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This paper addresses the dynamic stability of a hybrid photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) system tied to a weak grid by back-to-back voltage-source converters (VSCs). The overall system stability is assessed by developing a detailed time-domain nonlinear model (TDNLM) and a linearized state-space model (LSSM). The dynamic interactions at both the peak-power point (PPP) and off-PPP operation of the PV and WT power characteristics curves have been examined. The results reveal that the complete system is stable under PV-only and WT-only generation scenarios at the PPP and off-PPP operation regions. However, the PV-WT hybrid system experiences low- and high-frequency fluctuation instabilities in the current-limited region (CLR) of the PV characteristic due to the interaction between the high dynamic resistances of the PV-WT source and the weak grid. Conversely, the system remains stable at the PPP and voltage-limited region (VLR) of the PV characteristic and in all operational regions of the WT characteristic. Motivated by these challenges, a novel active damping method is proposed to mitigate the interaction dynamics, maintaining overall system stability by relocating unstable eigenmodes and reshaping the dc-link transfer function. The proposed damping method offers several benefits: 1) it is simple yet efficient and can be implemented and modeled using linear analysis tools; 2) it allows for dynamic and stable operation across various operating regions; 3) it does not interfere with steady-state performance in both stiff and weak grid operations; 4) it facilitates successful low-voltage-ride-through (LVRT) at different operating regions; and 5) it effectively addresses its shortcomings by eliminating the need for additional voltage or current sensors, thereby enhancing simplicity and reducing cost in comparison to other approaches. Detailed offline and real-time simulations validate the analytical findings and the effectiveness of the proposed stabilization method under different operational scenarios.

This paper addresses the instabilities and dynamic interactions in a centralized vector-controlled voltage-source converter interfacing a single-stage utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) generator to a high-impedance grid system. The dynamic resistance of the PV generator is considered, and effective active stabilization methods to guarantee the entire system's stability are proposed. Further, a complete state-space linearized model is developed, and different operating conditions alongside the maximum-power operation (MPO) are considered, such as fixed-voltage operation (FVO) and fixed-current operation (FCO). It is found that with the change of the PV generator operation from the FVO or MPO to the FCO region under the weak grid and nominal dc-link capacitance conditions, the dominant eigenmodes are relocated to the open-right-half-plane of the S-plane. This eventually induces inevitable high- and low-frequency oscillation instabilities. Further, it is found that medium-frequency oscillation instability is induced in the FVO region under a weak grid and reduced dc-link capacitance conditions. Active compensators are proposed to reduce the interaction dynamics and stabilize the entire system by reshaping the converter transfer functions; hence, the Nyquist stability criterion is maintained. Finally, detailed nonlinear time-domain simulation results are provided, showing the effectiveness of the proposed method in preserving the system's stability under a wide range of operation conditions.

Accurate parameters of photovoltaic (PV) arrays are essential for the modeling, analysis, and control of PV systems. Due to the lack of complete datasheets from manufacturers, different techniques have been introduced to extract the unknown parameters of PV modules. A novel approach based on one of the most recent metaheuristic (MH) optimization algorithms, the Flow Direction Algorithm, is developed in this paper to estimate the PV-modules parameters accurately. The proposed approach extracts the parameters for single-, double-, and three-diode models under different operating conditions. Comparative studies with state-of-the-art MH algorithms showed that the proposed approach is more accurate and robust and reduces the computational burden. Furthermore, a general formula is derived to obtain the dynamic resistance of different PV models. It is shown in this paper that inaccurate PV model parameters might negatively impact the steady-state and dynamic performance assessment of grid-connected PV systems under different operating conditions. Detailed time-domain simulations are presented to validate the analytical results and show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

