Search

A recent report from researchers at First People's Hospital in Hunan, China explores the potential of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as predictive markers for treatment response in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The study analyzed 40 papers and found that low NLR and PLR were associated with higher objective response rates and disease control rates, while high NLR and PLR were linked to a higher probability of disease progression. The researchers concluded that these ratios could be used alongside other markers to determine treatment efficacy in immunotherapy. This research provides valuable insights for clinicians and researchers in the field of cancer treatment. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Biomedicine; Biotechnology; Blood Cells; Health and Medicine; Hemic and Immune Systems; Immunology; Lymphocytes; Mononuclear Leukocytes EN Biomedicine Biotechnology Blood Cells Health and Medicine Hemic and Immune Systems Immunology Lymphocytes Mononuclear Leukocytes 599 599 1 07/31/23 20230731 NES 230731 2023 AUG 4 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Genomics & Genetics Weekly -- New research on biomedicine is the subject of a new report. The paper discusses the reasons for the increased plasticity of Th17 cells in comparison with the main T helper populations (Th1 and Th2) and considers in detail the mechanisms of formation of IFNg producing Th17, taking into account not only the redifferentiation of mature Th17, but also possible alternative pathways, in particular, Th1 cell redifferentiation or naive CD4+T lymphocytes direct differentiation into cells with an intermediate Th1/Th17 phenotype. [Extracted from the article]

This paper describes a new approach that made it possible for a size-based separation method to isolate a desired subset of lymphocytes by making unwanted lymphocytes as well as other blood cells artificially larger. Keywords: Houston; State:Texas; United States; North and Central America; Blood Cells; Cell Research; Drugs and Therapies; Health and Medicine; Hemic and Immune Systems; Immunology; Immunotherapy; Leukocytes; Lymphocyte Subsets; Lymphocytes; Mononuclear Leukocytes; Pharmaceuticals EN Houston State:Texas United States North and Central America Blood Cells Cell Research Drugs and Therapies Health and Medicine Hemic and Immune Systems Immunology Immunotherapy Leukocytes Lymphocyte Subsets Lymphocytes Mononuclear Leukocytes Pharmaceuticals 1687 1687 1 04/24/23 20230425 NES 230425 2023 APR 28 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Immunotherapy Weekly -- Investigators publish new report on Drugs and Therapies - Immunotherapy. However, further separation of a specific lymphocyte subset from other unwanted lymphocytes using size-based methods is impossible because all lymphocytes have approximately the same size and can only be distinguished by surface markers. [Extracted from the article]

The therapy, which harnesses immune cells collected from the patient's own tumors, could provide a new treatment option to cancer patients, potentially bypassing radiation therapies and harsh chemotherapy drugs. Keywords: Biological Therapy; Biomedical Engineering; Biomedicine; Biotechnology; Blood Cells; Cancer; Cell Research; Cell Therapy; Chemistry; Drug Development; Drugs and Therapies; Engineering; Health and Medicine; Hemic and Immune Systems; Hospitals; Immunology; Immunotherapy; Investment and Finance; Lymphocytes; Melanoma; Mononuclear Leukocytes; Northwestern University; Oncology; Technology EN Biological Therapy Biomedical Engineering Biomedicine Biotechnology Blood Cells Cancer Cell Research Cell Therapy Chemistry Drug Development Drugs and Therapies Engineering Health and Medicine Hemic and Immune Systems Hospitals Immunology Immunotherapy Investment and Finance Lymphocytes Melanoma Mononuclear Leukocytes Northwestern University Oncology Technology 617 617 1 04/24/23 20230425 NES 230425 2023 APR 25 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Immunotherapy Weekly -- Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has become a promising immunotherapy tool to help treat advanced melanoma. [Extracted from the article]

Dr. Ming Li and his lab at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center are dedicated to understanding the immune system and its role in cancer. They conduct basic science research to uncover the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in immune regulation. Dr. Li's lab has made significant discoveries in the field of immunotherapy, including a tumor suppression pathway that could be used for new treatment approaches. They focus on lymphocytes, particularly helper T cells, and have also studied the role of macrophages in cancer. Their research aims to improve immunotherapy and make it more effective for a wider range of cancers. [Extracted from the article]

