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Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is an evidence-based and multidisciplinary perioperative care pathway and a surgical quality improvement initiative, which has been shown to promote patient mobilization, reduce complication rates [...]

To determine whether massive intraoperative blood loss (MIBL) was independently associated with postoperative infectious complications after gynaecologic laparotomy.

To describe the response rate to chemotherapy, rates of recurrence, and overall survival in patients with non-serous epithelial ovarian cancers.

Uterine inversion is most commonly seen in labour and delivery. However, it can be associated with uterine tumours, including gynaecologic malignancy.

L'objectif principal du présent document est de clarifier les indications de l'examen pelvien.

The primary objective of this document is to clarify the indications for pelvic examination.

To identify predictors of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and to examine toxicities, dose reduction, interruptions, and second-line chemotherapy

This study sought to evaluate the rate of appendiceal involvement in non-serous mucinous and endometrioid-associated epithelial ovarian cancers.

The landscape of genetic testing in ovarian cancer patients has changed dramatically in recent years. The therapeutic benefits of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in treatment of BRCA1/2-related ovarian cancers has resulted in an increased demand and urgency for genetic testing results, while technological developments have led to widespread use of multi-gene cancer panels and development of tumour testing protocols. Traditional genetic counselling models are no longer sustainable and must evolve to match the rapid evolution of genetic testing technologies and developments in personalized medicine. Recently, representatives from oncology, clinical genetics, molecular genetics, pathology, and patient advocacy came together to create a national multi-disciplinary Canadian consortium. By aligning stakeholder interests, the BRCA Testing to Treatment (BRCA TtoT) Community of Practice aims to develop a national strategy for tumour and germline BRCA1/2testing and genetic counselling in women with ovarian cancer. This article serves to provide an overview of the recent evolution of genetic assessment for BRCA1/2-associated gynecologic malignancies and outline a Canadian roadmap to facilitate change, improve genetic testing rates, and ultimately improve outcomes for hereditary ovarian cancer patients and their families.

To determine the local rates of massive intraoperative blood loss and subsequent infectious morbidity for patients undergoing gynaecologic laparotomy.

To present the clinicopathologic features of two cases of luteinized thecomas with sclerosing peritonitis (LTSP), characterize the cellular proliferation in the sclerosing peritonitis (SP), and review the literature.

Uterine rupture is a tear in the uterine wall involving its full thickness, resulting in the formation of a defect in the uterine wall. The major risk factor is the presence of uterine scarring (specifically from Caesarean section), but it can also occur in an unscarred uterus. Although rare, this has been shown to result in more severe complications.

There is little current evidence to define an appropriate surgical wait time in patients with cancer. The aim of this study was to examine whether increased time to surgery in patients with early-stage lower genital tract cancers resulted in a risk of cancer progression.

To evaluate the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in 90-day pre-operative period and at 30 and 90 days post surgery in patients who underwent debulking for ovarian cancer, analyze the impact of extended prophylaxis that was initiated in 2012, and examine the influence of data collection technique on reported rates of VTE.

Low-grade serous carcinomas and serous borderline tumors, combined herein and referred to as low-grade serous tumors, show distinct molecular alterations and clinical behaviors compared with high-grade serous carcinomas. The discrimination between low-grade serous tumors and high-grade serous carcinomas can be challenging on small tissue samples, such as cell blocks of paracentesis fluid or biopsies from omental disease. The purpose of this study was to test the ability of TP53 and CDKN2A immunohistochemistry to distinguish between high-grade serous carcinomas and low-grade serous tumors on small tissue samples. Tissue microarrays containing 582 high-grade serous carcinomas, 45 low-grade serous carcinomas, and 49 serous borderline tumors, confirmed by contemporary histopathological review, were stained for TP53 and CDKN2A (DO7 and E6H4 antibody clones, respectively). TP53 was scored as completely absent, wild-type pattern or overexpressed (>60%), and CDKN2A was scored as either negative/patchy (<90%) or block expression (>90%). The combination of the two markers, ie, the TP53 wild-type pattern and CDKN2A patchy expression, had sensitivity for low-grade serous tumors of 89%, a specificity of 93%, a positive predictive value of 68%, and a negative predictive value of 98%. These markers can, therefore, be used on small biopsies/cell blocks to refute a diagnosis of low-grade serous tumors. These findings may inform emerging neoadjuvant therapeutic strategies in advanced ovarian cancers and may be crucial for future clinical trials on molecular-based therapies.

