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In this study, we use three-dimensional excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy for the identification of contamination of natural water bodies by landfill leachate. In particular, EEM was applied to provide information about the presence and quantities of leachate in ground waters. A good linear relationship was found between the fluorescence intensity emission of groundwater spiked with landfill leachate and the volumes of the latter, suggesting that there was no intrinsic fluorescence in the concentration range of 0–1000 μL L−1. The obtained values of the LOD (10 μL L−1; TOC = 34 μg L−1) and LOQ (34 μL L−1; TOC = 114 μg L−1) allow us to detect the presence and the amount of the landfill leachate in a sample of groundwater even when it is diluted about 100 000 times.

Hybrid alginate montmorillonite iron enriched beads (Fe-MABs) were synthesized using ion gelation method and used as catalyst in Escherichia coliinactivation in neutral solar photo-Fenton conditions. A kinetic analysis showed that the E. coliinactivation by Fe-MABs followed a pseudo first-order kinetics model. Complete disinfection was achieved in 1h of irradiation by using Fe-MABs in the presence of 10ppm of H2O2. Preliminary studies on recyclability showed possible beads reused up to four times. Overall, Fe-MABs represent an environmental friendly material able to achieve bactericidal performance measured by E. coliinactivation under photooxidative conditions.

This review is a survey of recent advances in environment related aspects of organic photochemistry. Besides presenting general concepts, the manuscript is mainly focused on the photoreactivity of natural organic matter, and on the photochemistry of anthropogenic substances under natural light irradiation.

In this research paper, we report a method able to detect perfluorinated compound at pg·L−1 levels in superficial and underground water samples. An online solid phase extraction HPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the analysis of 12 perfluoroalkyl acids (PFASs). The method is based on injection of 5000 µL of water sample in SPE online WAX column followed by chromatography separation and mass spectrometry determination. SPE online elution was performed by water + 0.05% NH4OH and methanol + 0.05% NH4OH, while separation of target compounds was achieved within 10 min by Gemini chromatographic column operating from 1 to 12 pH range and using a mixture of water-methanol + 0.05% NH4OH. Sub ng·L−1 method detection limits (from 0.2 to 5 ng·L−1), linearity (from 0.2 to 250 ng·L−1), accuracy (from 80 to 120%), and precision (RSD less than 15% at LOQs levels) were achieved. The method is capable of measuring PFAS at trace levels, but above all it can reach the limit of 200 pg·L−1 required by European regulation for PFOS determination in surface and underground waters. The method was validated for quantitative analysis of PFASs in real water samples.