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Under climatic warming many species shift their seasonal timing of life cycle events (phenology) and seasonal abundance distribution, but whether they maintain the same thermal niche is still poorly understood. Here, we studied multidecadal trends in abundance and phenology of seven major copepod species across three stations (Stonehaven (SH), Helgoland Roads (HR), and Plymouth L4) on the North–West European shelf, spanning ~ 6.5° of latitude. All seven species consistently occupied colder temperatures at the northern station compared to the southerly station, but they maintained the same realized thermal niche over years. Expected phenological shifts (i.e., earlier when warmer) in some stations were obscured possibly by the long‐term drop of copepod density in spring–summer, which may be due to a variation in the food/predators abundance. The ongoing spring–summer declines in abundance (~ 50%) of many North Atlantic pelagic species over the last five decades, as found in recent studies, may have also influenced the metrics of seasonal timing. To separate the seasonal timing of life events from that of seasonal abundance distribution, we used a time series of egg production rate (EPR) of Calanus helgolandicusat L4, and found that this shifted later into the summer–autumn over the last 30 yr of warming, coincident with declining spring–summer food and increasing predator abundance. Overall, direct temperature effects do appear to influence the seasonal timing of the copepods, but to explain impacts at individual stations or long‐term trends in population size or phenology, understanding the changing balance of food and predators appears to be critical.

Rotterdam has become known as a site of architectural innovation. German bombing raids flattened much of Holland's second-largest city in 1940, only for it to be rebuilt during the post-war [...]

It is desirable in induction motors drives to maximize the inverter output voltage to increase the output torque and power in the field weakening (FW) region. Existing FW control methods produce high torque ripples and show high step reductions of the $d$ -axis current during the transient period from constant torque (CT) to FW. In addition, many proposed controllers are difficult to tune and require specific control algorithms to deal with parameter sensitivities. In this article, a closed-loop voltage control method is developed based on the $d$ -axis reference current to maximize the voltage extraction from dc-link voltage while minimizing the above disadvantages. This is achieved by applying the proposed $d$ -axis current, which compensates the difference between the hexagonal reference voltage and stator voltage for corresponding stator voltage vector position. Therefore, the output torque and power of the induction machine (IM) are maximized in the FW region. The proposed method is first presented analytically, and then, simulation and experimental results are included to verify the control method.

Fractional intracellular volume–derived Vascular, Extracellular, and Restricted Diffusion for Cytometry in Tumor analysis of multiparametric MRI findings resulted in better classification of clinically significant prostate cancer than did analysis of prostate-specific antigen density or lesion apparent diffusion coefficient.

When Celtic Park football stadium hosts the opening ceremony of the Commonwealth Games on July 23 next year, it will be Glasgow 7 s big moment. The Scottish city was [...]

London remains an enchanting mix of old and new, a city where you can enjoy historical sites, trendy architecture--and even munch on a biskie. David Atkinson reports London continues to [...]

When Celtic Park football stadium hosts the opening ceremony of the Commonwealth Games on July 23 next year, it will be Glasgow's big moment. The Scottish city was European Capital [...]

The article interviews Ralph Edwards, Head of Trade Sales at Lloyds Bank. He discusses the export environment for manufacturers, emphasizing the benefits of international trade, strategies for managing cash flow and inventory, and the support available for entering new markets. Topics include the role of exports in fostering innovation, the importance of holistic financial management, and resources like Lloyds Bank's International Trade Portal for identifying market opportunities.

Microelectrode arrays offer a means to probe the functional circuitry of the brain and the promise of cortical neuroprosthesis for individuals suffering from paralysis or limb loss. These devices are typically comprised of one or more shanks incorporating microelectrode sites, where the shanks are positioned by inserting the devices along a straight path that is normal to the brain surface. The lack of consistent long-term chronic recording technology has driven interest in novel probe design and approaches that go beyond the standard insertion approach that is limited to a single velocity or axis. This review offers a description of typical approaches and associated limitations and surveys emergent methods for implantation of microelectrode arrays, in particular those new approaches that leverage embedded microactuators and extend the insertion direction beyond a single axis.