ABSTRACTBackground: Bioprosthetic valve fracture (BVF) improves the hemodynamic results of valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement (VIV TAVR) by facilitating optimal expansion of the transcatheter heart valve (THV). Long-term outcomes following BVF are unknown.Methods: Consecutive cases of VIV TAVR and BVF (n = 139) performed at 11 sites were analyzed retrospectively. Hemodynamic measurements and aortic valve area (AVA) were assessed during the procedure and by echocardiography at 30-day and 1-year follow-up.Results: VIV TAVR and BVF resulted in significant improvements in mean valve gradient (42.3 ± 17.1 vs. 9.4 ± 5.8 mmHg, p< 0.001) and AVA (0.8 ± 0.4 vs. 1.8 ± 0.7 cm2, p< 0.001) compared with baseline. Mortality was 2.3% at 30 days and 8.7% at 1-year. In adjusted models, mean valve gradient was higher (+5.1 [3.7, 6.5] mmHg, p< 0.001) and AVA was lower (−0.3 [−0.4, −0.2] cm2, p< 0.001) at 1 month as compared to post-procedure. Between 30 days and 1 year, no significant changes in mean valve gradient (+1.4 [−0.5, 3.4] mmHg, p= 0.15) or AVA (−0.1 [−0.3, 0.03] cm2, p= 0.11) were observed. In a multivariable analysis, use of a CoreValve (compared with a SAPIEN) THV was an independent predictor of a lower mean valve gradient at 1 year (−6.0 mmHg, p= 0.01).Conclusion: Survival is excellent following VIV TAVR and BVF and valve hemodynamics are stable between 30-day and 1-year follow-up. CoreValve use is a predictor of better hemodynamic results following VIV TAVR and BVF.Abbreviations:VIV TAVR: valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement; THV: transcatheter heart valve; BSV: bioprosthetic surgical valve; PPM: patient prosthesis mismatch; BVF: bioprosthetic valve fracture; IQR: interquartile range; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; AVA: aortic valve area; STS PROM: Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted risk of mortality

ABSTRACTBackground: Patient recovery following alternative-access transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) via transcarotid (TC) and transthoracic (TT; transapical or transaortic) access has not been well-studied.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed single-center data from 100 consecutive patients who underwent TAVR via TC (n = 57) and TT (n = 43) access between 2008 and 2018. The primary outcomes were pain severity (0–10 scale) and opioid administration. Secondary outcomes included procedure success, post-procedure length of stay (LOS), PACU/ICU LOS, time to ambulation, discharge disposition, and health status as measured by Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall summary score (KCCQ-OS) at 30-day follow-up. Multivariable regression models were used to adjust for baseline patient characteristics.Results: Procedural success was similar for the TC and TT groups (98.2% vs 97.7%, p= 1.00). In adjusted analyses, TC patients had shorter PACU/ICU LOS (RD 0.30, p< 0.001) and shorter post-procedural LOS (RD 0.46, p< 0.001) compared with TT patients. At 48 hours, TC patients reported lower pain scores (absolute difference −1.0, p= 0.02) despite less opioid administration (RD 0.39, p< 0.001). Time to ambulation was similar between groups (p= 0.54), but TC patients were more frequently discharged to home (73.7% vs. 32.6%; p< 0.001). TC patients had greater improvement in (24.9 ± 23.9 vs −2.5 ± 31.0, <0.001) and higher overall KCCQ-OS (63.4 ± 22.5 vs 39.8 ± 23.1, p< 0.001) scores at 30 days than TT patients.Conclusions: In this single-center study among patients undergoing alternative-access TAVR, TC access was associated with less opioid administration, lower pain scores, shorter LOS, more frequent discharge to home, and better health status at 30 days as compared with TT access.