We describe the architectural patterns of advanced ovarianpelvic high-grade serous carcinomas that have been treated with upfront surgery, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy or neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by interval debulking to explore the association with the chemotherapeutic response. For 70 cases of advanced (i.e. stage IIIIV) high-grade serous carcinomas (33 platinum resistantintermediate, 37 platinum sensitive; 24 neoadjuvantly treated, 44 primary surgery), all tumor-containing histologic slides were reviewed by 1 of 3 pathologists. Histologic type was confirmed and the following features were assessed: major architectural pattern and the presence of any of 8 predefined minor architectural patterns (papillary, transitional cell carcinoma-like, micropapillary, microcystic, nested papillary, slit-like, glandular, solid). A semiquantitative assessment of psammoma bodies, histiocytic response, necrosis, nuclear atypia, and single-cell invasion was performed. Mitotic count was performed in 10 HPF and 1 HPF was counted for intraepithelial lymphocytes. The morphologic features were tested for an association with previous neoadjuvant chemotherapy and response to chemotherapy (resistantintermediate versus chemotherapy-sensitive cases stratified by neoadjuvant chemotherapy), which was carried out using 2tests for categorical variables and analysis of variance for continuous data. Combinations of features were analyzed using unsupervised clustering (Wald). Although 8 of 18 features were significantly different when samples from neoadjuvantly treated patients were compared with those not previously treated, no individual histomorphologic feature or a combination of features was associated with response to chemotherapy. Further subtyping of high-grade serous carcinomas will likely need ancillary molecular markers that may have a greater potential to identify cases that will not respond to platinum-based chemotherapy.

The primary objective of this study was to examine the role of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) as first- or second-line medical treatment in women with endometrial adenocarcinoma who were not candidates for surgical management. The secondary objective was to examine the role of AIs in adjuvant and palliative treatment.

The objective of this study was to examine both overall and disease-free survival of patients with advanced stage ovarian cancer after immediate or interval debulking surgery based on residual disease.

Vacuum assisted closure and negative pressure (NP) dressings are innovative forms of wound management used in multiple fields of medicine, including surgery. We review here the current literature in this area relevant for the gynaecologist. Negative pressure dressings increase blood flow to the wound, decrease bacterial counts, decrease tension on wound edges, and increase the formation of granulation tissue. Until recently, use of NP dressings has been contraindicated in wounds that have been previously radiated or that have necrotic tissue, an infection, an open fistula, an underlying malignancy, or an exposed blood vessel. In this review, we discuss the use of negative pressure for the treatment of abdominal wounds, including those associated with dehiscence, fistula, and prior radiation. We also discuss the use of NP dressings in gynaecologic oncology, including the vulvar and perineal areas. Finally, we outline the basics of applying NP dressings, and discuss pressure settings, “foam counts,” debridement, and interface dressings to optimize the benefits of vacuum dressings. When used in the appropriate setting, NP dressing is a unique and important modality of treatment in gynaecology.

The goal of any skin closure technique is to produce appropriate skin approximation and adequate healing while minimizing pain, wound complications, cost, and scarring; the technique should be quick, cost-effective, and simple, while maximizing wound cosmesis and patient satisfaction. Although many studies have shown the superiority of staples for speed of closure, it is unclear if staples give a superior cosmetic result or reduce pain. Several randomized controlled trials have found that sutures are superior for cosmesis and that they decrease postoperative pain and are more cost-effective. There remains a paucity of data on wound infections and complications associated with closure technique. This review summarizes studies to date evaluating outcomes associated with wound closure using staples and sutures in repairing abdominal incisions and, in particular, assesses outcomes in the obstetric population with a Pfannenstiel incision.

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare life-threatening disease that can occur in pregnancy.

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is a global surgical quality improvement initiative that has spread across numerous surgical disciplines. The uptake of ERAS in cesarean delivery in Canada is presently unknown. This study surveyed the current practices of Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC) members with regards to ERAS guidelines for preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative cesarean delivery care. Survey responses highlight perioperative practice variations across Canada. Active implementation of ERAS cesarean delivery guidelines could potentially lessen variations in perioperative care, improve patient outcomes, and minimize health care costs.

•L-Rham induces apoptosis-independent cell death in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) cells.•L-Rham-induced cell death is dose and time dependent in HGSOC cells grown as 2D or 3D cultures.•L-Rham is as effective as paclitaxel to reduce tumor burden and metastasis in a CAM model.•L-Rham significantly reduces tumor formation in a low tumor burden model.•L-Rham blocks ascites formation.

To survey the current practice of Society of Gynecologic Oncology of Canada (GOC) members about preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases of care. The survey was carried out prior to publication of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society gynaecologic/oncology guidelines.