According to Lo, the newly discovered M cells are extremely similar to the M cells seen in the gut and airways. Lo explained that for many years the thymus has been a tissue of interest to immunologists because most of the immune system's development is centered and dependent on the thymus. Keywords: Blood Cells; Health and Medicine; Hemic and Immune Systems; Immunology; Lymphocytes; Mononuclear Leukocytes; University of California - Riverside EN Blood Cells Health and Medicine Hemic and Immune Systems Immunology Lymphocytes Mononuclear Leukocytes University of California - Riverside 7210 7210 1 09/19/23 20230922 NES 230922 2023 SEP 22 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- RIVERSIDE, Calif. -- It came as a surprise to Professor David Lo and his graduate student Diana Del Castillo when they were recently consulted by researchers in Israel for their expertise on specialized cells called Microfold cells, or M cells, which are mostly known for their presence in the intestinal epithelium. [Extracted from the article]

Blood Cells, COVID-19, Coronavirus, Health and Medicine, Hemic and Immune Systems, Immunology, Leukocytes, Lymphocyte Subsets, Lymphocytes, Mononuclear Leukocytes, Pediatrics, RNA Viruses, SARS-CoV-2, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, Viral, Virology Keywords: Blood Cells; COVID-19; Coronavirus; Health and Medicine; Hemic and Immune Systems; Immunology; Leukocytes; Lymphocyte Subsets; Lymphocytes; Mononuclear Leukocytes; Pediatrics; RNA Viruses; SARS-CoV-2; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2; Viral; Virology EN Blood Cells COVID-19 Coronavirus Health and Medicine Hemic and Immune Systems Immunology Leukocytes Lymphocyte Subsets Lymphocytes Mononuclear Leukocytes Pediatrics RNA Viruses SARS-CoV-2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Viral Virology 373 373 1 04/03/23 20230409 NES 230409 2023 APR 9 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at NewsRx COVID-19 Weekly -- Current study results on COVID-19 have been published. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Antibodies; Biotechnology; Blood Cells; Blood Proteins; Cancer; Health and Medicine; Hematology; Hemic and Immune Systems; Immunoglobulins; Immunology; Immunoproteins; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Medical University of South Carolina; Monoclonal Antibodies; Natural Killer Cells; Neuroblastomas; Oncology; Pharmaceuticals; Proteins; Serum Globulins; Therapy EN Antibodies Biotechnology Blood Cells Blood Proteins Cancer Health and Medicine Hematology Hemic and Immune Systems Immunoglobulins Immunology Immunoproteins Leukocytes Lymphocytes Medical University of South Carolina Monoclonal Antibodies Natural Killer Cells Neuroblastomas Oncology Pharmaceuticals Proteins Serum Globulins Therapy 380 380 1 03/23/23 20230314 NES 230314 2023 MAR 14 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Immunotherapy Weekly -- An MUSC Hollings Cancer Center research team has created what team members believe to be among the first small molecules designed to stimulate immune cells to fight cancer. Mills explained that the small molecule the team created has the potential to one day be an adjuvant therapy, a therapy that boosts the effects of another treatment, for other cancers in addition to neuroblastoma. [Extracted from the article]

In this paper we study the global dynamics of a cancer chemotherapy system presented by de Pillis et al. (2007). This mathematical model describes the interaction between tumor cells, effector-immune cells, circulating lymphocytes and chemotherapy treatment. By applying the localization method of compact invariant sets, we find lower and upper bounds for these three cells populations. Further, we define a bounded domain in R + , 0 4 where all compact invariant sets of the system are located and provide conditions under which this domain is positively invariant. We apply LaSalle’s invariance principle and one result concerning two-dimensional competitive systems in order to derive sufficient conditions for tumor clearance and global asymptotic stability of the tumor-free equilibrium point. These conditions are computed by using bounds of the localization domain and they are given in terms of the chemotherapy treatment. Finally, we perform numerical simulations in order to illustrate our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A preprint abstract from biorxiv.org discusses the importance of enhancing HLA-DR expression in cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) for the development of effective adoptive T cell therapies for breast cancer. The study found that CTLs with high HLA-DR levels in the tumor microenvironment have a better response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and exhibit stronger anti-tumor properties. The researchers conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments to clarify the role of HLA-DR in CTLs' anti-tumor abilities and refined a protocol to expand ex vivo HLA-DR-expressing CTLs. They also discovered that blocking HLA-DR or depleting CD4+ T cells compromised CTLs' activation and cytotoxicity. The study suggests that increasing HLA-DR expression in CTLs, particularly through the combination of anti-PD-1 therapy and short-term stimulation, holds promise for improving T lymphocyte-based therapies for breast cancer. [Extracted from the article]

A report from the Universidad Catolica del Maule in Chile presents a mathematical model that simulates the activation of regulatory T lymphocytes in response to viral pathogens. The model considers various components of the immune response, such as epithelial cells, infected cells, free virus particles, and different types of lymphocytes. The researchers conducted a mathematical analysis to determine the conditions for equilibrium solutions and stability. The study suggests that increased levels of regulatory T lymphocytes effectively suppress the inflammatory response, playing a crucial role in maintaining self-tolerance and immune homeostasis. The findings were validated through numerical simulations using data from the literature. [Extracted from the article]

The article reports on the Reduced Immunosuppression in Older Renal Transplant Recipients With Trugraf Monitoring (RIOT) Trial, a study investigating the safety and effectiveness of discontinuing Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) in kidney transplant recipients aged 55 and older. Topics include the trial's design and outcomes, participant eligibility, and the use of Trugraf® and Viracor® tests for monitoring.

