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The article focuses on the beauty of fall foliage in South Dakota's urban landscapes, highlighting how neighborhoods and city streets transform with vibrant autumn colors. It explores various locations, from Sioux Falls to Rapid City, showcasing how trees and historic sites enhance the seasonal charm. It emphasizes that even within city environments, the changing leaves and urban treescapes provide a picturesque and cozy atmosphere that contrasts with the surrounding natural landscapes.

The article focuses on the historical and geological significance of the continental divide in the region between South Dakota and Minnesota, particularly around the Traverse Gap and the Coteau des Prairies. It highlights the impact of glacial movements on the landscape, including the creation of Glacial Lake Agassiz and the formation of the divide which separates drainage basins flowing north to Hudson Bay from those flowing south to the Gulf of Mexico.

Oligonucleotides have emerged as a promising class of pharmaceuticals, leading to significantly increased demand. Oligonucleotides are typically produced by solid-phase synthesis and then purified by ion exchange or reverse-phase chromatography. Predictive simulation is a valuable tool to help reduce process development times, secure scale-up, and decrease waste generation. In this paper, we disclose for the first time a cutting-edge mechanistic model describing oligonucleotide purification by ion exchange chromatography. The novel aspect of the model and focus of this paper is the thermodynamic description of large, highly charged molecules, which includes both solution chemistry and the ion exchange mechanism with the chromatographic medium. The different retention of such molecules depending on their sequence length, charge state, and interaction strength with the resin is accurately predicted. Thanks to a meaningful description of the underlying physical and chemical phenomena, the model also has highly predictive capabilities outside of the experimentally studied parameter ranges. It can be used to predict the outcome of changes to the operating conditions and experimental protocol, like the pH or ionic strength of buffer solutions, the number of washing steps, the loaded sample quantity, and more. The model can also account for a change of configuration from a single column to a multicolumn system. The step-by-step methodology to implement this model is presented and illustrated with examples from three leading pharmaceutical companies in the field. This methodology has been shown to lead to a significant process understanding with minimal experimental effort.

The article presents the discussion on Adam Grimm's journey from a childhood in Ohio to becoming a renowned wildlife artist in South Dakota, inspired by his love for nature and hunting. Topics include Adam Grimm's artistic development influenced by family support, his deep connection to South Dakota's natural beauty, and his success in the competitive world of duck stamp competitions.

The article presents the discussion on Castlewood benefited from a $1.8 million gift from Gaylord Hoftiezer, who, despite a successful career on the East Coast, never forgot his hometown. Topics include Hoftiezer's career in design and real estate, his lasting connection to Castlewood, and the transformative impact of his financial gift on the town's historic preservation and renovation efforts.

Asteroids with diameters less than about 5 km have complex histories because they are small enough for radiative torques (that is, YORP, short for the Yarkovsky–O’Keefe–Radzievskii–Paddack effect)1to be a notable factor in their evolution2. (152830) Dinkinesh is a small asteroid orbiting the Sun near the inner edge of the main asteroid belt with a heliocentric semimajor axis of 2.19 au; its S-type spectrum3,4is typical of bodies in this part of the main belt5. Here we report observations by the Lucy spacecraft6,7as it passed within 431 km of Dinkinesh. Lucy revealed Dinkinesh, which has an effective diameter of only 720 m, to be unexpectedly complex. Of particular note is the presence of a prominent longitudinal trough overlain by a substantial equatorial ridge and the discovery of the first confirmed contact binary satellite, now named (152830) Dinkinesh I Selam. Selam consists of two near-equal-sized lobes with diameters of 210 m and 230 m. It orbits Dinkinesh at a distance of 3.1 km with an orbital period of about 52.7 h and is tidally locked. The dynamical state, angular momentum and geomorphologic observations of the system lead us to infer that the ridge and trough of Dinkinesh are probably the result of mass failure resulting from spin-up by YORP followed by the partial reaccretion of the shed material. Selam probably accreted from material shed by this event.

The article explores Sean Dempsey's innovative approach to pizza-making, where he creates unconventional pizzas using unique ingredients and daring flavor combinations. Topics discussed include Dempsey's pizza creations, his journey to becoming a renowned pizza maker, and his participation in international pizza competitions.

