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•Northern Nigeria has untapped renewable resources: 210 GW solar PV, 88.7 GW CSP.•Policy inconsistency hinders renewable policies like NREEEP and NESP.•Grid upgrades and local expertise are crucial for renewable energy integration.•Global trends and lower tech costs boost renewable energy investment in Nigeria.•Strategies for solar PV in Northern Nigeria: awareness, mini-grids, training.

Graphical Abstract:

There is little evidence of published literature regarding the incorporation of on-farm workers into global fresh produce value chains. Agriculture, a major sector in Pakistan, employs 50% of the total labor force, and contributes 21 and 30% to GDP and GNP, respectively. Two-thirds of the population resides in rural areas. Mango is the second major fruit product in the country. The horticulture industry of Pakistan in general, and the mango sector specifically, has been the focus of research and development efforts by governmental and various international developmental organizations. A participatory value chain approach has been adopted to enhance technological advancements and increase the competitiveness of farm enterprises. The adoption of best practices is slow due to a lack of attention to occupational health measures, lack of training and low wages among on-farm workers. Market incentives, compliance standardization and increasing demand for certified products has driven mango farms in Pakistan to seek certification by organizations such as GLOBALG.A.P., which has established provisions for decent work to focus on worker rights and safety. A sustainable livelihood for workers can be achieved by upgrading the value chain system through institutional reforms and an emerging philosophy of decent work put forth by the International Labour Organization. In this study, the effects of decency in the value chain on the income of on-farm workers were assessed at both GlobalG.A.P.-certified and non-certified orchards in Sindh and southern Punjab. Because of the food quality and safety standards required for certified orchards within the global value chain system, these compliant orchards offer greater potential for improving the livelihoods of on-farm workers. To overcome constraints, extensive awareness campaigns should be launched within the mango industry by institutional supportive bodies.

Admissions records are essential in communicating key information regarding unwell patients and at handover of care. We designed, implemented and evaluated the impact of a standardised surgical clerking proforma on documentation and clinician acceptability in comparison to freehand clerking. A clerking proforma was implemented for all acute general surgical admissions. Documentation was assessed according to 32 criteria based on the Royal College of Surgeons of England guidelines, for admissions before (n = 72) and after (n = 96) implementation. Fisher's exact test and regression analysis were used to compare groups. Surgical team members were surveyed regarding attitudes towards the new proforma. Proforma uptake was 73%. After implementation, documentation increased in 28/32 criteria. This was statistically significant in 17 criteria, including past surgical history (p < 0.01), medication history (p = 0.03), ADLs (p = 0.02), systems review (p < 0.01), blood pressure (p < 0.01), blood results (p = 0.02) and advice given to the patient (p = 0.02). The proforma remained beneficial after regression analysis accounted for differences in time of day, seniority of the doctor and nights or weekends (coefficient = 0.12 [p < 0.01]). 89% of the surgical team felt the form improved quality of documentation and preferred its use to freehand clerking. 94% felt it was beneficial on the post-take ward-round. Audit quality control was also more reliable with the proforma (inter-observer agreement = 99.3% [κ = 0.997]) versus freehand clerking (97.1% [κ = 0.941]). Our study demonstrates that a standardised surgical clerking proformas improves the quantity and quality of documentation in comparison to freehand clerking, is preferred by health professionals and improves reliability of the audit quality control process.

The article offers information on various experiences of general practitioners (GPs) related to the surgeries in Great Britain. It offers information on treating and obese patient suffering from abdominal pain. It offers information on the woman with bruised knee after a fall. It focuses on the patient with abdominal pain that has been cured with the reduction in the quantity of glutton intake.