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Abstract: We generalize two results in the papers [1] and [2] about sums of subsets of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\mathbb{F}_p$$\end{document}to the more general case in which the sum \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$x+y$$\end{document}is replaced by \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$P(x,y)$$\end{document}, where \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$P$$\end{document}is a rather general polynomial. In particular, a lower bound is obtained for the cardinality of the range of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$P(x,y)$$\end{document}, where the variables \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$x$$\end{document}and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$y$$\end{document}belong to a subgroup \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$G$$\end{document}of the multiplicative group of the field \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\mathbb{F}_p$$\end{document}. We also prove that if a subgroup \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$G$$\end{document}can be represented as the range of a polynomial \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$P(x,y)$$\end{document}for \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$x\in A$$\end{document}and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$y\in B$$\end{document}, then the cardinalities of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$A$$\end{document}and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$B$$\end{document}are close in order to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\sqrt{|G|}$$\end{document}.

Inertia and damping are the core index of the estimation of power system stability. Existing analysis to the support of inertia and damping are focused on the improvement of system stability as well as parameters tuning of virtual inertia and virtual damping but rarely involved in the quantitative calculation of level of inertia and damping under a certain condition. Based on this background, this article puts forward a unified calculation method to identify the equivalence of inertia and damping under various ratios of Rg/Xg. In addition, the quantity of improved inertia and damping support enabled by virtual inductance control are estimated by the derived calculation model of equivalence. The calculated mathematical model of equivalence of inertia and damping is well verified by the overlapped eigenvalues distribution. Besides, the negative synchronous power will inevitably influence the aperiodic loss of synchronization (ALoS) of power system caused by the large virtual inductance. Therefore, a solution should be derived to make a compromise between oscillation damping and ALoS by tuning the value of virtual inductance. Finally, the simulation and experiment results in various cases verify the effectiveness of the proposed equivalent damping and inertia calculation method as well as virtual inductance control.

The article considers the problem of political discourse transformation as exemplified by European (British&Russian) political rhetoric of the 20th century. Considered is the complex nature of political discourse comprising both its variable and invariable aspects reflecting discursive constancy and change which are regarded as manifestations of the sliding mode usually applicable to exact sciences phenomena. The major factors of transformation depend on social change caused by dramatic events in history, namely political conflicts. The invariable part of political discourse is concentrated around the text structure with dicteme as the main information and structure unit of the text and discourse. The variable part is determined by factors of speech regulation including target content of the utterance, status of the speaker and the listener, pre-supposition and post-supposition. Genre and register specificity of political discourse as its constant characteristics reflect the change. Conclusions offer some generalizations Virtual Learning offer for Biologic Informatics aspects

In the article the avatar-based learning and teaching (A-BL&T) as a concept of control and managing knowledge in modern socio-economic conditions is proposed to use for assessment a university's economic efficiency. It is shown that all elements, methods and techniques (tools) do not operate in isolation, but rather are interrelated, complementing each other. All of them are used in the process of management and, in a combination, are powerful tools for increasing efficiency of management. Based on the example of avatar-based learning and teaching in Russian universities as modern educational environments, a conceptual model, methodology, and methods have been obtained for the automation of planning and calculation of the academic load in the university.

The problematic issues, associated with deformations of the outer surfaces of optical parts made of quartz glass, due to the process of cementing, are considered. The effect of the heat treatment temperature of optical assemblies, consisting of parts made of quartz glass and cementing with epoxy cements OK-72FT5 and OK-72FT15, on the deformation of external surfaces was experimentally established. The object of the study was plane-convex and plane-concave lenses made of quartz glass. It has been stated, that on cementing with optical epoxy cements OK72FT5 and OK72FT15 the external quartz glass surface deformations depend primarily on the heat treatment temperature. When cementing parts are made of quartz glass, increasing the polymerization temperature improves the performance characteristics of products and reduces changes in their optical characteristics.

The problems related to the cleaning procedure (surface preparation) of optical components at production facilities are discussed. Many of the considered methods are outdated and do not comply with the requirements of technological procedures performed in cleanrooms. We establish that hydromechanical cleaning makes it possible to obtain surfaces of optical components with hydrophilic properties, and this method can be applied in cleanrooms for manufacturing components with the 0th surface finish class of polished surfaces.