Researchers from the University of Embu in Kenya have developed a mathematical model to study the dynamics of cervical cancer caused by high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV). The model incorporates the interactions between basal cells, virions, and lymphocytes, and analyzes the basic reproduction number (R0) to determine the stability of disease-free and endemic equilibrium points. The findings of this research can help healthcare providers and public health authorities in developing effective prevention strategies for cervical cancer. Further research is needed to determine the exact number of cancerous cells that can lead to the death of a cervical cancer patient. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the George Emil Palade University of Medicine in Targu Mures, Romania, discusses the use of blood-count-derived inflammatory markers as predictors of response to biologics and small-molecule inhibitors in psoriasis. The study found that these markers can serve as indicators of treatment response, with the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), platelet-to-monocyte ratio (PMR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (d-NLR), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), and aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI) all varying significantly between visits. The study also identified higher baseline values of d-NLR and SIRI as independent predictors of super-responders. This research provides valuable insights into the use of inflammatory markers in assessing treatment response in psoriasis. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from Universitas Sebelas Maret in Surakarta, Indonesia, discusses the role of the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as a prognostic predictive marker in adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The study conducted a systematic review of relevant studies and found that a high level of admission PLR may independently predict an increasing mortality risk in 30 days and adverse outcomes in 6 months following TBI. However, one study suggests that PLR may have limited value compared to other hematological parameters. The research concludes that PLR can be utilized as a simple, low-cost, and routine hematological examination in rural practice. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Anhui University of Chinese Medicine in Hefei, People's Republic of China, analyzed the relationship between the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and an autoimmune disease called ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The study used bibliometric and visualization analysis to examine global research trends in this field over the past two decades. The findings suggest that NLR may serve as a biomarker for immune inflammatory response in the diagnosis and prognosis of AS. The study also identified the United States as the leading country in AS research, with Harvard University being the most productive institution. [Extracted from the article]

A review of the article “Lymphocytes eject interferogenic mitochondrial DNA webs in response to CpG and non-CpG oligodeoxynucleotides of class C" by B. Ingelsson, is presented.

A new report from Nanjing University of Science and Technology in China discusses the importance of detecting tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) on pancreatic pathological images as a prognostic indicator for pancreatic tumors. The researchers propose a weakly supervised segmentation network to detect TLSs using few-shot learning, which reduces the need for manual annotations. Their method combines a pretrained model for nuclei segmentation and a domain adversarial network for lymphocyte nuclei recognition. Experimental results show that their proposed method outperforms other segmentation-based algorithms in terms of TLSs detection accuracy. The researchers also study the relationship between TLS density and peripancreatic vascular invasion. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, China discusses the research on natural killer cells (NKCs) and their potential in cancer immunotherapy. The researchers utilized deep learning techniques to analyze the morphology and motion characteristics of NKCs in tumor contexts. They proposed an improved two-shot tracking algorithm, Distance Cascade Matching and the Re-Search method, to overcome the challenges of tracking small NKCs in complex backgrounds. The study found that polarized NKCs are more likely to move along their polarization direction and approach cancer cells, and under equilibrium, NKCs display a Boltzmann distribution on the cancer cell surface. This research provides valuable insights into the dynamics of NKCs and their interactions with cancer cells. [Extracted from the article]

