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The escalating threat of environmental issues to both nature and humanity over the past two decades underscores the urgency of addressing environmental pollutants. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as highly promising materials for tackling these challenges. Since their rise in popularity, extensive research has been conducted on MOFs, spanning from design and synthesis to a wide array of applications, such as environmental remediation, gas storage and separation, catalysis, sensors, biomedical and drug delivery systems, energy storage and conversion, and optoelectronic devices, etc.MOFs possess a multitude of advantageous properties such as large specific surface area, tunable porosity, diverse pore structures, multi-channel design, and molecular sieve capabilities, etc., making them particularly attractive for environmental applications. MOF-based composites inherit the excellent properties of MOFs and also exhibit unique physicochemical properties and structures. The tailoring of central coordinated metal ions in MOFs is critical for their adaptability in environmental applications. Although many reviews on monometallic, bimetallic, and polymetallic MOFs have been published, few reviews focusing on MOF-based composites with monometallic, bimetallic, and multi-metallic centers in the context of environmental pollutant treatment have been reported. This review addresses this gap by providing an in-depth overview of the recent progress in MOF-based composites, emphasizing their applications in hazardous gas sensing, electromagnetic wave absorption (EMWA), and pollutant degradation in both aqueous and atmospheric environments and highlighting the importance of the number and type of metal centers present. Additionally, the various categories of MOFs are summarized. MOF-based composites demonstrate significant promise in addressing environmental challenges, and this review provides a clear and valuable perspective on their potential in environmental applications.

Extracting semantic relationships between entities from text documents is challenging in information extraction and important for deep information processing and management. This paper proposes to use the convolution kernel over parse trees together with support vector machines to model syntactic structured information for relation extraction. Compared with linear kernels, tree kernels can effectively explore implicitly huge syntactic structured features embedded in a parse tree. Our study reveals that the syntactic structured features embedded in a parse tree are very effective in relation extraction and can be well captured by the convolution tree kernel. Evaluation on the ACE benchmark corpora shows that using the convolution tree kernel only can achieve comparable performance with previous best-reported feature-based methods. It also shows that our method significantly outperforms previous two dependency tree kernels for relation extraction. Moreover, this paper proposes a composite kernel for relation extraction by combining the convolution tree kernel with a simple linear kernel. Our study reveals that the composite kernel can effectively capture both flat and structured features without extensive feature engineering, and easily scale to include more features. Evaluation on the ACE benchmark corpora shows that the composite kernel outperforms previous best-reported methods in relation extraction. Keywords: Information extraction; Relation extraction; Syntactic structured features; Convolution tree kernel; Composite kernel

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2006.11.028 Byline: Itamar Ashkenazi (a), Karen Ferrer (b), Marin Sekosan (b), Elizabeth Marcus (c), Jeff Bork (c), Tamer Aiti (a), Ron Lavy (a), Howard A. Zaren (a) Keywords: Papillary lesion; Breast core biopsy; Percutaneous breast biopsy; Papilloma Abstract: A review of the literature reveals conflicting evidence on whether core biopsy, complemented with concordant imaging, is sufficient in differentiating benign from malignant papillary lesions. Our objective was to evaluate whether in our patient population, commonly used clinical and pathological parameters could predict benignity, thus eliminating the need to proceed with excision. Author Affiliation: (a) John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County Minority-Based Community Clinical Oncology Program, 1900 West Polk St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA (b) Department of Pathology, 1835 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA (c) Department of Surgery, 1835 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA Article History: Received 21 July 2006; Revised 11 October 2006

Abstract: The response of anthers to in vitro culture and the effect of coculture of ovaries on anther culturability have been studied in responsive and recalcitrant cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) from Morocco and ICARDA. A large genotypic-dependence of anther culture has been shown in 18 cultivars. Their response in term of callus and embryo induction varied from 0 to 13%. Coculture of ovaries with anthers enhanced the response of the most responsive genotype (cv. Sarif) and removed the recalcitrance in Cocorit and Isly cultivars. However, there was no effect of anther-ovary coculture on green plant regeneration. The implication of the genome and the media conditioning by the ovaries on anther response is discussed.

We have identified the presence of type I collagen (COLL1α) mRNA inParacentrotus lividusunfertilized egg, indicating a maternal origin of this mRNA. By in situ whole mount hybridization the spatial distribution of COLL1α mRNA in egg and embryo at different developmental stages was established. Moreover, the presence of COLL1α gene inParacentrotus lividusgenome was analyzed by Southern blot experiments. The localization pattern indicates that the maternal mRNA is placed in the fertilized egg in a fixed position, relative to the embryonic axes. Furthermore, the embryonic expression is spatially restricted during development, suggesting involvement in sea urchin embryo cell specification events. The presence of two bands in Southern blot hybridization may indicate that two genes specific for COLL1α are present in the sea urchin genome.

AbstractBlood cells freshly collected from sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were exposed in vitroto different concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) at 10-7M, 10-5M, 10-3M, and examined for neutral red retention capacity and for cell vitality with MTT assay. A relationship between heavy metal exposure and alteration in responses of blood cells in a dose-time-dependent was found. Our results showed that fish blood cells may constitute an interesting biological model for experimental and applied toxicology, especially in the case of environmental pollution.

AbstractCortisol is the main corticosteroid secreted by the interrenal cells of the head kidney and it exerts a role in mantaining the omeostatic status in fish. In teleosts its effects are mediated through intracellular receptors expressed in several tissues, that are ligand-dependent transcription factors by binding to specific tissue DNA sequences. In Dicentrarchus labraxwe previously cloned and sequenced a glucocorticoid receptor, DlGR1, isolated from leukocytes of peritoneal cavity. In this work we showed mRNA expression and tissue immunohistochemical localization of brain DlGR1 by in situhybridization assays, with a riboprobe with DlGR1 cDNA trascriptional activation domain, and by immunohistochemical methods, using a specific antibody for a selected sequence of the receptor transcriptional domain. The mRNA and the protein are expressed in pyramidal cells of the optic lobe and in the small globular neurons of the diencephalon.

The article reports on the use of brown lignin in the manufacture of carbon fibers. It mentions that brown lignin is a waste product of paper manufacturing, its sustainability as opposed to petroleum sources, and the research being done by materials scientist Muhammad Al Aiti in the field.

Paracentrotus lividusunfertilized eggs were centrifuged in a sucrose gradient, so to split each into two parts: a nucleated light fragment and an anucleated heavy fragment. Northern blot analyses utilizing a bep4 probe as animal marker and H2A histone gene and 12S‐mit RNA as controls indicate that the eggs are elongated along the animal‐vegetal axis during centrifugation and thereafter split into an animal and a vegetal half. Treatment of the eggs with colchicine before centrifugation abolishes the animal localization of bep4 mRNA.