The article delves into Alex Resel's passion for storm chasing and photography, detailing his journey from a young enthusiast to a seasoned chaser who captures stunning images of severe weather. Topics discussed include Resel's early experiences with storms, his photography development, and the role of storm chasers in public safety.

The goal of medical education is to produce a physician workforce capable of delivering high-quality equitable care to diverse patient populations and communities. To achieve this aim amidst explosive growth in medical knowledge and increasingly complex medical care, a system of personalized and continuous learning, assessment, and feedback for trainees and practicing physicians is urgently needed. In this perspective, the authors build on prior work to advance a conceptual framework for such a system: precision education (PE).PE is a system that uses data and technology to transform lifelong learning by improving personalization, efficiency, and agency at the individual, program, and organization levels. PE “cycles” start with data inputsproactively gathered from new and existing sources, including assessments, educational activities, electronic medical records, patient care outcomes, and clinical practice patterns. Through technology-enabled analytics, insightsare generated to drive precision interventions. At the individual level, such interventions include personalized just-in-time educational programming. Coaching is essential to provide feedback and increase learner participation and personalization. Outcomesare measured using assessment and evaluation of interventions at the individual, program, and organizational levels, with ongoing adjustmentfor repeated cycles of improvement. PE is rooted in patient, health system, and population data; promotes value-based care and health equity; and generates an adaptive learning culture.The authors suggest fundamental principles for PE, including promoting equity in structures and processes, learner agency, and integration with workflow (harmonization). Finally, the authors explore the immediate need to develop consensus-driven standards: rules of engagement between people, products, and entities that interact in these systems to ensure interoperability, data sharing, replicability, and scale of PE innovations.

The article explores the South Dakota Symphony Orchestra's Music Composition Academies, highlighting the transformative impact of music on youth participants, with insights from mentor Michael Begay and reflections on the healing nature of the program. Topics include the academy's origin from the Lakota Music Project, the mentorship role of individuals like Jeff Paul, and the emotional depth in compositions addressing personal experiences or societal issues.

The article explores former owner of Landscape Garden Centers, Paul DeJong's connection with Sioux Falls' urban forest, chronicling his lifelong passion for trees and his endeavor to document the city's arbor culture in a coffee table book titled "If Our Trees Could Talk." It mentions DeJong's journey, fueled by his diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease and supported by a dedicated team, epitomizes his commitment to preserving nature's beauty and enhancing outdoor living spaces for the community.

Fault Tree (FT) analysis is not only the most common technique used in engineering practice for the estimation of system reliability, but is also a key tool shared between designers, analysts, and regulators for the safe operation and licensing purposes. In spite of its long lasting success, traditional FT analysis presents significant limitations in modeling a wide range of features frequently encountered in modern systems. The most critical of these is the assumption of failure events independence, which is often not justified by the realistic behavior of the engineering system, undermining modeling accuracy. This article introduces a novel methodology for the analysis of FTs allowing for component dependencies and dynamic features. The proposed approach, based on the use of binary decision diagrams, is demonstrated using a simple numerical application for verification. Its applicability and computational feasibility is discussed in details.

The article explores the transformative power of art in promoting well-being, emphasizing the role of Vermillion's Ariadne Albright, who champions arts in health through Creative Care, LLC, and various initiatives in healthcare and community settings. Topics include Albright's efforts to build art collections in healthcare facilities, her focus on creating uplifting environments, and the global acceptance of the arts as integral to everyday life and well-being.

The article focuses on landowners in South Dakota, U.S. particularly in the four south-central counties of Gregory, Charles Mix, Lyman & Brule, who are combating the encroachment of cedar trees on their ranchland. Topics covered include the detrimental effects of eastern redcedars on pastureland; the formation of the Mid-Missouri River Prescribed Burn Association to manage cedar encroachment; and the role of prescribed burning in controlling cedar trees.

The article reviews several donut shops in South Dakota (SD), U.S. including the Sweet Grass in Wessington Springs, SD; the Kirst Confections & Cafe in Bryant, SD; and the Jerry's Donuts in Rapid City, SD.

The article focuses on the New Deal initiatives implemented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression. Topics include the creation of federal agencies to alleviate the nation's economic crisis, the impact of New Deal projects in South Dakota such as baseball stadiums and schools, and the transformation of New Deal-era buildings into apartments.