In LiNbO3:ZnО crystals grown from melts containing ~4.0–9.0 mol % ZnO, the evolution of structure was studied, the lattice periods were detected, and the models of atomic structure were analyzed. Raman spectroscopy and full-profile analysis of XRD patterns were used to obtain the results. The rise in ZnO concentration in the melt from 4.0 to ~6.99 mol % leads to the decrease in the unit cell volume of the crystals. The further rise in ZnO concentration in the melt to ~7.8 mol % results in the increase in the unit cell volume of the crystals. Refinement of the profile characteristics of XRD patterns and structural characteristics of the researched crystal samples was performed by the Rietveld method using the PDWin software package. All samples were considered single-phase, taking into consideration the absence of intense bands coinciding with the lithium niobate bands. Zn2+cations were detected to occupy Li sites (which are vacant in the congruent LiNbO3crystal). In this case, Nb vacancies are absent. Zinc displaces all excess Nb atoms in Li sites. In the sample grown from melt with ~6.12 mol % ZnO. In this case, Li vacancies and electroneutrality stay the same in the sample. Thus, NbLi antistructure defects are absent in the LiNbO3:ZnО crystal (~6.12 mol % ZnО in the melt). In LiNbO3:ZnО crystals with higher ZnO concentration, NbLi antistructure defects appear again. In this case, the concentration of Zn in Li sites almost coincides with the one in the LiNbO3:ZnО crystal. Unit cell parameters are equal in crystals grown from melts with ~7.8 and ~6.76 mol %. The biggest changes in the Raman spectra of these crystals are observed in the regions of vibrations of cations (200–300 cm–1) located in oxygen octahedra ВО6 (В: Nb5+, Li+, Zn2+) and in the region of vibrations of oxygen atoms in oxygen octahedra (500–900 cm–1). This indicates a change in order of alteration of intrinsic, doping cations and vacancies along the polar axis and deformation of oxygen octahedra during doping. This corresponds to anisotropic expansion of oxygen octahedra along the polar axis in LiNbO3:ZnО crystals.

A complex investigation of the ac and dc electrical conductivities of the ß phase of manganese dioxide has been performed in relation to its atomic structure. The change of conductivity mechanisms depending on temperature in a range of 450–25 K has been shown and the metal-insulator phase transition at low (<90 K) temperatures has been described. The specific feature of this transition by the Mott mechanism is that the metal phase exists at low temperatures, while at higher temperatures, the material manifests semiconductor properties. The low-temperature switching effect with a negative differential conductivity and an N-like current-voltage characteristic associated with the phase transition in manganese dioxide has been found.

Abstract: X-ray diffraction studies of nanoporous carbon synthesized from silicon carbide have been performed. The coordination shell radii and the coordination number in nanoporous carbon have been calculated using the Finback method. It has been shown that, when the coordination shell radii coincide, the distribution of carbon atoms over the coordination shells differs from that of hexagonal graphite. Based on an analysis of the interference functions and the results of the calculation, a model of atomic arrangement in the region of short-range ordering has been constructed. It has been demonstrated that the model cluster consists of seven graphene networks with different curvature radii.

Aqueous solutions used for the synthesis of MoVTeNb oxide catalysts have been studied with 125Te, 95Mo, 51V, and 17O NMR spectroscopy. Polyoxometalate POM anion V9TeO285–I, which has the decavanadate structure, containing Te6+in one of its two central positions, has been identified for the first time in VVTeVIsolutions. In ternary MoVIVVTeVIsolutions, the POMs TeMo6O246–II pH ca. 7.8–2 as well as previously unknown complexes of the proposed compositions TeV3Mo3O249–III pH ca. 8–5 and TeMo3V5O275–IV pH ca. 6–1 were observed. In the structure of IV, half of the decavanadate anion is combined with half of the octamolybdate anion, in which the central Mo atom is replaced with Te6+. There is an equilibrium, IV[rlarr2] I+ II, in the ternary solutions. Despite its stability in solution, polyanion IVcould not be isolated in the solid state. During concentration under ambient conditions, less soluble polyanion IIbegins to crystallize first, and the equilibrium in solution gradually shifts to I. Upon dissolving the precipitate, complex IVforms again. The distribution diagrams have been derived from the NMR spectra for a solution of the cationic composition Mo1V0.3Te0.23with NH4+as a counterion, acidified with HClO4in the pH range 7.25–1. In addition to the abovementioned complexes, VO2+and MoO22+oxalates form in the presence of oxalic acid. Upon adding niobium oxalate, Nb2O5gel forms without any Nbcontaining species in solution. © WileyVCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008

An analysis is made of the ground subsidences as a consequence of coal mining in Southern Poland. Subsidences promote rapid changes in the relief, which is confirmed by the use of the cartographic method.