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for isolated aortic regurgitation (AR) comprises <1.0% of all TAVI procedures performed in the USA. In this manuscript, we review the challenges, evidence and future directions of TAVI for isolated AR. There are no randomised clinical trials or mid-term data evaluating TAVI for isolated AR, and no commercially available devices are approved for this indication. Challenges in performing TAVI for isolated AR as opposed to aortic stenosis (AS) include: lack of a calcified anchoring zone for valve deployment, large and dynamic size of the aortic annulus and high stroke volume (during systole) and regurgitant volume (during diastole) across the aortic annulus during each cardiac cycle. Observational studies have shown that outcomes of TAVI for AR are worse than outcomes of TAVI for AS. However, newer generation TAVI devices may perform better than older generation devices in patients with AR. Two emerging valves (the JenaValve and the J-Valve) are designed with mechanisms to anchor in a non-calcified annulus, and these valves have shown promise for AR. Data on these devices are limited, and clinical investigation is ongoing. Randomised clinical trials are needed to establish TAVI as a safe and effective treatment for isolated AR.

ABSTRACTDegeneration of surgical bioprosthetic heart valves (BPVs) occurs in up to one third of surviving patients within a decade of implantation and is a common cause of cardiovascular morbidity. Valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement (VIV TAVR) is a safe and effective treatment for patients with failed BPVs who are unsuitable for reoperation. However, there may be patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM) following VIV TAVR, particularly in patients with small BPVs. This may influence both morbidity and mortality. Bioprosthetic valve fracture (BVF) has emerged as a novel technique to prevent PPM. It involves high-pressure inflation of a non-compliant balloon to fracture the ring of the BPV, allowing for further expansion of the implanted transcatheter heart valve (THV) and thereby reducing residual transvalvular gradients. Early experience with this technique has been promising. This review will describe the procedural technique of BVF, explore the lessons learned from bench testing and early clinical experience, and discuss the limitations of the current literature as well as future directions.Abbreviations:ACn: ACURATE neo; BPV: Bioprosthetic heart valve; BVF: Bioprosthetic valve fracture; BVR: Bioprosthetic valve remodeling; EOA: Effective orifice area; NYHA: New York Heart Association; PPM: Patient-prosthesis mismatch; PWI: Pin-wheeling index; S3: Sapien 3; SAVR: Surgical aortic valve replacement; TAVR: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement; TPVR: Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement; THV: Transcatheter heart valve; VIV: Valve-in-valve

Device-to-Device (D2D) communication can be used to improve system capacity and energy efficiency (EE) in cellular networks. One of the critical challenges in D2D communications is to extend network lifetime by efficient and effective resource management. Deep reinforcement learning (RL) provides a promising solution for resource management in wireless communication systems. This letter aims to maximise the EE while satisfying the system throughput constraints as well as the quality of service (QoS) requirements of D2D pairs and cellular users in an underlay D2D communication network. To achieve this, a deep RL based dynamic power optimization algorithm with dynamic rewards is proposed. Moreover, a novel algorithm with two parallel deep Q networks (DQNs) is designed to maximize the EE of the considered network. The proposed deep RL based power optimization method with dynamic rewards achieves higher EE while satisfying the system throughput requirements.

ABSTRACTBackground:Valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement (VIV TAVR) is an effective treatment for high-risk patients with failed surgical bioprosthetic valves, but may be complicated by patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM). We describe a novel technique – bioprosthetic valve remodeling (BVR) – to distort the frame of Trifecta surgical valves with a high-pressure balloon inflation, allowing for improved expansion and hemodynamics of the transcatheter heart valve (THV).Methods:We performed bench testing of BVR by deploying Portico THVs (Abbott, Minneapolis, MN, USA) inside Trifecta GT valves both at baseline and following BVR. Fluoroscopic and video imaging was performed to assess Trifecta frame distortion, THV expansion, and leaflet motion. Hydrodynamic testing was performed to determine transvalvular gradient under baseline conditions and following BVR. We performed 6 clinical cases of VIV TAVR with Evolut R THVs (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN), followed by BVR. Hemodynamic measurements and calculation of the effective orifice area (EOA) were performed at baseline, immediately after implantation of the THV, and after BVR.Results:BVR resulted in an increase in the post-to-post diameter in Trifecta valves, and a lower transvalvular gradient after THV implantation. VIV TAVR and BVR was successful in all cases, with no major short-term complications. The mean baseline transvalvular gradient was 47.5 ± 14.4 mmHg, which was reduced to 21.0 ± 6.2 mmHg after THV implantation, and further reduced to 11.7 ± 4.1 mmHg following BVR. Gradients were stable at 1 month follow up.Conclusion:BVR distorts the frame of Trifecta valves, improving THV expansion and procedural hemodynamics of VIV TAVR.

