Search

Two approaches were used to produce chromium oxide nanoparticles (Cr2O3NPs) from corn plant leafextract: the sol-gel (S-G) method and the simple chemical (S-C) method. These techniques were inexpensive and kind to the environment. Cr2O3NPs were found to have an average crystallite size via XRD examination of 21 nm at 200 °C, 14–94 nm at 600 °C using the S-C approach, and, the via S-G method, 13–93 nm at 200 °C and 13–92 nm at 600 °C, respectively. Using the S-G approach and the S-C process at 200 and 600 °C, respectively, Cr2O3NPs with particle sizes of 28–48 nm, 26–36 nm, 25–31 nm, and 78–200 nm were revealed by FE-SEM analysis. The optical band gap values of Cr2O3NPs were determined via UV-Vis analysis to be 2.5 and 2.8 eV using a S-C technique at 200 and 600 °C, respectively, while the optical band gap values of Cr2O3NPs were found to be 3 and 3.3 eV using a S-G method at 200 and 600 °C, respectively. The EDX spectra with their picture revealed Cr-O purity with Cr and O occurrences. FT-IR spectroscopy shows the significance of determining the chemical band strength, which was found to be 977 cm−1of Cr2O3NPs by the S-C method. While the chemical band strength of Cr2O3NPs by the S-G method was found to be 642 cm−1. The width of the inhibition zone in the study demonstrated that Cr2O3NPs made from corn extract exhibited potent antibacterial effects on the test isolates. It varied from 12 to 14 mm for gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and Klbesia) and from 15 to 20 mm for gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and S. epidermidis) using a S-C method at 200 °C. It ranged from 15 to 17 mm for gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and Klbesia) to 19–22 mm for gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and S. epidermidis) at 200 °C utilizing a S-G technique. The difference was 16 mm for antifungal (C. albicans) using Cr2O3NPs via S-G at 200 °C and 15 mm for C. albicans using Cr2O3NPs via a S-C technique at 200 °C. Using a S-G method, the bacterial suspension varied in diameter at 200, 400, and 600 °C, respectively, for gram-negative (E. coli and Klbesia) and gram-positive (S. aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) strains. The gram-negative strains varied in diameter from 20 to 22 mm, 20–21 mm, and 19–21 mm. An antifungal (C. albicans) inhibition zone was created utilizing Cr2O3NPs in a S-G method at 200, 400, and 600 °C to be 23, 22, and 22 mm wide, respectively. The high degradation efficiency for MB, MO, and (RdB) dye was found from 97 % to 99 % of Cr2O3NPs synthesis via the simple chemical method, respectively, while the degradation efficiency for MB, MO, and RdB dye was found from 97 % to 99 % of Cr2O3NPs synthesis via the sol-gel method, respectively.

This study's successful preparation of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) involved combining a blood liquidextractor with Cu2NO3salt via a hydrothermal process. CuO NPs are essential to the antibacterial process because they eradicate germs and provide a disease-free atmosphere. XRD analysis, FE-SEM images, TEM, EDX, Zeta potential, UV–visible spectra, and FT-IR spectra were employed to investigate CuO NPs. According to the XRD data, CuO NPs have an FCC structure and a crystallite size range from 9.3 to 18 nm. Diffraction peaks for CuO NPs may be assigned high crystal quality. Furthermore, the FE-SEM data showed that the CuO NPs had a tiny grain size of between 15 and 33 nm. TEM scans revealed that CuO NPs were spherical in shape and ranged in size from 11.6 to 20 nm. EDX spectra with their image showed CuO purity with Cu and O occurrences. The symmetrical stretching vibrations of Cu-O bonds exhibit peaks at 626 cm−1in the FT-IR spectra. With respect to zeta potential result was −21.9 mV. The UV–visible spectrum is used to identify the energy band gap of 5.3 eV of CuO NPs. Utilizing the diffusion method, the inhibition zones of antibacterials using CuO NPs were assessed. At high concentrations, the inhibition zones measured 29.5 mm for gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and 32.5 mm for gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli); at lower concentrations, the inhibition zone diameters (IZDs) measured by minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests were 4.2±0.24 mm for gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and 14±0.13 mm for gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The mixture of blood liquid extractor with Cu2NO3salt via a hydrothermal process is quite a new idea, and it has not yet appeared in any research papers to the author’s knowledge.