A clinical trial, NCT06420284, has been launched to analyze the immunological response profiles at different clinical stages of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). The study aims to understand how these responses affect the pathogenesis, staging, and treatment of MRONJ. The trial will comprehensively assess cytokine levels, inflammation markers, and other immunological parameters to provide insights into stage-specific immunological variables that could inform the diagnosis and treatment of MRONJ. The study is currently recruiting participants and is expected to be completed by May 2025. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from Central South University in Changsha, China, explores the role of B lymphocytes in non-infectious uveitis, an autoimmune disease that can lead to severe visual impairment. While CD4+T cells have traditionally been thought to drive the immune-mediated imbalance in uveitis, recent research suggests that B cells also play a significant role in the disease process. Therapies targeting B cells, such as rituximab, have shown promise in treating non-infectious uveitis that is unresponsive to conventional treatments. This research aims to further investigate the mechanisms of B cells in uveitis and develop more effective prevention and treatment strategies. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the School of Clinical Medicine in Weifang, China, explores the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors as a treatment for cancer. The study focuses on the PD-1 and LAG-3 checkpoints and examines the efficacy of antibodies targeting these checkpoints in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The combined use of PD-1 and LAG-3 antibodies shows promising results in animal models and clinical studies for various types of cancer. This research provides valuable insights into the potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A recent article from Cancer Weekly discusses the Lysto Lymphocyte Assessment Hackathon and Benchmark Dataset, which was held in conjunction with the MICCAI 2019 Conference in Shenzhen, China. The competition required participants to automatically assess the number of lymphocytes, specifically T-cells, in images of colon, breast, and prostate cancer stained with CD3 and CD8 immunohistochemistry. The research describes the goal and organization of the hackathon, as well as the methods and results. Some participants were able to achieve pathologist-level performance at lymphocyte assessment. The Lysto dataset and evaluation platform are now available on the grand-challenge website. [Extracted from the article]

Seven new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, named propinquain E-K, together with 11 known lignans were isolated from the ethanol extract of the roots of Schisandra propinqua subsp. sinensis. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including ¹- H and 13C-NMR, 2D-NMR, HR ESI-MS, and CD spectra. Two dibenzocyclooctadienes revealed inhibitory effects on lymphocyte proliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: When high dimensional microarray data is given, it is of interest to select significant genes by controlling a given level of Type-I error. One popular way to control the level is the false discovery rate (FDR). This paper considers gene selection based on the local false discovery rate. In most of the previous studies, the null distribution of gene expression is commonly assumed to be a normal distribution. However, if the null distribution has heavier tail than that of normal, there may exist too many false discoveries leading to the failure of controlling the given level of FDR. We propose a novel procedure which enriches a class of null distribution based on a mixture of normals. We present simulation studies to show that our proposed procedure is less sensitive to variation of null distribution than local false discovery rate with a single normal for the null. We also provide real example of gene expression profiles of antigen-specific human CD8+ T-lymphocytes treated with cytokine Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and Interleukin-15 (IL-15) for comparison. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