Background: Sheath or gelling saliva, secreted during feeding by aphids, is a hard material that supports the piercing mouthparts and remains in the plant after feeding. Solidification or gelling of the saliva might be due to the composition of amino acids in the constituent proteins, many of which probably interact with plant defenses. Objective: The complete complement of proteins in the gelling saliva are still unknown, although one sheath protein (SHP) has previously been identified as a potential candidate protein to control aphid feeding, but its structure and its physiochemical role remains obscure. The current study provides structural information and biochemical properties of the aphid sheath protein. Methods: The Sheath protein encoding gene was amplified from cDNA of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) through PCR using specific gene primers. Sequence was in silico characterized by using EXPASY, Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project (BDGP) Neural Network Promoter Prediction, BioEdit, Mega7, ProtParam, Phyre server, 3D LigandSite SMART, MEME and GSDS programs, available online. Results: BLASTp analysis revealed that the sequenced gene was identical (100%) to the sequence from Acyrthosiphon pisum, with 87% identity to Metpolophium dirhodum and 84% identity to Sitobion avenae. Phylogenetically monocot feeders such as M. dirhodum and S. avenae are in a sister taxa to dicot feeders. In silico analysis of the sequence revealed that sheath protein has a molecular weight of 144 kDa and 50% of the protein is composed of only six amino acids, i.e., threonine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, isoleucine and tyrosine. The computed IP value revealed that sheath protein is acidic in nature. Ligand binding sites for sheath protein were predicted on residues 1123 and 1125 (isoleucine and glutamine, respectively). Metallic heterogens are also present in sheath protein that are iron, zinc and magnesium, respectively. Conclusion: It is conceivable that variation in the salivary gene sequences may reveal important biological information of relevance to the insect-plant interaction. Further exploration of insect salivary proteins, their composition and structure will provide powerful information, especially when these proteins are interacting with plant proteins, and specific information about the sheath protein, which is interacting with plants at a molecular/cellular level, will be important to progress strategies aimed specifically against sucking pests such as aphids.

The empirical investigation that examines the dynamics including the interaction between consumption of energy and economic progress has long been assessed. However, the interaction of these two in developing countries in general and Bangladesh, in particular, is a less explored subject. Hence, with this notion, this study examined the causal relationship among economic growth and energy consumption in Bangladesh. For this purpose, the study used energy consumption, gross domestic product (GDP), labor force, and capital data from 1981 to 2017 from different sources and data is analyzed by augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test, Johansen co-integration test and Granger test of causality. Results determine that energy consumption and economic growth have long term bi-directional relationship. The econometric model is estimated using generalized least squares (GLS) model. It is concluded that, consumption of energy and economic growth positively correlated and economic development highly depend on energy consumption in Bangladesh.