Western Siberia is the region with little information on the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, genotypic diversity of HCV isolates and risk factors. A molecular epidemiological survey was conducted to clarify these issues. Four groups of volunteers were included in a cross‐sectional study (n = 500 in each group): health care workers; daycare patients from a hospital for drug users, daycare patients from an AIDS prevention and control center; and persons admitted to a local general practice clinic for any reason (outpatients). The anti‐HCV IgG prevalence was 4.6% in health care workers, 48.0% in a narcological center, 35.8% in AIDS center, and 5.6% in outpatients. HCV RNA was found in 79.3%–86.3% of seropositives. A total of 388 HCV isolates were genotyped by direct sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 5′‐UTR and NS5B regions of HCV genome. The genotypes distribution was: 1b—50.3%, 2a—4.4%, 2c—0.3%, 3a—44.8%. One isolate (0.3%) could not be typed unambiguously. This genotypic diversity is intermediate between that of European Russia and China. Genotype 1 prevailed in an older age group (75% among 51–60 years old), and genotype 3 was most prevalent in young people (51.4% in 16–20 years old). A statistically significant (P< 0.05) increase in risk was found in intravenous drug users (odds ratio (OR) = 77.5), unemployed persons (OR = 16.3), persons having >4 sexual partners during lifetime (OR = 4.3), and male homosexuals (OR = 6.6). J. Med. Virol. 77:382–389, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Abstract The characteristic features of polyaddition of small functional groups to fullerenes are considered. The review summarizes the results of experimental and theoretical studies of topochemical solid-state fluorination of fullerene C60 with inorganic variable-valence transition metal fluorides and elemental fluorine in chemically active matrices. The thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the reactions and the factors responsible for selectivity are considered.

Electroforming and switching in sandwich structures based on anodic films of yttrium oxide have been studied. After being electroformed, the structures exhibit voltage-controlled negative differential resistance with N-shaped I–V characteristics. Typical values of the threshold current and voltage are Ith ~ 10–30 μA and Vth ~ 0.5–1.5 V for a film thickness d ~ 100 nm. The switching channels, consisting of non-stoichiometric Y2O3−x, are formed in the initial oxide films during the preliminary electroforming. A possible switching mechanism associated with the non-equilibrium metal–insulator transition is discussed. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

We purified two new minidefensins (RTD‐2 and RTD‐3) from the bone marrow of rhesus monkeys. Both were circular octadecapeptides that contained three intramolecular disulfide bonds and were homologous to RTD‐1, a circular (θ) defensin previously described by Tang et al. (Science, 286, 498–502, 1999). However, whereas the 18 residues of RTD‐1 represent spliced nonapeptide fragments derived from two different demidefensin precursors, RTD‐2 and ‐3 comprise tandem nonapeptide repeats derived from only one of the RTD‐1 precursors. Thus, circular minidefensins are products of a novel posttranslational system that generates effector molecule diversity without commensurate genome expansion. A system wherein two demidefensin genes can produce three circular minidefensins might allow nsuch genes to produce (n/2)(n+1) peptides.

Incorporation of sodium alginate in the spinning solution in the amount of 2% decreases the rate of inactivation of protease C immobilized in the structure of a polyvinyl alcohol film material by two times and decreases the amount of desorbed polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride by ten times, giving the film self-disinfecting properties. Addition of sodium tetraborate in the spinning solution increases the PHMG desorption rate by 1.5-4.5 times. When PHMG with a molecular weight of 10,000 is used, total desorption of the antimicrobial from the film materials can be obtained. When modifying additives are used (sodium alginate and tetraborate), the optimum pH of the action of the protease immobilized in the structure of the film is shifted to the region of lower values (pH 8), which increases the efficiency of the action of the enzyme-containing film material in the conditions of use.

The properties and conditions of fabrication of spinning solutions based on polyvinyl alcohol containing the enzyme protease C, a high-molecular-weight antimicrobial, polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride, and modifying additives of different kinds—the polysaccharide sodium alginate and sodium tetraborate, were investigated. A correlation was established between the proteolytic activity of the film materials, degree of swelling, and composition of the spinning solutions used to prepare them.