The article offers information on a Harvey Dunn print titled "I Am the Resurrection and the Life" that depicts a scene of mourners gathered for a burial on a desolate prairie. Topics include the speculation of whether the scene was imagined or witnessed by Dunn, the existence of solitary graves throughout South Dakota as reminders of past families, and the care provided by subsequent neighbors to maintain these resting places.

The article offers information on the influential artist Oscar Howe and his impact on Native American painters, particularly in the Northern Plains. Howe's meticulous approach to art, his mentorship of young artists, and his dedication to Native art challenged the mainstream art establishment. A retrospective exhibition called Dakota Modern will shed light on Howe's work and his significant influence on the art world, bringing him the recognition he deserves.

Switches and Crossings (S&C) are a fundamental part of any railway network, they allow trains to switch between tracks and to cross over other tracks. They consist of various electrical and mechanical components to which there is a substantial maintenance cost. Failure of an S&C unit can cause significant disruption to traffic and have large financial implications. Therefore, planning their maintenance is of critical importance to railway asset managers. This research proposes an asset management framework, which models the degradation, failure, inspection and maintenance for the S&C unit. The framework comprises nine Petri net sub-models for the S&C component availability and predicts the number of maintenance interventions in a given time period. This can be used to inform maintenance decision making, with the aim of reducing the life cycle cost of the S&C.

The article focuses on taxidermy as an art form and highlights people who have made it a successful career such as Brian Hellman, Raesha Beck, and Shawna Deffenbaugh in South Dakota. Topics include the steady stream of work and the need for more employees, the decline of interest in taxidermy among young people, and the success of taxidermy businesses in pheasant country.

The article focuses on the challenges and rewards of owning and operating a small-town newspaper; other topics include the initial desire of Jim and Kathy Nelson to own a newspaper, their eventual acquisition of the Timber Lake Topic, and potential loss of the newspaper and its community impact.

The article offers information on John Banasiak, a photography professor with a passion for experimentation and teaching at the University of South Dakota in Vermillion, South Dakota. Topics discussed include Banasiak's unique photographic processes; his unconventional darkroom experiments; his fascination with capturing nighttime scenes; and his passion for exploring unique photographic processes and techniques.

ObjectiveThis posthoc analysis investigated the relationship between paraoxonase-1 (PON1) genotype and activity, and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and malignancies in clinical studies of tofacitinib in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsData were pooled from 9 phase II/III studies and the associated long-term extension studies (all completed by October 2017). PON1 activities in plasma were measured using paraoxon (paraoxonase activity), dihydrocoumarin (lactonase activity), and phenylacetate (arylesterase activity) as substrates. PON1 Q192R genotype effect on baseline PON1 activity was assessed using linear regression for each study, with fixed-effects metaanalysis across studies. MACE and malignancy risk by time-varying enzyme activity was determined using Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsThe analysis included 1969 patients with RA. Compared with the QQ genotype, the RR genotype had a significant positive association with baseline paraoxonase activity and a significant negative association with baseline lactonase and arylesterase activity (all P< 0.001). Time-varying models demonstrated a significant association of increased paraoxonase activity over time with lower risk of MACE (P< 0.001) and malignancies (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]; P≤ 0.05), even after controlling for risk factors identified in univariate analysis and RA disease activity. A similar trend was observed for lactonase and arylesterase for MACE.ConclusionHigher paraoxonase activity over time was associated with significantly reduced risk of future MACE and malignancies (excluding NMSC), but not NMSC, in patients with RA receiving tofacitinib. Further investigation of PON1 as a novel functional lipid biomarker of MACE/malignancy risk in patients with RA is warranted. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01059864, NCT00550446, NCT00687193, NCT00960440, NCT00814307, NCT00856544, NCT00853385, NCT00847613, NCT01039688, NCT00413699, NCT00661661)

The article announces anniversary of the journal which has been in business since 25 years.