ABSTRACTValve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement (VIV TAVR) is a safe and effective method of treating patients with failed bioprosthetic surgical valves (BSVs) at high risk of reoperation. However, one of the major limitations of VIV TAVR is patient–prosthesis mismatch (PPM), particularly in small BSVs. PPM is associated with increased mortality following VIV TAVR. Bioprosthetic valve fracture (BVF) as an adjunct to VIV TAVR has been shown to be a safe and effective method in terms of improving postprocedural hemodynamics and eliminating PPM after VIV TAVR in several case series. As BVF has become more widely used, complications specific to the procedure have become more apparent. This review focuses on the knowledge gained from several cases of BVF for VIV TAVR, and how these specific examples lend insight into best practices when performing this procedure.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is generally an aggressive and lethal malignancy characterized by the accumulation of immature myeloid cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. We have previously shown the dependence of AML, but not normal hematopoiesis, on the presence of coactivator associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1), which suggests that targeting CARM1 could be useful in the treatment of AML. In preclinical studies, we and others have shown promising effects of CARM1 inhibitors on the growth of hematologic malignancies 1. In order to unearth a potential mechanism for the strong efficacy of CARM1 inhibition or knockdown (KD) in the AML1-ETO (AE+) driven AML mouse model, we employed the BioID system in an AE+ human cell line, SKNO-1, to identify novel substrates and interacting partners of CARM1 that could drive the pathogenesis of the disease. We identified over 500 interactors of CARM1, many of which are novel, including one particularly promising therapeutic target, bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4).

Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is overexpressed in many cancer types and is a promising therapeutic target for several of them, including leukemia and lymphoma. However, we and others have reported that PRMT5 is essential for normal physiology. This dependence may become dose limiting in a therapeutic setting, warranting the search for combinatorial approaches. Here, we report that PRMT5 depletion or inhibition impairs homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair, leading to DNA-damage accumulation, p53 activation, cell-cycle arrest, and cell death. PRMT5 symmetrically dimethylates histone and non-histone substrates, including several components of the RNA splicing machinery. We find that PRMT5 depletion or inhibition induces aberrant splicing of the multifunctional histone-modifying and DNA-repair factor TIP60/KAT5, which selectively affects its lysine acetyltransferase activity and leads to impaired HR. As HR deficiency sensitizes cells to PARP inhibitors, we demonstrate here that PRMT5 and PARP inhibitors have synergistic effects on acute myeloid leukemia cells.

Objective Complications with opioid-based postoperative pain management have led to guideline recommendations for a multimodal analgesia strategy incorporating nonopioid agents. We evaluated the opioid-sparing effect of intravenous acetaminophen in patients undergoing transapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement.Methods A multimodal pain management strategy that incorporated intravenous acetaminophen was retrospectively evaluated in 43 patients undergoing transapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement between November 2012 and March 2014. Before intravenous acetaminophen formulary availability, 23 patients received standard postoperative pain management interventions including intravenous narcotics and oral narcotics/acetaminophen. After intravenous acetaminophen availability, 20 patients received intravenous acetaminophen (4 g/d, ≥4 doses) and supplemental intravenous and nonacetaminophen oral narcotics. Daily narcotic dose (standardized to morphine equivalents), drug cost, and hospital length of stay were compared between groups.Results Baseline characteristics were similar between intravenous acetaminophen (n = 20) and nonintravenous acetaminophen (n = 23) patients including the Society of Thoracic Surgery mortality risk (10.5% vs 9.0%, P= 0.3). The median number of intravenous acetaminophen doses was 6.5 (interquartile range = 4.0–18.5), with a median cost per patient of US $221 (interquartile range = $136–$629). Patients who received intravenous acetaminophen used significantly fewer morphine equivalents on postoperative day 0 compared with patients not receiving intravenous acetaminophen (22.5 vs 45.0 morphine equivalents, P= 0.03) and had a shorter median length of stay (5.0 vs 7.0 days, P= 0.007). After adjusting for the Society of Thoracic Surgery risk, intravenous acetaminophen continued to be associated with a reduction in median postoperative length of stay [−1.9 days (95% confidence interval = −0.9 to −8.2 days), P= 0.049].Conclusions In patients undergoing transapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement, a multimodal pain management strategy incorporating intravenous acetaminophen was associated with reductions in narcotic use on the day of surgery and overall length of stay.

Vascular access for large endovascular devices has evolved as patients have become more complicated and device indications have expanded. As the benefits of catheter-based treatments for aortic aneurysm repair and aortic valve replacement become mainstream, there is a need to address difficult vascular access by developing not only smaller-diameter devices but also creative options for vascular access. We describe direct descending thoracic aortic access during endovascular aneurysm repair, transcatheter aortic valve replacement, and redo mesenteric revascularization in three patients who did not have traditional access options.