The properties and conditions of fabrication of spinning solutions based on polyvinyl alcohol containing the enzyme protease C, a high-molecular-weight antimicrobial, polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride, and modifying additives of different kinds — the polysaccharide sodium alginate and sodium tetraborate, were investigated. A correlation was established between the proteolytic activity of the film materials, degree of swelling, and composition of the spinning solutions used to prepare them.

Abstract: It is shown that the process of rolling of iron in lubricants results in the saturation of subsurface layers of the metal with active chemical elements from working media. These elements are mainly concentrated near the boundaries of grains and their fragments, in the regions formed by pileups of dislocations, and do not form any chemical compounds with the base metal. The saturation of iron with phosphorus, sulfur, and iodine decreases the yield limit, ultimate strength, fracture stress, and relative narrowing of the material. At the same time, saturation with chlorine and bromine increases the indicated mechanical characteristics.

We purified and characterized an unusual antimicrobial peptide, prophenin‐1 (PF‐1), from porcine leukocytes. The peptide had a mass of 8,683 and contained 79 residues, including 42 (53.2%) prolines and 15 (19.0%) phenylalanines. Its N‐terminal 60 residues consisted of three perfect and three nearly perfect repeats of a decamer, FPPPNFPGPR. Prophenin‐1 was encoded on a cathelin‐containing precursor and showed substantially more activity against E. coli, a Gram‐negative bacterium, than against Listeria monocytogenes, a Gram‐positive organism, in vitro.

We purified three homologous antimicrobial peptides (‘gallinacins’) from chicken leukocytes, examined their antimicrobial activity in vitro, and established their primary sequences by a combination of gas phase microsequencing and on‐line LC‐ESI‐MS analysis of endo‐ and exoprotease peptide digests. The peptides contained 36–39 amino acid residues, were relatively cationic due to their numerous lysine and arginine residues, and each contained 3 intramolecular cystine disulfide bonds. Gallinacins showed primary sequence homology to the recently delineated β‐defensin family, heretofore found only in the respiratory epithelial cells and neutrophils of cattle, suggesting that β‐defensins originated at least 250 million years ago, before avian and mammalian lineages diverged. The 9 invariant residues (6 cysteines, 2 glycines and 1 proline) common to avian gallinacins and bovine β‐defensins are likely to constitute the essential primary structural motif of this ancient family of host‐defense peptides.

The microstructure and phase constitution of bulk textured YBCO samples prepared by the modified MTG method in the longitudinal temperature gradient have been investigated. We found the existence of an unusual phase between stacked platelets. Microanalysis shows that this phase may be characterized as Y-143. This phase forms ellipsoid-like particles with a typical size about 0.05–2µ which can play the role of effective pinning centers. The reason for the phase formation is discussed. We assume that this phase exists commonly in melt-textured samples prepared in the temperature field gradient.

Without Abstract:

In oxidation of propylene to acrolein the Bi/Mo oxide catalysts prepared via precipitation are efficient provided that bismuth is completely bound in Bi2MoO6

In the synthesis of silica-molybdenum oxide catalysts by spray drying of an aerosol suspension in an aqueous ammonium paramolybdate a silicamolybdenum heteropolyacid (SMA) is formed which is not decomposed up to 500–600°C due to stabilization of the heteropolyanion by the support surface.

Upon the decomposition of silica-supported ammonium paramolybdate, hexagonal MoO3 is formed at 300–350 °C. Irreversible transformation of hexagonal to rhombic MoO3 is observed with increasing calcination temperature. The hexagonal MoO3 structure is probably stabilized by the insertion of ammonium and silicon ions into the lattice of molybdenum trioxide.

Porcine leukocytes contained three homologous peptides, PG‐1, 2 and 3, that manifested potent microbicidal activity against Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenesand Candida albicansin vitro. The peptides (‘protegrins’) were composed of 16 (PG‐2) or 18 amino acid residues, and, like tachyplesins (broad‐spectrum antibiotic peptides of horseshoe crab hemocytes), they contained two intramolecular cystine disulfide bonds. Considerably smaller than defensins, protegrins nevertheless showed substantial homology to them, especially to the ‘corticostatic’ rabbit defensin, NP‐3a. The relatively simple structure of protegrins should provide useful prototypes for constructing congeners with selectively enhanced host defense activities.

