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The Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) presently onboard the International Space Station (ISS) is an imaging spectrometer designed for remote sensing of coastal waters. The instrument is not equipped with any onboard spectral and radiometric calibration devices. Here we describe vicarious calibration techniques that have been used in converting the HICO raw digital numbers to calibrated radiances. The spectral calibration is based on matching atmospheric water vapor and oxygen absorption bands and extraterrestrial solar lines. The radiometric calibration is based on comparisons between HICO and the EOS/MODIS data measured over homogeneous desert areas and on spectral reflectance properties of coral reefs and water clouds. Improvements to the present vicarious calibration techniques are possible as we gain more in-depth understanding of the HICO laboratory calibration data and the ISS HICO data in the future.

Distraction osteogenesis is a recent technique often used for maxillary advancement to correct skeletofacial deformities in cleft patients. Conventional orthognathics falls short of achieving adequate stable results. Osteodistraction with Le Fort I osteotomy may create velopharyngeal incompetence. The authors propose a new technique for distracting only the anterior maxilla to improve aesthetics and occlusion while preserving existing speech patterns, using skeletally fixated intraoral devices.