From the dried roots of CAMPYLOTROPIS HIRTELLA (Franch.) Schindl., five novel isoflavonoids, 3( S)-7,2',4'-trihydroxy-5,5'-dimethoxy-6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-isoflavan ( 1), 3( S)-2',4'-dihydroxy-5,5'-dimethoxy-(6'',6''-dimethylpyrano)-(2'',3'':7,6)-isoflavan ( 2), 3( R)-5,4'-dihydroxy-2'-methoxy-3'-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-(6'',6''-dimethylpyrano)-(7,6?:?2'',3'')-isoflavanone ( 3), 3( R)-5,4'-dihydroxy-2'-methoxy-(6'',6''-dimethylpyrano)-(7,6: 2'',3'')-isoflavanone ( 4), and 3( R)-5,4'-dihydroxy-7,2'-dimethoxy-6-geranylisoflavanone ( 5) were isolated. The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. All isolates exhibited good immunosuppressive activities on mitogen-induced splenocyte proliferation, and their cytotoxicity on splenic lymphocytes was also tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A water-soluble polysaccharide (LZ-D-1) was isolated from GANODERMA LUCIDUM fruiting bodies by DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-300 high-resolution chromatography. The polysaccharide had a molecular weight of 2.8???10 4Da and was mainly composed of L-Fuc, D-Glc and D-Gal in a molar ratio of ca.1?:?1?:?5. LZ-D-1 had a sugar content of ~98.7?% as measured using the phenol-sulfuric acid method. On the basis of methylation analysis, FT-IR spectrum and NMR experiments, the structure of the repeating unit of the polysaccharide was established. LZ-D-1 had a backbone composed of 1,6-disubstituted ?- D-galactopyranosyl, 1,2,6-trisubstituted ?- D-galactopyranosyl and had a branch composed of fucose attached to O-2 of a 1,2,6-trisubstituted ?- D-galactopyranosyl residue. At the same time, the polysaccharide contained some 1,6-disubstituted glucopyranosyl residues and 1,3-disubstituted glucopyranosyl residues. An immunostimulating experiment IN VITRO indicated that LZ-D-1 stimulated proliferation of mouse spleen lymphocytes. HPAEC:High-performance anion-exchangechromatography PHA:Phytohaemagglutinin PMAAs:Partially methylated alditol acetates [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distribution of polyphenolic compounds in a grape ( VITIS VINIFERA) seed extract (GSE) was determined using LC/ESI-TOF MS, HPLC/DAD, and 13C-NMR. The 17 identified compounds comprised gallic and protocatechuic acid, catetchin and epicatechin monomers, procyanidin oligomers, and procyanidin gallates. This study addresses the IN VITRO effects of grape seed extract (GSE) on the frequency of micronuclei with reference to the antioxidant status in human lymphocytes. To establish the most effective protective support, we used four different concentrations of GSE, in the range 1 - 6 ?g/mL. Treatment of lymphocytes with GSE at a concentration of 2.5 ?g/mL induced a significant decrease in the frequency of micronuclei by 40 %, reduction of malonyldialdehyde production by 30 %, while a concentration of 5 ?g/mL increased catalase and glutathione S-transferase activity by 10 % and 15 %, respectively. These results demonstrate that GSE may be effective in the prevention of oxidative lymphocyte damage by ROS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to identify active principles of GENTIANELLA AUSTRIACA responsible for the reduction of the incidence of micronuclei in irradiated lymphocytes IN VITRO. The radioprotective effects of ether (EF) and methanolic (MeF) fractions, water-soluble xanthones demethylbellidifolin ( 1), demethylbellidifolin 8- O-glucoside ( 2), bellidifolin 8- O-glucoside ( 3), and flavonoid swertisin ( 4) against chromosomal damage induced by ?-rays were determined using the micronucleus test. EF and MeF showed better protection in treatment of human lymphocytes after ?-irradiation than did isolated compounds. Among the isolated compounds, the effectiveness in reduction of the frequency of micronuclei followed the order 4 > 3 > 2 > 1. The anti-lipoperoxidant activity was in the order 2 > 4 > 1, while 3 slightly increased the level of malondialdehyde. In addition, the effectiveness in induction of apoptosis followed the order, 3 > 2 > 4, while 1 had no proapoptotic effect. These results suggest that the antioxidative properties of the polyphenols tested may contribute to the radioprotective effects of G. AUSTRIACA. SUPPORTING INFORMATION available online at http://www.thieme-connect.de/ejournals/toc/plantamedica [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientists at Juntendo University School of Medicine in Japan have made a breakthrough in developing a potential therapy for cervical cancer. They have successfully engineered rejuvenated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (rejTs) from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to target HPV-specific antigens expressed in cervical cancer cells. By using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, the researchers were able to modify the iPSCs to evade attacks from the patient's immune system. In preclinical experiments, the gene-edited rejTs showed promising results in fighting cervical cancer cells while evading immune responses. The researchers plan to conduct a clinical trial in 2024. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Tehran University of Medical Sciences explores the use of biomarkers for the early diagnosis of depression. The researchers suggest that the Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) may be a more informative marker for early diagnosis compared to other commonly used markers. Elevated NLR levels have been associated with depression, indicating that it could be a valuable and cost-effective method for evaluating depression in outpatient clinic settings. However, further studies on larger samples and considering important confounding factors are needed to draw conclusive statements. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Capital Medical University in Beijing, China, has explored the role of T lymphocyte suppressor receptors in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The study found that these receptors, such as PD-1, CTLA-4, Tim-3, LAG3, 2B4, CD160, BTLA, and TIGIT, can inhibit the immune and proliferative abilities of T cells, leading to compromised immunity and persistent HBV infection. The researchers suggest that targeting these suppressor receptors through immunotherapy, in combination with antiviral treatments, may offer a promising approach to achieving a functional cure for chronic HBV infection. However, further research is needed to develop effective combination therapeutic strategies. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from University Hospital Heidelberg in Germany discusses the emerging field of Cancer Neuroscience, which explores the role of the nervous system in cancer initiation, progression, and therapy resistance. The study reveals the discovery of excitatory synapses between neurons and cancer cells that drive tumor growth and invasion. It also highlights the paracrine interactions between neurons and cancer cells, as well as the impact of the nervous system on cancer-related pain and neurological complications. The findings suggest that targeting neuro-cancer interactions could lead to new cancer therapies and improved treatments for neurological dysfunctions and cancer pain. [Extracted from the article]

According to a study published in Nature Communications, immune cells called natural killer cells (NK cells) lose their functionality when they enter solid tumors. The researchers found that NK cells adopt a dormant state in tumors, resulting in the loss of key effector mechanisms used to promote immune responses. However, the study also found that targeting the IL-15 pathway can re-awaken the dormant killer instinct in NK cells. Another related study found that some dendritic cells (DCs) become trapped in tumors and lose their ability to stimulate anti-tumor immune responses. The researchers suggest that understanding and overcoming these impairments could boost anti-tumor responses. [Extracted from the article]

