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Purpose: This study compares in vitro remineralization potential and cytotoxicity of fluoride-free varnish combinations containing bioactive glass, eggshell, and membrane powder and fluoride varnish formulations on artificial caries lesions. Methods: Artificial caries lesions were formed in two windows on third molars. One of the windows was coated with one of the following varnish formulations: FV (fluoride varnish), F-BAGV (fluoride and bioactive glass containing varnish), BAGV (bioactive glass containing varnish), EPV (eggshell powder containing varnish), EMP–EPV (eggshell membrane protein and eggshell powder containing varnish), STMP-EMP–EPV (sodium trimetaphosphate-treated eggshell membrane protein and eggshell powder containing varnish). The samples were remineralized, then investigated under scanning electron microscopy, and elemental analyses were performed by X-ray dispersive analysis (EDX). In addition, the traditional colorimetric tetrazolium-based reduction assay (XTT) and the modern impedance-based real-time cell analysis system (RTCA) were used to investigate their cytotoxicity. Results: The varnish applied area’s Ca/P ratio was lower than stoichiometric hydroxyapatite except for EPV (1.66) and STMP-EMP–EPV (1.67) groups. Undiluted extracts of all varnishes, 1:2 dilutions of FV and F-BAGV groups were cytotoxic in XTT assay. In RTCA, the normalised cell index of the EMP–EPV and STMP-EMP–EPV groups was higher than the control group. Conclusion: Bioactive glass, eggshell, eggshell membrane proteins and STMP-treated eggshell and eggshell membrane protein containing varnish have similar remineralizing effect to fluoride-containing varnish on demineralized enamel. Integrating biological or bioactive components instead of fluoride into the dental varnishes might reduce cytotoxicity.

The title compound, C10H8Br2O2, consists of a tetrahydronaphthalene skeleton composed of a six-membered ring A with arene oxide, monobromo and monohydroxy atoms in cis,cis,cis configuration held in a boat conformation and a six-membered planar ring B, where the ring B carries monobromo atom. The repulsive interactions between the Br and OH atoms affect the topology of the tetrahydronaphthalene moieties.

Particular interleukins, namely interleukin (IL)-6, IL-4 and IL-1, with pro-inflammatory mediator activities have also been shown to be involved in the regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis. As rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is not uncommonly associated with reactive thrombocytosis, we investigated serum IL-la, IL-1ß, IL-4 and IL-6 concentrations in RA patients with marked thrombocytosis, and compared them to the levels in RA patients with normal platelet counts and healthy volunteers. IL-1ß, IL-4 and IL-6 concentrations were found to be correlated with the disease activity in both groups of RA patients, with higher serum levels of each cytokine in the thrombocythaemic group. Significant positive correlations of IL-1ß and IL-4 with the platelet counts were documented only in patients with thrombocytosis. According to our results, IL-6 and IL-1ß were found to be good indicators of disease activity in RA, while IL-1ß and IL-4 seemed to be related more with the process of reactive thrombocytosis secondary to rheumatoid inflammation.