ABSTRACTMultiple proxies in three sediment cores from Northwestern Baffin Bay document the timing of Lancaster Sound Ice Stream (LSIS) retreat that led to Arctic–Atlantic throughflow in Parry Channel, an important source of freshwater that can impact the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. The Late Glacial to Holocene timing of ice retreat and channel opening and the responses of the regional ocean environment to these events are presented. We use quantitative mineral composition, foraminiferal assemblages, biogenic silica, ice-rafted debris (IRD), and 14C-based age models to document and date the events and environmental changes occurring during deglaciation of this major marine channel. Findings show that retreat of the LSIS into Lancaster Sound occurred before ~15.3 cal ka BP, about 800 years before the onset of major iceberg calving events from the LSIS, named the Baffin Bay Detrital Carbonate events (BBDC 1 and BBDC 0). The end of BBDC 0 occurred at ~10.6 cal ka BP, which coincides with the opening of Parry Channel. A marine environment productive of calcareous benthic and planktic foraminifera, with diminished meltwater, seasonal sea ice, warmer summer temperatures, and inflowing, nutrient-rich Arctic surface water characterizes the interval between the opening of Parry Channel and the opening of Nares Strait. Paired planktic and benthic 14C ages over this 2,200-year interval show diminishing age offsets suggesting progressive mixing of the upper ~850–900 m of the water column. The opening of Nares Strait by ~8.2 cal ka BP coincides with increased biogenic silica in the form of abundant, large centric diatoms and dissolution of CaCO3. The paucity of calcareous organisms after 8.2 cal ka BP resulted in poor chronological control in the cores to interpret changing environments after 8.2 cal ka BP.

The article informs on the Lakota Music Project which is a program of the South Dakota Symphony Orchestra. It mentions that the program by David Gier seeks to heal relationships between Natives and non-Natives through music, and addresses racial tension by creating an environment of openness through music.

The geometry of railway track must be maintained within certain standards in order to provide a highly available network, as well as good ride comfort and safety for all rail users. Modelling is well utilised as part of asset management tools in exploring the effectiveness of different rail geometry maintenance strategies. By considering the rail route as an entire system – in contrast to a track section in isolation – a more effective maintenance strategy can be developed, including the deployment of opportunistic maintenance practice. This study presents a Coloured Petri Net model of railway track degradation, inspection, and maintenance planning and delivery, for an entire route of track sections. Opportunistic maintenance is introduced through a novel search transition function, which groups interventions based on local adjacency. Testing explores the availability and maintenance demands expected when following a series of different management strategies. This is extended to testing under heatwave conditions, a known disrupter to track geometry maintenance delivery. Simulation results show that in following an opportunistic strategy, greater availability can be achieved on the modelled rail line. Further, resilience to the heatwave disruptions can be achieved by selecting the correct maintenance strategy parameters. This asset management tool can provide guidance on management strategies for a full route of track sections as a combined system.

The article discusses a brief about a South Dakota's photography event "Shootout." Topics discussed include that photographer Kendra Koski started her work with participation in an event launched by South Dakota's state leader called the "Black Hill Photo Shootout," it also discusses that this year the event will be held in September 30, 2022 to October 2, 2022 at Wall and Badlands National park and it mentions that this year the event would include some workshops including toy photography.

The article discusses about Brookings artist Jessie Rasche and her work. Topics discussed includes her appreciation to the South Dakota Arts Council and the National Endowment for the Arts for the grant which allowed her to work in South Dakota, it also mentions her work "Painting South Dakota" which helped her create a bond with the people of South Dakota and it also displays her large paintings including the Brookings-county farm scene titled "black and white" which is her largest painting.

The article explores the history of Dakota territory and south Dakota. It includes a brief discussion on history of first Dakota Cavalry, the military regiment that assemble in Dakota territory, discusses final acts of James Buchanan as president of United States of signing the document creating Dakota territory on March 2, 1861 and also discussed how soldiers from first Dakota Cavalry helped construct first school in Dakota territory in 1864.

The article discusses the Bedrock City in Custer, theme park and campground in which featured buildings and characters inspired by The Flintstones television series.

The article discusses the artifacts of South Dakota that describes the history of the country. Topics include the interest of the American to visit museums and historical sites; works of Harvey Dunn in capturing the prairies, his paintings in the Dakota Art Museum in Brookings houses; Seth Bullock's gun in Adams Museum, Deadwood, and .