Baseline left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is associated with poor health status in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), but health status improvement after TAVR appears similar across all grades of LVDD. Here, we aim to examine the relationship between changes in LVDD severity and health status outcomes following TAVR.

The effectiveness of CEPD in mitigating post-TAVI stroke remains uncertain, and therefore CEPD may be utilized differently across US hospitals. This study aims to characterize the hospital-level pattern of cerebral embolic protection device (CEPD) use during transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in the United States and its association with outcomes.

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureusis a human commensal that colonizes the skin. While it is normally innocuous, it has strong associations with atopic dermatitis pathogenesis and has become the leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections in the United States. The factors that dictate the role of S. aureusin disease are still being determined. In this work, we utilized primary keratinocyte culture and an epidermal murine colonization model to investigate the role of S. aureusphenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) in proinflammatory cytokine release and inflammation induction. We demonstrated that many species of Staphylococcusare capable of causing release of interleukin 18 (IL-18) from keratinocytes and that S. aureusPSMs are necessary and sufficient to stimulate IL-18 release from keratinocytes independently of caspase 1. Further, after 7 days of epicutaneous exposure to wild-type S. aureus, but not S. aureusΔpsm, we saw dramatic changes in gross pathology, as well as systemic release of proinflammatory cytokines. This work demonstrates the importance of PSM peptides in S. aureus-mediated inflammatory cytokine release from keratinocytes in vitroand in vivoand further implicates PSMs as important contributors to pathogenesis.

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureusvirulence is coordinated through the Agr quorum-sensing system to produce an array of secreted molecules. One important class of secreted virulence factors is the phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs). PSMs are small-peptide toxins that have recently been characterized for their roles in infection, biofilm development, and subversion of the host immune system. In this work, we demonstrate that the signal peptide of the S. aureusquorum-sensing signal, AgrD, shares structural and functional similarities with the PSM family of toxins. The efficacy of this peptide (termed N-AgrD) beyond AgrD propeptide trafficking has never been described before. We observe that N-AgrD, like the PSMs, is found in the amyloid fibrils of S. aureusbiofilms and is capable of forming and seeding amyloid fibrils in vitro. N-AgrD displays cytolytic and proinflammatory properties that are abrogated after fibril formation. These data suggest that the N-AgrD leader peptide affects S. aureusbiology in a manner similar to that described previously for the PSM peptide toxins. Taken together, our findings suggest that peptide cleavage products can affect cellular function beyond their canonical roles and may represent a class of virulence factors warranting further exploration.

The article discusses the killings of women civil society leaders in Afghanistan by extremists, which intensified since the U.S. signed its withdrawal agreement with the Taliban in February 2020. Topics covered include recent attempts by the Afghan government to curb women's rights, the work or Afghan artist Rada Akbar to address the assassination campaigns by extremists, and Canada's failure to help the women of Afghanistan.

Improving functional status and quality of life are important goals of treatment for patients with severe aortic stenosis. The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) is a heart failure health status measure and has been used in studies of patients with aortic stenosis. However, its psychometric properties have not yet been evaluated in these patients.

