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A series of novel derivatives of 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one 12a-12n has been synthesized starting from 4-nitro-(L)- phenylalanine by involving five-step reaction sequence. All the compounds were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against four pathogenic bacterial strains namely, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis (Gram-positive), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative) and in vitro antifungal activity against two pathogenic fungal strains namely, Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. All the synthesized compounds showed activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Compounds 12c and 12l exhibited maximum antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. However, against Gram-negative bacteria only five of screened compounds were found to be active. Compounds 12c and 12i displayed best antifungal activity against the tested fungi. Docking studies were carried out in order to gain insight into the mechanism of action and the binding mode of these compounds. These studies were in agreement with the biological data.

Ideally a drug should be administered in a form that it exerts its pharmacological action at the target site using the lowest concentration possible and without undesirable effects. Drug targeting is the approach which is followed for the purpose. Among different approaches preparation of synthetic glycosides of target drug and administering them orally is one of the most recent approaches. The drug glycoside on reaching colonic region releases the active drug through enzymatic action. This approach has been detailed with different successful examples. Synthetic drug-glycosides, besides being used as drug targeting agents, have been shown to exhibit varied biological activities such as antineoplastic, antidiabetic, antiinfllamatory etc., which have been reviewed. Synthetic approaches to O-, C-, N-, S glycosides have been discussed.

Synthesis of 14-deoxy-benzylidene-8,17-epoxy-diene-andrographolide derivatives from andrographolide and evaluation of their anticancer activities were described herein. 3,19 hydroxy groups of andrographolide were protected by benzylidene which undergo m-chloroperbenzoic acid mediated epoxydation in moderate yield to form corresponding epoxy derivatives. Thereafter mild basic condition was applied to perform de-hydroxylation at C-14 which resulted in conjugated diene derivatives of benzylidene epoxy andrographolide. These compounds were examined against different human cancer cell lines and were found to inhibit their proliferation at IC50in the range of 3–20 μM in order to elucidated the role of allylic hydroxyl group at C-14.

An extractive spectrophotometric method has been developed for microdetermination of molybdenum. At room temperature Mo(VI) was reduced to Mo(V) in 2 M H2SO4 using ascorbic acid as a reductant. The Mo(V) formed a yellow-coloured (1 : 2) complex with 6-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran (CHHB). The complex was quantitatively extracted into toluene and absorbed maximum at 𝜆max 404 nm. Beer’s law was obeyed over the concentration range of 2.31 μg Mo ml−1 with a molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity of 5.62×104 L mol−1 cm−1 and 0.0016 μg Mo cm−2, respectively. The relative standard deviation was 0.0025 (in absorbance units) for 10 replicate determinations of 1 μg Mo ml−1. The method was free from the interference of large number of analytically important elements. Molybdenum has been determined satisfactorily in different technical, synthetic, and environmental samples with improved accuracy and precision.

Praseodymium(III) ion selective electrodes have been prepared using N-N᾽o-phenylene-bis(salicylideneimine) as a suitable electro-active material. Several membranes comprising of varying compositions of electro-active material with epoxy resin and polyvinylchloride (PVC) as binding materials were prepared. However the one with composition 50% Schiff᾽s base and 50% binder was found to exhibit best performance. The sensor with epoxy resin as binder presents a linear dynamic range of 1.0×10-6 to 1.0×10-1 M with a Nernstian slope of 19.9 mV/decade. The sensor has a quick response time. (less than 10 s). The reproducibility of the electrode is about 6 months without any considerable, noticeable potential divergence. The sensor is effective in pH range of 3.00-8.62. In case of PVC as binding material; the results are compared for same composition of electro-active material. The sensor presents a linear dynamic range of 1.0×10-6 to 1.0×10-1 M with a slope of 14.0 mV/decade. The response time of the sensor is found to be 20s with a reproducibility of 4 months. The sensor is effective in pH range of 2.97-8.90. Effect of internal solution was studied and both the electrodes could satisfactorily be used in partially non-aqueous medium. Selectivity coefficients for both the electrodes have been determined by FIM (fixed interference method) with respect to many rare earth metal ions, alkali & alkaline earth metal ions and some transition metal ions. Both the electrodes were successfully employed as indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of Pr(III) ions with oxalic acid and EDTA.

Patients undergoing surgical treatment for calculous disease were considered to have had a partial cholecystectomy performed when a part of the gall bladder wall was retained for technical reasons. Forty patients underwent partial cholecystectomy: for chronic cholecystitis (20), acute cholecystitis (4), Mirizzi's syndrome (14), portal hypertension or partially accesible gall bladder (one patient each). Four patients (10%) developed infective complications and two patients had retained common bile duct stones. In a mean follow up period of 13 months (range 1–36 mths), only 3 patients have ongoing mild dyspeptic symptoms while the rest have remained asymptomatic. Partial cholecystectomy has been found to be a safe and effective procedure in difficult cholecystectomy situations, since it combines the merits of cholecystectomy and cholecystostomy.

The case of a large amebic liver abscess with an atypical presentation is reported. High output bile drainage persisted after ultrasound guided percutaneous catheter drainage because of a preexisting communication of the abscess with the right hepatic ductal system. The abscess was managed successfully by surgical evacuation and internal drainage into a defunctioned jejunal loop.

Background: Role of endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) in high risk patients with choledocholithiasis is established but its role in good risk patients is unclear.

A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the changes in portal venous pressure in patients with benign biliary obstruction (BBO) but without overt clinical, endoscopic or radiological evidence of portal hypertension. Portal venous pressure was measured at laparotomy in 20 patients (10 each with either benign biliary stricture or choledocholithiasis) before and after biliary decompression. Pressure was found to be on the high side in seven patients (>25 cm of saline in three patients and > 30 cm of saline in four). The mean fall of pressure was 3.4 cm of saline after biliary decompression. No correlation could, however, be found between portal venous pressure and duration of biliary obstruction, serum bilirubin or bile duct pressure. Liver histology showed mild to moderate cholestatic changes but maintained portal architecture in all. Benign biliary obstruction may therefore, lead to elevation of portal pressure, even though the patient may not necessarily have any clinical, endoscopic or radiological manifestations of portal hypertension. The pathogenesis of this ‘latent’ portal hypertension is probably multifactorial. If biliary obstruction is left untreated the development of overt portal hypertension may become a possibility in the future.

We present a case of adult hepatoblastoma. This young female presented with severe acute cholangitis. Preoperative diagnosis was common bile duct (CBD) obstruction with portal vein thrombosis. On exploration she had a tumor mass in the CBD. The unusual features of this case are discussed in this report.