It starts with a shot of local moonshine and ends in a huge, alcohol-fuelled punch up that is often deadly. This is the strange world of tinku, a highly ritualised, […]

Towards the end of 1967, Che Guevara gained a new nickname: Fernando the Tooth Extractor. It was the final days of his attempt to start a peasant uprising in rural [...]

Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle is a milestone of twentieth-century physics. We sketch the history that led to the formulation of the principle, and we recall the objections of Grete Hermann and Niels Bohr. Then we explain that there are in fact two uncertainty principles. One was published by Heisenberg in the Zeitschrift für Physikof March 1927 and subsequently targeted by Bohr and Hermann. The other one was introduced by Earle Kennard in the same journal a couple of months later. While Kennard’s principle remains untarnished, the principle of Heisenberg has recently been criticized in a way that is very different from the objections by Bohr and Hermann: there are reasons to believe that Heisenberg’s formula is not valid. Experimental results seem to support this claim.

This article explores how a focus on commodities, and associated ‘follow-the-thing’ methodologies, might help nuance and deepen traditional historical narratives of the natural-ice trade between Norway and Britain in the 1850–1920 period. The article outlines these approaches and their potential to prompt richer understandings of the broader social impacts of the extraction or production of commodities, and their sale and consumption. This approach suggests that a more extensive, encompassing engagement with commodity flows and their wider social and cultural imprint could allow a clearer sense of how commodities helped to constitute the modern world. In turn, more fine-grained appreciations can be generated of the entwined historical processes and social impacts that shaped the rise and fall of natural ice as a commodity.

Emission-based attenuation correction (AC) methods offer the possibility of overcoming quantification errors induced by conventional MR-based approaches in PET and Magnetic Resonance (MR) (PET/MR) imaging. However, the joint problem of determining AC and the activity of interest is strongly ill-posed in non-time-of-flight (TOF) PET. This can be improved by exploiting the extra information arising from low energy window photons, but the feasibility of this approach has only been studied with relatively simplistic analytic simulations so far. This manuscript aims to address some of the remaining challenges needed to handle realistic measurements; in particular, the detection efficiency (normalization) estimation for each energy window is investigated. An energy-dependent detection efficiency model is proposed, accounting for the presence of unscattered events in the lower energy window due to detector scatter. Geometric calibration factors are estimated prior to the reconstruction for both scattered and unscattered events. Different reconstruction methods are also compared. Results show that geometric factors differ markedly between the energy windows and that our analytical model corresponds in good approximation to Monte Carlo simulation; the multiple energy window reconstruction appears sensitive to input/model mismatch. Our method applies to Monte Carlo generated data but can be extended to measured data. This study is restricted to single scatter events.

Key points * Acid water is capable of dissolving limestone. * Large-scale landforms are controlled mainly by structural features such as faults and folds. * Small-scale landforms are strongly influenced […]

The following narrative describes the experiences and reflections of a fourth-year medical student who longitudinally cared for a patient with dementia in an outpatient geriatric psychiatry clinic and inpatient medicine unit. The student, through these experiences, emphasizes the importance of creating space for honest and realistic discussions, balanced with empathic support, when discussing dementia diagnoses with patients and families. In addition, she recognizes the importance of engaging families in these discussions to promote proactive care planning and reminding patients and families that they are not at fault for their disease.

Body size is a fundamental trait in ecology, and body size reduction with increasing temperature has been termed the third universal response to climate warming. Although effects of temperature and food on phenotypic plasticity of zooplankton adult body size have been investigated, density‐dependent effects have been neglected. We measured seasonal changes in the prosome length of 7098 adult females of 7 dominant copepod species in 13 yr spanning a 27‐yr period of warming at the L4 time series off Plymouth, UK. The seasonal temperature–size (T–S) response varied greatly among species, from reductions of 2.93% of carbon mass °C−1for Paracalanus parvusto 10.15% of carbon mass °C−1for Temora longicornis. Evidence for a long‐term T–S response was detected in at least two species, supporting the hypothesis that climatic warming leads to smaller adult sizes. April was a crucial month for determining the strength of the T–S response. During this month, body size related negatively to total zooplankton abundance. We suggest that the mechanism for this density dependence is via competition for food and/or intraguild predation, since spring was also the period when the ratio of food biomass to zooplankton biomass was at its lowest. Our study is among the first in situ demonstrations of density‐dependent effects on the body size of marine zooplankton and shows the need to consider the effect of top‐down as well as bottom‐up factors on body size in a warming climate.