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AbstractAlthough there are many meanings associated with "ideology", both Marxist and Humanistic associations of the term are ignored since they regard it as a term of abuse. Instead, the meaning associated with critical linguistics is adopted as it refers to the propositions or assumptions we hold about ourselves, the world, or others in a way similar to a lens which colours, clarifies, or wraps the world.The paper attempts to explain how ideology exerts pressures and constraints on literary translation. The text undergoes a series of transformations or distortions depending on the stance or ideology of the author. Many examples from literature are cited to highlight the dilemma that faces the translator when his/her ideology contradicts the author's, or when the translator unconsciously adopts a technique that is different from the author's. Such differences can be construed as deviation, changes, or adoption of an ideology which is at variance with what the author intends. Several texts are discussed to show how, when and where ideologies are compromised in literary translation.RésuméBien qu'il existe de nombreux sens associés au terme "idéologie", les acceptions marxistes et humanistes ont été rejetées étant donné que ce terme y est considéré comme injurieux. Par contre, l'acception adoptée par la linguistique critique est retenue puisqu'elle réfère aux suppositions ou idées que nous nous faisons de nous-mêmes, des autres et du monde qui nous entoure, à l'instar d'une lentille qui colore, éclaircit ou assombrit l'image perçue.L'auteur de cet article tente d'expliquer de quelle façon l'idéologie exerce des pressions et impose des contraintes dans la traduction littéraire. Le texte traduit subit une série de transformations, voire de distortions, en fonction des convictions ou de l'idéologie du traducteur. De nombreux exemples tirés de la littérature illustrent le dilemme auquel le traducteur fait face lorsque son idéologie s'oppose à celle de l'auteur du texte, ou lorsqu'il adopte inconsciemment une technique différente de celle utilisé dans le texte original. De telles différences s'expliquent par des déviations, des changements ou l'adoption d'une idéologie en contradiction avec celle visée par l'auteur. Différents textes sont commentés dans l'article afin de démontrer comment, quand et où les idéologies sont bafouées dans la traduction littéraire.

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To mount an effective immune response against infectious pathogens or tissue injury, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) increase their proliferation and production of myeloid cells, including macrophages, which destroy the pathogens and repair the damaged tissue. Proper resolution of inflammation is essential to restore hematopoietic homeostasis, as unrestrained inflammation can result in life-threatening pathologies such as sepsis, autoimmune disorders and cancer. The molecular mechanisms that control the resolution of inflammation, and how these contribute to disease phenotypes, are poorly understood.

Introduction:In inoperable patients with severe degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR), transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr) with MitraClip substantially reduces MR with rapid improvement in functional capacity and quality of life. We sought to estimate the impact of TMVr on hospitalization in a real-world cohort.Methods:Using the Nationwide Readmission Database (NRD), we identified patients who underwent TMVr from 2014-2016 using ICD-9/10 procedure codes. Since NRD data do not cross over years, the analytic cohort was limited to procedures in April-September in each year to enable 3 months of hospitalization data before and after TMVr. We compared hospitalization rates before and after TMVr (TMVr hospitalization excluded) using McNemar?s test.Results:Among 2567 patients who underwent TMVr, mean age was 78 ? 11 years and 47% were women. Over the 3 months prior to TMVr, 35.6% of patients were hospitalized versus 26.3% during the 3 months after TMVr (P <0.001). Heart Failure (HF) hospitalization rate decreased from 15.7% to 7.4% (53% relative reduction; P <0.001) while non-HF hospitalization rate slightly decreased from 25.1% to 22.3% (P = 0.011; Figure 1). There was a consistent reduction in all-cause hospitalization rates after TMVr across subgroups (Figure 2).Conclusion:In this analysis of real world patients with severe degenerative MR, TMVr was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause hospitalizations, driven primarily by a reduction in hospitalization for HF. There was no heterogeneity in this benefit across key subgroups. Further analysis of the impact of TMVr on hospitalizations is needed as its use expands to patients with functional MR.

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Small molecule protein arginine methyltransferase inhibitors (PRMTi) are being actively pursued for the treatment of a variety of cancers; however, the mechanisms of response to PRMTi remain poorly understood. CARM1, also known as PRMT4, is significantly overexpressed in AML, as well as many solid tumors, and regulates myeloid differentiation. We have shown the dependency of AML cells, but not normal blood cells, on CARM1 activity, based on CARM1 knockout, CARM1 knockdown, and chemical inhibition (Greenblatt et al. Cancer Cell 2018). These experiments showed that CARM1 regulates essential processes in leukemia cells, and is critical for leukemic transformation. Although several small molecule inhibitors of CARM1 have been reported recently, many display a lack of selectivity for CARM1 or fail to produce a biological response. The recent discovery of potent and selective CARM1 inhibitors (Drew et al., 2017), has made it possible to investigate the implications of pharmacological inhibition of CARM1 in vitro and in vivo.