Porcine leukocytes contained three homologous peptides, PG-1, 2 and 3, that manifested potent microbicidal activity against Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenesand Candida albicansin vitro. The peptides (‘protegrins’) were composed of 16 (PG-2) or 18 amino acid residues, and, like tachyplesins (broad-spectrum antibiotic peptides of horseshoe crab hemocytes), they contained two intramolecular cystine disulfide bonds. Considerably smaller than defensins, protegrins nevertheless showed substantial homology to them, especially to the ‘corticostatic’ rabbit defensin, NP-3a. The relatively simple structure of protegrins should provide useful prototypes for constructing congeners with selectively enhanced host defense activities.

1.It was established that the densification of copper strip can be intensified by raising the sintering temperature to 1060°C.2.During the deformation of porous copper strip, the ductile-to-brittle transition occurs at small relative reductions, and the sooner the higher the starting strip porosity.3.The physicomechanical properties of densified and annealed strip from electrolytic and autoclave copper powders are comparable to those of copper strip of the usual ingot origin (st of not less than 21 kg/mm2,d of not less than 30%, and? of not more than 1.724 µO · cm).

1.In the article, results are given of an investigation of several technological properties of carbonyl molybdenum powders, obtained on the experimental apparatus in the laboratory for carbonyl metals.2.As a result of microscopic investigations, it was established that the powder consists mainly of particles of dimensions up to 2µ.3.Carbonyl molybdenum powders possess a well-developed specific surface area (0.6–1.8 m2/g) which, in particular, causes high activity in them during sintering.4.The conditions were found for preparing fairly strong “grey” pressings of carbonyl molybdenum powders (with the introduction of a plasticizer or by preliminary heat treatment) with comparatively low specific pressing pressures (3–5 tons/cm2).5.It was shown that the carbonyl molybdenum powders are actively sintered at 1200–1400°C (at 1400°C, samples are obtained with a porosity of 0.1%).

1.In this work we have determined and for the first time put down systematically the basic knowledge on the most important characteristics of nickel powders produced under production conditions by various methods.2.We have established the influence of the granular characteristics and the specific surface of powders on their pressability and sinterability.3.We have shown the possibility and as a first approach found the conditions for producing sintered parts of specified final porosity from all forms of nickel carbonyl powders produced by industry.4.We have shown that the content of carbon and gases in sintered nickel carbonyl does not exceed the standard for electrolytic nickel.

1.A number of arylamides of N-propionylanthranilic acid have been prepared by reaction of methyl N-propionylanthranilate with dimagnesylamines, and also by acylation of arylamides of anthranilic acid with propionic anhydride; their properties have been studied.2.A method of synthesizing 2-ethyl-3-aryl-4-quinazolones based on arylamides of N-propionyl-anthranilic acid has been worked out.3.The structures of the compounds have been confirmed by ultraviolet and infrared spectra.

1.Specimens from carbonyl iron-nickel powders prepared by the process developed at the Gipronikel' Institute are distinguished by their high chemical purity. The amount of carbon present in these powders drops in the course of sintering to thousandth parts of 1%, while their total gas content does not exceed 0.005–0.008% and the concentration of other impurities, 0.01%.

Abstract: The activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was studied in chorionic and placental tissues of women with miscarriage. The MPO level reached the maximum during the first trimester both in normal pregnancy and in the case of spontaneous abortion. During gestation, the MPO level decreased in the placental tissues independently of the enzyme location. The MPO levels in the placenta during the first and second trimesters were higher in the case of spontaneous abortion than in an uncomplicated pregnancy. In the third trimester, the MPO level in the placenta was significantly lower in the case of miscarriage than in normal pregnancy ending with childbirth at term. The results suggest a close correlation between the MPO level in the placenta and the possible pregnancy outcome.

Comparative studies of the production conditions and properties of polyvinyl alcohol spinning solutions containing the proteolytic enzyme protease C, the polycationic antimicrobial polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride or polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate, and in some cases sodium alginate, were conducted. It was found that addition of protease C, polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride, polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate, and alginate to a polyvinyl alcohol water-alcohol solution, used for production of film materials for medical applications, have a plasticizing effect.

Hypophysectomy in rats is followed by a significant increase in polynucleotide-phosphorylase (PNPase) activity in ribosomal fractions of the liver. Injection of growth hormone into hypophysectomized animals leads to inhibition of PNPase activity. Within the dose range from 5 to 100 µg the dose—effect curve is linear. The action of growth hormone is most marked 18h after a single injection.