Paternal involvement during the antenatal period is recognised as a positive contributor to a child's health and developmental outcomes. Little is known about Aboriginal Australian men's experiences and perceptions during their partner's antenatal period. A qualitative yarning methodology was used to explore the experiences of ten Aboriginal Australian fathers during their partner's antenatal period, in a remote Northern Australian town. The study found the participants valued supporting their partners through pregnancy, making positive changes to their lifestyles, and having access to information on pregnancy. Participants described experiencing multiple stressors during the antenatal period that impacted on their social and emotional wellbeing. This is despite the range of protective factors identified by them. Participants had diverse experiences with health care providers during the antenatal period. This study demonstrated that these Aboriginal men valued engagement with antenatal care (ANC) services and highlighted strategies to improve Aboriginal paternal involvement with ANC services. Enhancing ANC to be inclusive of fathers, through a local co‐design process, could strengthen and support Aboriginal families to achieve improved health and wellbeing outcomes across the family system.

This year, Vienna is marking what would have been the 150th birthday of the father of Viennese modernism, Gustav Klimt, with a major cultural programme of events. But the city [...]

Leeds is no stranger to innovation. During the heady days of the Industrial Revolution it expanded rapidly, becoming a hub for wool, textiles and engineering. The Leeds-Liverpool canal opened up [...]

The article offers information on the ESG practices in UK manufacturing, highlighting a lack of standardized approaches to ESG data collection despite increasing adoption of ESG targets and KPIs among manufacturers. Topics include the need for standardized supply chain reporting processes, the role of independent auditors in verifying ESG data, and the growing integration of ESG conditions into procurement policies.

The article offers insights from James Selka, highlighting his long-standing dedication to the advanced engineering sector and efforts in promoting UK manufacturing. Topics include his optimistic outlook on manufacturing trends in 2024, emphasizing sustainability and the shift towards localized production.

BUSY BUSINESS TRAVELERS like to think they're pretty smart--from the good-deal flights they found online to the upgraded hotel suite secured via their loyalty program. But, breezing into a high-level [...]

Arterial transit artifacts at arterial spin-labeling MRI were the only factor associated with recent ischemic symptoms in participants with carotid stenosis.

There is particular angst expressed today about the future of the Humanities, although this concern has been with us for a long time. Many are concerned that the Humanities are dying and no longer occupy a position of importance in our universities. While there is every reason to be concerned, there has never been a time when the Humanities are more important. The Humanities must no longer accept a position at the periphery of universities and must, instead, assert their centrality. Religious Studies, as a relatively new Humanities discipline, offers a path forward. It suggests an openness that serves as a paradigm for the Humanities with regard to how to look outside themselves for new ways of doing research and teaching their students.

Nearly half of the U.S. veterans are over 65 years of age. Older veterans are at higher risk for mental health (MH) conditions, which are associated with increased mortality and health care costs. Given the deficit of specialty-trained geriatric providers, we are conducting a Quality Improvement initiative to improve MH services for older veterans at Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System. Our first step is to understand the demographic and diagnostic characteristics of veterans referred for geriatric MH specialty treatment.