A systematic review and meta-analysis conducted by researchers at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences examined the significance of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in anastomotic leak (AL) after gastrointestinal surgeries. The study included 12 studies with a total of 2940 individuals who had GI operations, 353 of whom developed AL. The findings suggest a potential association between preoperative NLR and postoperative AL, with significantly higher NLR levels observed in retrospective studies and among white patients. However, further investigations with larger and more diverse cohorts are needed to validate these findings and explore potential contributing factors. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted in Bucharest, Romania, explored the prognostic significance of preoperative inflammation markers on the long-term outcomes in peritoneal carcinomatosis from ovarian cancer. The researchers retrospectively reviewed the data of 57 patients who underwent surgery for advanced-stage ovarian cancer between 2014 and 2020. They found that higher levels of the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and systemic immune inflammation index (SII) were associated with poorer overall survival, suggesting that patients with these markers may benefit more from neoadjuvant systemic therapy followed by interval surgery rather than complete debulking surgery. The study provides insights into potential prognostic factors for ovarian cancer treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application has been filed for a method and kit to detect cell-mediated immune responses. The method involves administering an immunogenic composition containing the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 or a fragment thereof to a human subject. The magnitude of induration and erythema in the skin at the injection site is measured to assess the immune response. The kit includes the immunogenic composition and means for intradermal injection. The invention aims to elicit an immune response in individuals without active SARS-CoV-2 infection and can be used for diagnostic purposes. [Extracted from the article]