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ObjectiveTo examine whether prospective bleeding risk estimates for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention could improve the use of bleeding avoidance strategies and reduce bleeding.DesignProspective cohort study comparing the use of bleeding avoidance strategies and bleeding rates before and after implementation of prospective risk stratification for peri-procedural bleeding.SettingNine hospitals in the United States.ParticipantsAll patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for indications other than primary reperfusion for ST elevation myocardial infarction.Main outcome measuresUse of bleeding avoidance strategies, including bivalirudin, radial approach, and vascular closure devices, and peri-procedural bleeding rates, stratified by bleeding risk. Observed changes were adjusted for changes observed in a pool of 1135 hospitals without access to pre-procedural risk stratification. Hospital level and physician level variability in use of bleeding avoidance strategies was examined. ResultsIn a comparison of 7408 pre-intervention procedures with 3529 post-intervention procedures, use of bleeding avoidance strategies within intervention sites increased with pre-procedural risk stratification (odds ratio 1.81, 95% confidence interval 1.44 to 2.27), particularly among higher risk patients (2.03, 1.58 to 2.61; 1.41, 1.09 to 1.83 in low risk patients, after adjustment for control sites; P for interaction=0.05). Bleeding rates within intervention sites were significantly lower after implementation of risk stratification (1.0% v1.7%; odds ratio 0.56, 0.40 to 0.78; 0.62, 0.44 to 0.87, after adjustment); the reduction in bleeding was greatest in high risk patients. Marked variability in use of bleeding avoidance strategies was observed across sites and physicians, both before and after implementation.ConclusionsProspective provision of individualized bleeding risk estimates was associated with increased use of bleeding avoidance strategies and lower bleeding rates. Marked variability between providers highlights an important opportunity to improve the consistency, safety, and quality of care.Study registrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT01383382.

ABSTRACTThe biocide triclosan is used in many personal care products, including toothpastes, soaps, clothing, and medical equipment. Consequently, it is present as a contaminant in the environment and has been detected in some human fluids, including serum, urine, and milk. Staphylococcus aureusis an opportunistic pathogen that colonizes the noses and throats of approximately 30% of the population. Colonization with S. aureusis known to be a risk factor for several types of infection. Here we demonstrate that triclosan is commonly found in the nasal secretions of healthy adults and the presence of triclosan trends positively with nasal colonization by S. aureus. We demonstrate that triclosan can promote the binding of S. aureusto host proteins such as collagen, fibronectin, and keratin, as well as inanimate surfaces such as plastic and glass. Lastly, triclosan-exposed rats are more susceptible to nasal colonization with S. aureus. These data reveal a novel factor that influences the ability of S. aureusto bind surfaces and alters S. aureusnasal colonization.IMPORTANCETriclosan has been used as a biocide for over 40 years, but the broader effects that it has on the human microbiome have not been investigated. We demonstrate that triclosan is present in nasal secretions of a large portion of a test population and its presence correlates with Staphylococcus aureusnasal colonization. Triclosan also promotes the binding of S. aureusto human proteins and increases the susceptibility of rats to nasal colonization by S. aureus. These findings are significant because S. aureuscolonization is a known risk factor for the development of several types of infections. Our data demonstrate the unintended consequences of unregulated triclosan use and contribute to the growing body of research demonstrating inadvertent effects of triclosan on the environment and human health.

Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is common, morbid, costly, increases patients’ mortality risk, and may be mitigated by limiting contrast use. Our objective was to examine variation in CI-AKI across physicians and the proportion of this variation explained by differences in contrast, after adjusting for patient characteristics.