Estimation of attenuation from positron emission tomography (PET) data only is of interest for hybrid PET-MR and systems where CT is not available or recommended. However, when using data from a single energy window, emission-based non-time-of-flight (TOF) PET attenuation correction (AC) methods suffer from “cross-talk” artifacts. Based on earlier work, this article explores the hypothesis that cross-talk can be reduced by using more than one energy window. We propose an algorithm for the simultaneous estimation of both activity and attenuation images, as well as, the scatter component of the measured data from a PET acquisition, using multiple energy windows. The model for the measurements is 3-D and accounts for the finite energy resolution of PET detectors; it is restricted to single scatter. The proposed energy-based simultaneous maximum likelihood reconstruction of activity and attenuation with photopeak scatter re-estimation algorithm is compared with simultaneous estimation from a single energy window simultaneous maximum likelihood reconstruction of activity and attenuation with photopeak scatter re-estimation. The evaluation is based on simulations using the characteristics of the Siemens mMR scanner. Phantoms of different complexity were investigated. In particular, a 3-D XCAT torso phantom was used to assess the inpainting of attenuation values within the lung region. Results show that the cross-talk present in non-TOF maximum likelihood reconstruction of activity and attenuation reconstructions is significantly reduced when using multiple energy windows and indicate that the proposed approach warrants further investigation.

ABSTRACTClimate warming is affecting terrestrial ecosystems in the Canadian Arctic, potentially altering the carbon balance of the landscape and contributing additional CO2to the atmosphere. High spatial resolution remote sensing data can enhance models of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and its component fluxes, gross ecosystem exchange (GEE), and ecosystem respiration (ER) by quantifying vegetation structure and function over time. In this study, we explored the variability of daytime CO2exchange rates for three vegetation types along a natural moisture gradient at ecologically distinct mid- and high Arctic sites. We demonstrated that for the two sites studied, there was no statistically significant variation in CO2exchange rates for the vegetation types through the peak growing season. Hence, the capacity to model these rates with a limited number of satellite data acquisitions is feasible. Simple bivariate models relating the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to CO2exchange processes (GEE, ER, and NEE) were developed independent of vegetation type and geographic location and validated using independent data. The spectral models explain between 33 and 94 percent of the variation in CO2exchange rates at each site, indicating a high level of functional convergence in ecosystem-level structure and function within Arctic landscapes.

Several letters to the editor in response to articles in previous issues including "Part D From Outer Space," by Trudy Lieberman in the January 30, 2006 issue, "Evo's Challenge in Bolivia," by Daphne Eviatar in the January 23, 2006 issue, and "Titans of Trash," by Heather Rogers in the December 19, 2005 issue are presented.

The article offers information on the current state of the UK economy in 2023 and manufacturers' strategic responses to economic challenges. Topics include the ongoing economic concerns such as energy prices, high inflation, high interest rates, and supply chain disruptions. Manufacturers are prioritizing self-preservation by focusing on maintaining or increasing margins, reducing costs, and protecting cash flow amid economic uncertainties.

The impact of the haemodialysis (HD) treatment on the clinical outcomes of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people of Kimberley origin in Australia is determined. The HD treatment is found to be extremely effective in the different remote areas of the country.

This year, Liverpool is pushing the city under three themes - accessibility, sustainability and its academic offer. David Atkinson reports and asks three buyers for their verdicts. Accessibility: The offer [...]

David Atkinson pinpoints venues in and around the Portuguese capital that offer C&I groups something that little bit out of the ordinary. Mosteiro dos Jeronimos Address: Praca do Imperio, Belem [...]

Salzburg and Innsbruck are developing a reputation to rival Vienna, says David Atkinson. Vienna is home of the waltz, and the capital also takes the lead when it comes to [...]

A study was conducted to determine the utility of point-of-care (POC) capillary blood glucose measurements in the diagnosis and exclusion of diabetes in usual practice in primary health care in remote areas. Results revealed that POC capillary blood glucose analyzers could be used as part of the process of diagnosing and excluding diabetes.

The car maker rewarded its top clients with a gala evening that reflected Liverpool's musical heritage and future tenure as European City of Culture. David Atkinson reports. THE BRIEF: A [...]

Table of Contents Abstract Case Report Discussion Conclusion References Abstract We present the case of a young, healthy male who suffered two isolated, nocturnal seizures thirteen years apart. During the [...]