technological innovation and fossil energy technological innovation on carbon emissions in this paper. The results can provide a reference for the government to formulate carbon mitigation policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2023, China's mechanical paper and paperboard output recorded 144 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 6.6%; paper enterprises above designated size achieved operating income of 1393 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 2.4%; total profits was 51 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.4%. The coming period will be a critical period for the transformation and upgrading of China's papermaking industry. Facing the complex and ever-changing external environment, we must focus on promoting innovative breakthroughs, quality improvement and upgrading in the paper industry, and enhancing the core competitiveness of independent brands. Starting from this issue, the column "Annual Summary" is launched to review the development of China's paper industry in 2023 from multiple perspectives. This issue summarizes the development of some influential pulp, paper, and related enterprises, outlining the annual development of the industry. Now let’s review the achievements and development highlights of these companies in 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the recycling habits of the Chinese paper industry. The article reports that since 2002, China has recycled 65 million tonnes of the world's waste paper. However, China also imports about 8 million tonnes of wood pulp every year to produce high-quality paper. Although two-thirds is sourced from sustainable forests in the Americas and Europe, the rest comes from unsustainable sources in Indonesia and eastern Russia.

The article discusses the pressures facing scrap paper exports to China as Resource Information Systems Inc. (RISI) data showed that world recovered paper demand has grown by around 70 million tonnes from 2001 to 2011. It notes that U.S., Japan and Great Britain are some of the main suppliers of imported scrap paper to China. The market for old corrugated containers (OCC), China's inspection initiative called Operation Green Fence, and the waste fiber business of Ekman are also discussed.

This article discusses the history of paper. Paper originated in China in 105 A.D., though in 3500 B.C., Egyptians used a similar material called papyrus. Prior to the industrial revolution, paper was made by hand, but this was soon transformed from a labor intensive process into a mechanized industry ready for global mass production. As of 2005, the paper industry continues to grow, with industrialized nations accounting for about 87 percent of the world's paper output. It is said that paper is set to grow at a rate of 2.4 percent every year. INSET: Making paper.

While reaffirming China's longstanding "peace and development" line and offering a more positive take on many developments in Asia, the 2019 Defense White Paper highlights many negative features of the global security environment. This suggests an unresolved internal contradiction in China's security views and policies. Such an apparent contradiction is perhaps resolved by the Defense White Paper's description of strategic competition as driven largely by the U.S., not by China, and out of step with deeper global trends. Indeed, the PLA under Xi Jinping is depicted as working with other countries to realize Xi's "shared community for mankind" as it strengthens its deterrence capabilities. Yet this propaganda-laden take reinforces the suspicions of many regarding China's "real" goals. Beijing must inject a much more pragmatic, hard-power perspective into its public security stance and engage Washington on that basis in order to realize a meaningful level of stability based on mutual accommodation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pulp and paper sector has been a significant source of water pollution in China for many years. The Chinese government has made great efforts on water pollution control for the pulp and paper sector. While actively participating in various international treaties and conventions related to environmental management and pollution control in this sector, China has created a comprehensive environmental management framework, including several environmental policies, regulations and standards. This study reviews the current environmental framework for the management and control of water pollutants generated by the pulp and paper industry in China, with reference to relevant experiences. Apart from assessing the achievements that China has made, this study proposes some recommendations to further enhance water pollution control capacity and facilitate effective legal enforcement. Approaches such as improvements to environmental standards and permit systems, technical upgrading, cleaner production strategy, environmental monitoring improvements, integration of financing channels for environmental improvement, and enhancement of social responsibilities of enterprises are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Dalian Polytechnic University in China has explored the use of paper-based microfluidic chips for detecting food safety issues. These chips offer a compact, cost-effective, and efficient method for rapid detection of hazards in food. The study focuses on the functionalization of these chips and provides an overview of their applications in colorimetric analysis, fluorescence analysis, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. The researchers also discuss the challenges and future prospects of these analytical methods in facilitating swift and reliable food safety assessment. This research is important for addressing the paramount concerns of food safety and quality in order to ensure human well-being. [Extracted from the article]

Qianlong Xuan paper, lost two hundred years ago, was reproduced by engineers in Red-Star Xuan Paper Limited Liability Company of China. Its remarkable performance and profound historical value are highly regarded by artists and the paper commands very high price in the commercial market. Ink penetrates and spreads optimally in the paper and the words exhibit clear edges with small fluctuations because of the desirable wettability and wicking. These characteristics make it stand out from three Xuan paper samples. The good wettability, verified by contact angle measurements, is an essential prerequisite to strong wicking. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy is performed to determine the chemical structure of Qianlong Xuan paper and the relatively large hydrogen bonding ratio contributes to the hydrophilicity. The microstructure investigated by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy reveals wide fibers and a uniform fiber arrangement with good connectivity, dense network, as well as rough fiber surface. These unique properties endow Qianlong Xuan paper with strong wicking to improve the ink expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents commentary on various international and domestic U.S. politics as of the week of April 24, 1971. U.S. foreign economic and political relations with China are discussed in detail. The forced closings of domestic paper mills due to Federal anti-pollution standards are reviewed. The State Department's foreign training programs for police methods and anti-communism is described.

Offers analysis of and excerpts from 'The Tiananmen Papers: The Chinese Leadership's Decision to Use Force Against Their Own People--In Their Own Words,' which details the decision by the Chinese government to use force in the suppression of democratic demonstrations by students in Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China. How transcripts of conversations between Chinese Communist leaders came to be available for publication in the West; Justification of the force used to end the demonstration; Concerns of the leaders at that time.

The article reports on the 2016 Australia's Defense White Paper released in February 2016 which supports the assertion that the future of Australian Defence Force will be more capable of operations to deter and defeat threats to Australia. Topics include the promise to raise defense spending to 2% of gross domestic product, anxieties about the rise of China, and the issue of China's centrality to Australia's future.

China's 50-yuan note features a controversial ruler, Mao Tse Tung, and the Potala Palace in Tibet, which was once the Dalai Lama's winter home. The note has a unique design, with a changing serial number and a watermark of Mao. Mao's leadership was marked by the persecution of intellectuals and dissidents, as well as the destruction of cultural artifacts. The Potala Palace, known for its strong cultural significance, is depicted on the back of the note. Collectors interested in world leaders, China, Tibet, and the Dalai Lama may find this note appealing. [Extracted from the article]

China has released new rules for its national carbon market in an effort to reduce an oversupply of permits and encourage large polluters to transition to greener practices. The rules include stricter limits on carrying over unused permits from previous years and a ban on borrowing allowances from future years. These changes aim to create a "slight shortage" of allowances in the market, as opposed to the early years when an abundance of free allowances kept prices low and limited the incentive for power companies to reduce emissions. The market, which began trading in 2021, has faced criticism for its limited impact on emissions in the world's largest polluter. The new rules also set emissions targets for power utilities and require annual compliance reporting. The rules will not constrain power generation, will benefit the most efficient plants, and will continue to exempt gas-burning plants. The market price for allowances has risen since February in anticipation of tighter policies and an earlier compliance deadline. [Extracted from the article]