It has been known for years that patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) have a defect in a major antiviral pathway, the 2-5A/RNase L pathway. The RNaseL produces non-specific viral cleavage and, thus, protects us from many viral infections (innate immunity). Defects in this pathway not only lead to susceptibility to viral infections but may also increase our susceptibility to tumor development. The RNaseL gene, called Human Prostate Cancer 1 (HPC1), has a variant R462Q related to a potential etiologic agent of prostate cancer, a novel human retrovirus, xenotropic murine leukemia virus (MuLV), named XMRV. So, it was by a bit of serendipity that a group of workers headed by several from the Whittemore Peterson Institute in Reno, Nevada, asked if XMRV could be associated with CFS. What led to any rationale connection between prostate cancer and CFS is not clear, but the question led to a series of experiments that culminated in a very recent publication showing an association between the presence of this retrovirus in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with CFS. We are dealing here with intricate science that surely took these 13 scientists and a host of technicians years to produce. Yet the paper contains astounding findings that I'll try to summarize succinctly, for besides the eight primary article pages from Science Express, there are 18 additional pages of "supporting" materials that also contain fascinating data. Here is what the paper reports. In 101 banked samples of PBMCs, 67% (68) were positive for a XMRV gag sequence. Next, seven of 11 PBMC CFS samples held at the Cleveland Clinic were shown to have XMRV gag plus env. Only 3.7% of PBMC DNA from healthy controls had XMRV gag when tested by PCR. Amazingly, those gag and env sequences were nearly identical to those from XMRV from prostate cancer-associated strains (PLoS Pathol. 2006;2:211). Full-length SMRV from two patients differed from prostate cancer strain VP62 by only six nucleotides, showing again a > 99% identity between the CFS and prostate cancer XMRV. A phylogenetic comparison of six isolates from CFS/Prostate cancer showed them to be significantly different from other murine leukemic viruses. In all, 50 other isolates of MLV were used to make the neighbor-joining trees. The suspected closest relatives were other xenotropic murine viruses (Xmv 15-19 and Xmv 10, 13, 16) and polytropic (Pmv) plus modified polytropic (Mmpv) viruses, which were in fact very removed genetically from XMRV. Next, it was shown that several antibodies with "novel viral specificities" all reacted with VP62 XMRV proteins when grown in several cell lines, including a line called LNCaP of prostate cells that are known to permit infection with MXRV. Flow cytometry of activated lymphocytes also showed that 19 of 30 PBMC CFS samples reacted with antibodies to MLV P30 Gag and other MLV proteins whereas PBMCs from normal patients were negative, for an odds ratio of 54.1. (confidence intervals of 23.8-122). So, there is a non-random association of CFS PBMCs with XMRV. Both activated T and B cells from CFS were infected with XMRV. The next experiment was quite ingenious. PBMCs from CFS patients were co-cultured with LNCaP cells, the ones defective in RNaseL pathways. The LNCaP cells became infected, as shown by presence of XMRV gag and env proteins and by the presence of whole virus, as seen by electron microscope both at the time of infection and upon release. The electron micrographs are quite stunning. The same type of infectivity was also seen when only plasma from CFS patients was applied to LNCaP cells. Thus, cell-associated and cell-free virus seems to be infectious, at least to some cell lines. Finally, it was shown that 50% of plasma samples from patients with CFS have a humoral response to XMRV, demonstrated by presence in flow cytometry assays of antibodies to a viral env closely related to XMRV env. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Blood Cells; Breast Cancer; Cancer; Drugs and Therapies; Health and Medicine; Hemic and Immune Systems; Immunology; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Mononuclear Leukocytes; Oncology; Pharmaceuticals; Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes; Women's Health EN Blood Cells Breast Cancer Cancer Drugs and Therapies Health and Medicine Hemic and Immune Systems Immunology Leukocytes Lymphocytes Mononuclear Leukocytes Oncology Pharmaceuticals Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Women's Health 1472 1472 1 10/09/23 20231013 NES 231013 2023 OCT 10 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Women's Health Weekly -- New study results on breast cancer have been published. For more information on this research see: Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILS) and PD-L1 Expression in Breast Cancer: A Review of Current Evidence and Prognostic Implications from Pathologist's Perspective. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Basal Ganglia Diseases and Conditions; Blood Cells; Brain Diseases and Conditions; Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions; Granulocytes; Health and Medicine; Hemic and Immune Systems; Immunology; Lymphocytes; Mononuclear Leukocytes; Movement Disorders; Nervous System Diseases and Conditions; Neurodegenerative Diseases and Conditions; Neutrophils; Parkinson's Disease; Parkinsonian Disorders; Phagocytes EN Basal Ganglia Diseases and Conditions Blood Cells Brain Diseases and Conditions Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions Granulocytes Health and Medicine Hemic and Immune Systems Immunology Lymphocytes Mononuclear Leukocytes Movement Disorders Nervous System Diseases and Conditions Neurodegenerative Diseases and Conditions Neutrophils Parkinson's Disease Parkinsonian Disorders Phagocytes 1119 1119 1 10/09/23 20231013 NES 231013 2023 OCT 9 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Pain & Central Nervous System Week -- A new study on Parkinson's disease is now available. Basal Ganglia Diseases and Conditions, Blood Cells, Brain Diseases and Conditions, Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions, Granulocytes, Health and Medicine, Hemic and Immune Systems, Immunology, Lymphocytes, Mononuclear Leukocytes, Movement Disorders, Nervous System Diseases and Conditions, Neurodegenerative Diseases and Conditions, Neutrophils, Parkinson's Disease, Parkinsonian Disorders, Phagocytes. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Leskovac; Serbia; Europe; Acute-Phase Proteins; Albumins; Blood Cells; C-Reactive Protein; Cell Research; Health and Medicine; Hemic and Immune Systems; Immunology; Immunoproteins; Infectious Diseases and Conditions; Lymphocytes; Measles; Mononuclear Leukocytes; Pediatrics; Proteins; Proteomics EN Leskovac Serbia Europe Acute-Phase Proteins Albumins Blood Cells C-Reactive Protein Cell Research Health and Medicine Hemic and Immune Systems Immunology Immunoproteins Infectious Diseases and Conditions Lymphocytes Measles Mononuclear Leukocytes Pediatrics Proteins Proteomics 109 109 1 10/09/23 20231012 NES 231012 2023 OCT 12 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Hematology Week -- Current study results on Infectious Diseases and Conditions - Measles have been published. For more information on this research see: C-reactive Protein Is a More Valuable Marker In Predicting the Severity of Complications In Measles-affected Children Compared To Blood Cell Count-derived Inflammatory Indices. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Blood Cancer; Blood Cells; Cancer; Convolutional Network; Emerging Technologies; Health and Medicine; Hemic and Immune Systems; Immunology; Lymphocytes; Machine Learning; Mononuclear Leukocytes; Networks; Neural Networks; Oncology EN Blood Cancer Blood Cells Cancer Convolutional Network Emerging Technologies Health and Medicine Hemic and Immune Systems Immunology Lymphocytes Machine Learning Mononuclear Leukocytes Networks Neural Networks Oncology 1283 1283 1 10/03/23 20231003 NES 231003 2023 OCT 3 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Cancer Weekly -- New research on blood cancer is the subject of a new report. Blood Cancer, Blood Cells, Cancer, Convolutional Network, Emerging Technologies, Health and Medicine, Hemic and Immune Systems, Immunology, Lymphocytes, Machine Learning, Mononuclear Leukocytes, Networks, Neural Networks, Oncology. [Extracted from the article]

