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L’infection par le VIH étant une « pathologie prioritaire » en termes d’éducation thérapeutique, de nombreuses structures éducatives ont vu le jour.

Le SARS-CoV-2, est apparu en Chine fin décembre 2019, pour se répandre dans le monde et en France en 2020. Pour faire face à cette pandémie, des mesures sanitaires de confinement national ont été appliquées en France, un premier confinement de mars à mai 2020, le second d’octobre à novembre 2020 et un troisième débuté en mars 2021. Cette pandémie et les mesures de confinement peuvent avoir un impact sur les patients ayant une pathologie chronique dont les patients vivants avec le VIH (PVVIH). Les objectifs de cette étude étaient de déterminer la prévalence déclarée de l’infection à SARS-CoV-2 dans une cohorte de PVVIH et d’évaluer l’impact de la pandémie et des mesures sanitaires sur leur suivi et leur prise en charge médicale.

Adhesive properties ofBifidobacterium bifidum strain DSM 20082 were studied by the hemagglutination test and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).B. bifidum caused agglutination of human A, B, and O erythrocytes and rabbit erythrocytes, but the interactions were not specific of blood group antigens. The hemagglutination was inhibited by porcine gastric mucin and rat intestinal and colonic mucin.B. bidifum was shown to adhere to different immobilized mucosal glycoproteins and to glycophorin A, a specific erythrocyte membrane glycoprotein. The data obtained with many glycosylated components indicated thatB. bifidum receptors involved in the hemagglutination test were not the same as those that adhere to mucus glycoproteins. The results suggest that the mucosal preparations contain receptors for specific bacterial adhesins, but their structures remain to be determined.

This work shows that the convulsant methionine sulfoximine induces an increase in glucose and glycogen levels and a parallel decrease in norepinephrine and dopamine levels in rat brain. Among the epileptogenic agents, methionine sulfoximine is known to have a glycogenic property in the central nervous system. The aim of this work is to look for the neurochemical mechanism underlying this property. For this, catecholamines, glucose, and glycogen were measured at the same time in different areas of the brain in rats submitted to methionine sulfoximine. The convulsant induced an increase in glucose and glycogen levels as previously described and a decrease in dopamine and norepinephrine levels in all the areas of the rat brain. These changes were roughly dose dependent. WhenL-dihydroxyphenylalanine and benserazide (a decarboxylase inhibitor) were administered with methionine sulfoximine, the latter failed to induce seizures in rat up to 8 h after dosing. Moreover, the glucose and glycogen amounts did not increase. In all these experiments, there was an obvious evidence of parallelism between seizures, increase in carbohydrate levels, and decrease in catecholamine levels. These results allow to conclude that the glycogenic property of methionine sulfoximine in the central nervous system probably results from its ability to decrease norepinephrine and dopamine levels. Because the effect of the convulsant on the catecholamine levels persisted for long, it is normal that glucose and glycogen levels increased during preconvulsive, convulsive and postconvulsive period. Methionine sulfoximine is probably glycogenic in rat brain because it decreases catecholamine levels for a long time.