The author discusses the gathering of high school jazz musicians at the Johnson Fine Arts Center on Northern State University for rehearsals and mentions profile of Jim Speirs, executive director of Arts South Dakota. Topics discussed include enrollment of Speirs at the South Dakota State University as music merchandising major, song "Livery Stable Blues" recorded by the Original Dixieland Jass Band, and jazz banned on Kenosha Unified School District (KUSD) by Board of Regents in South Dakota.

The article focuses on family of couple Ron and LaVonne Masters who resolved their fasith on God in charge during the RapidCity Flood and survived. Topics discussed include rescue of the Masterses by the national guardsmen during the disaster, testament of LaVonne of faith that began the healing process and book "Some Through the Flood" written by the couple.

The article discusses, trips to our county courthouses are often mundane: we license vehicles, register to vote and pay property taxes. But in our years of traveling South Dakota, we've learned to pay attention to what else lies inside the courthouse walls. Not only are our 64 seats of county government bustling hubs of business, but they are also repositories of art, fossils, historical collections and other local curiosities. .

The article informs about community-wide effort to save the historic Goss Opera House helped breathe art life into Watertown, and Local artist Josh Spies displayed his oil paintings and exotic wildlife mounts taken during African safaris. Topics include Retired high school speech teacher Donus Roberts sold books as other local artisans offered silk scarves, purses and jewelry in the emporium; and neighboring building to help address accessibility issues and built a commercial kitchen.

The author discusses book "Rattlesnake Summer" by poet Christopher Vondracek which is based on experiences in South Dakota's counties and mentions experience of Vondracek of writing poetry. Topics discussed include poem "Dust Cloud in Hand County" by the poet, work of Vondracek which defined line between journalism and poetry and art teacher Luke Gorder's painting that provided visual break between book of the poet.

The article focuses on painting in Dacotah Prairie Musueum in Aberdeen of women assembled by the journal of art scholar John Day and mentions artist Frank Ashford who did not lose sense of partiotism. Topics discussed include prominent politicians and judges painted by Ashfrod in 1920s including chief justice Louis Brandeis, oil paintings sale of Ashford placed around campus of Dakota Hospital for Insane and professional achievement of Ashford.

The article offers information on artist Jerry Fogg and his art collection. Topics discussed include interpretation of Fogg regarding the ongoing missing and murdered indigenous women and children crisis, his arts as a way to explore the rich history of Plains Indians and taking stands on the powerful issues confronting indigenous people, and unique pieces of Fogg including drawings, paintings and smaller handcrafted elements for the art community.

The article discusses ties and tributes to the 16th president Abraham Lincoln from the state of South Dakota. Topics discussed include a new book published by the South Dakota Historical Society Press "Lincoln: A Western Legacy," by Richard Etulain exploring Lincoln's lifelong interest in the West, endless fascination of public has been endlessly fascinated with Lincoln.

The article focuses on Peter Norbeck, a visionary and former senator and governor of South Dakota whose passion for conservation and tourism shaped the state's landscape and culture. A brief family and political career background of Norbeck are provided. Norbeck is responsible for the creation and expansion of Custer State Park for 30 years. In 1909, his company, Norbeck and Nicholson, drilled an artesian well near the capitol that resulted in continuous water supply.

The article offers information on fen nature preserves found in South Dakota. Fens contain large amounts of peat that differentiates it from other wetlands. A suitable environment for fens and their inhabitants is the Prairie Coteau with the Northern stitchwort, necklace sedge and small fringed gentian as among those plants found in it. An estimated 30 documented fens are found in the state, including the Minnechaduza Fen and McIntosh Fen.

Bridges are one of the most important assets of transportation networks. A closure of a bridge can increase the vulnerability of the geographic area served by such networks, as it reduces the number of available routes. Condition monitoring and deterioration detection methods can be used to monitor the health state of a bridge and enable detection of early signs of deterioration. In this paper, a novel Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) methodology for bridge deterioration detection is proposed. A method to build a BBN structure and to define the Conditional Probability Tables (CPTs) is presented first. Then evidence of the bridge behaviour (such as bridge displacement or acceleration due to traffic) is used as an input to the BBN model, the probability of the health state of whole bridge and its elements is updated and the levels of deterioration are detected. The methodology is illustrated using a Finite Element Model (FEM) of a steel truss bridge, and for an in-field post-tensioned concrete bridge.