Three previously undescribed cardenolides, acovenosigenin A 3- O - α -L-acofriopyranoside (1), 14-anhydroacovenosigenin A 3- O -[ β -D-glucopyranosyl-(1″→4′)- O - α -L-acofriopyranoside] (2), and 14-anhydroacovenosigenin A 3- O -[ β -D-glucopyranosyl-(1″→4′)- O - α -L-acovenopyranoside] (3), together with the two already known ones, 14-anhydrodigitoxigenin 3- O - β -D-glucopyranoside (4) and acospectoside A (5), were isolated from the leaves of Acokanthera oblongifolia. The influence of cardenolides 1 – 3 and acovenoside A (found in the Acokanthera genus) on three cancer cell lines (HT29, HCT116, and AGS) was also investigated. The most promising results, in comparison with oxaliplatin, were obtained for compound 1 , which was found to be highly cytotoxic for all tested cell lines, HT29 (IC50 = 63.49 nM), HCT116 (IC50 = 67.35 nM), and AGS (IC50 = 80.92 nM). Unfortunately, 1 also showed similar toxicity towards normal lymphocytes (IC50 = 98.03 nM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In one embodiment, one or both of the second or third population of TILs comprises an increased subpopulation of effector T cells and/or central memory T cells relative to the first or second population of TILs. The method of claim 1, wherein one or both of the second or third population of TILs comprises an increased subpopulation of effector T cells and/or central memory T cells relative to the first or second population of TILs. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Antigen-Presenting Cells; Biological Products; Biotechnology; Blood Cells; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cancer; Cancer Gene Therapy; Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells; Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes; Dendritic Cells; Drugs and Therapies; Emerging Technologies; Gene Therapy; Health and Medicine; Hemic and Immune Systems; Immunization; Immunology; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Mononuclear Leukocytes; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Nanobodies; Nanotechnology; Oncology; Pharmaceuticals; T-Lymphocytes; Vaccines EN Antigen-Presenting Cells Biological Products Biotechnology Blood Cells CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cancer Cancer Gene Therapy Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes Dendritic Cells Drugs and Therapies Emerging Technologies Gene Therapy Health and Medicine Hemic and Immune Systems Immunization Immunology Leukocytes Lymphocytes Mononuclear Leukocytes Mononuclear Phagocyte System Nanobodies Nanotechnology Oncology Pharmaceuticals T-Lymphocytes Vaccines 22 22 1 07/24/23 20230724 NES 230724 2023 JUL 24 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Cancer Gene Therapy Week -- Researchers detail new data in cancer gene therapy. For more information on this research see: A novel CTLA-4 blocking strategy based on nanobody enhances the activity of dendritic cell vaccine-stimulated antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes. [Extracted from the article]

Blood Cells, Cancer, Drugs and Therapies, Health and Medicine, Hemic and Immune Systems, Immunology, Immunotherapy, Leukocytes, Lymphocytes, Natural Killer Cells, Oncology Keywords: Blood Cells; Cancer; Drugs and Therapies; Health and Medicine; Hemic and Immune Systems; Immunology; Immunotherapy; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Natural Killer Cells; Oncology EN Blood Cells Cancer Drugs and Therapies Health and Medicine Hemic and Immune Systems Immunology Immunotherapy Leukocytes Lymphocytes Natural Killer Cells Oncology 648 648 1 07/10/23 20230711 NES 230711 2023 JUL 11 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Immunotherapy Weekly -- Investigators publish new report on cancer. [Extracted from the article]

Among the known or suspected risk factors, inflammation plays an important role in infectious and non-infectious pathways leading to cancer. Green tea polyphenols have been associated with reducing inflammation and protection against carcinogenesis, especially in prostate cancer. While most of the research in this field, so far, has focussed on epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate only, we studied epicatechin-3-O-gallate, the second most abundant green tea polyphenol with essential therapeutic potential, to obtain a more detailed understanding of its anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory action. Furthermore, to improve the bioactivity of (--)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, we synthesized a difluoro analogue, called (--)-5,7-difluoro-epicatechin-3-O-gallate. Both compounds reduced cell proliferation of human primary inflammatory lymphocytes in an apoptosis-specific fashion, while (--)-5,7-difluoro-epicatechin- 3-O-gallate had a significantly higher activity compared to the natural product (--)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate. Treatment of low-metastatic LNCaP and high-metastatic PC-3 prostate cancer cells with (--)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate and (--)-5,7-difluoro-epicatechin-3-O-gallate demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of cell viability in the low micromolar range. These effects suggest that (--)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate and the more effective (--)-5,7-difluoro-epicatechin-3-O-gallate could be therapeutically used to inhibit tumorigenesis during initiation, promotion, and progression by diminishing the amount of inflammation due to a reduction of inflammatory lymphocytes. Further studies are needed to prove this in in vivo experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]