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Puntos para una lectura rápida•La pancreatitis aguda (PA) tiene una incidencia creciente y es una de las enfermedades gastrointestinales que con más frecuencia requiere hospitalización, con una mortalidad entre el 5-10%.•El diagnóstico de la PA se basa en dolor epigástrico intenso, elevación de amilasa o lipasa, y/o hallazgos característicos de PA en la prueba de imagen.•La PA se divide en pancreatitis edematosa intersticial y pancreatitis necrotizante. La PA edematosa intersticial es la forma de presentación más frecuente (90%), presenta edema glandular, que puede acompañarse por la presencia de líquido peripancreático. La pancreatitis necrotizante (5-10%) se caracteriza por la presencia de necrosis pancreática y/o peripancreática.•La gravedad de la PA viene marcada por la repercusión sistémica que ocasiona (fallo orgánico), sobre todo si es persistente, y también por las complicaciones locales que se pueden desarrollar (colecciones líquidas o necrosis), especialmente si se infectan, requiriéndose un manejo personalizado.•La causa más frecuente (35-40%) de PA es la litiasis biliar, incluyendo las microlitiasis y el barro biliar. El alcohol representa la segunda causa (30%).•Si la causa de la PA no se corrige, un 30-50% de los pacientes tendrán una recurrencia.•El 10-20% de casos quedan sin diagnóstico etiológico, después de un estudio diagnóstico exhaustivo, y se consideran PA idiopáticas.•En caso de PA de origen tóxico por alcohol o tabaco es indispensable conseguir la abstinencia para prevenir recaídas.•Después de una PA, independientemente de la causa, con frecuencia se afectan las funciones tanto exocrina como endocrina del páncreas.

Background There are few large prospective cohort studies evaluating predictors of outcomes in acute pancreatitis.Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the role of age and co-morbid disease in predicting major outcomes in acute pancreatitis.Methods Data points were collected according to a predefined electronic data collection form. Acute pancreatitis and its complications were defined according to the revised Atlanta classification. Univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted using Cox proportional hazard regression and multiple logistic regression.Results From June 2013–February 2015, 1655 adult patients were recruited from 23 centres across Spain. Co-morbid disease, obesity, open surgical necrosectomy within 30 days, and pancreatic necrosis were independently associated with both 30-day mortality and persistent organ failure (p< 0.05 for all). Age was not associated with persistent organ failure, however the extreme of age (>85 years) was associated with mortality (p< 0.05). Co-morbid disease and obesity were not independently associated with a prolonged length of stay or other markers of morbidity on adjusted analysis (p> 0.05).Conclusion Comorbidity and obesity are important determinates of mortality and persistent organ failure in acute pancreatitis, but in the absence of organ failure they do not appear to independently contribute to morbidity. This has important implications for severity classification and predictive models of severity in acute pancreatitis.

There are few large prospective cohort studies evaluating predictors of outcomes in acute pancreatitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of age and co-morbid disease in predicting major outcomes in acute pancreatitis. Data points were collected according to a predefined electronic data collection form. Acute pancreatitis and its complications were defined according to the revised Atlanta classification. Univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted using Cox proportional hazard regression and multiple logistic regression. From June 2013–February 2015, 1655 adult patients were recruited from 23 centres across Spain. Co-morbid disease, obesity, open surgical necrosectomy within 30 days, and pancreatic necrosis were independently associated with both 30-day mortality and persistent organ failure (p?85 years) was associated with mortality (p??0.05). Comorbidity and obesity are important determinates of mortality and persistent organ failure in acute pancreatitis, but in the absence of organ failure they do not appear to independently contribute to morbidity. This has important implications for severity classification and predictive models of severity in acute pancreatitis.

Aspirin (ASA) is a drug that can cause gastrointestinal lesions and symptoms. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most prevalent type of cancer in Western countries. We assessed the effect of aspirin on the diagnostic accuracy of the faecal immunochemical test (FIT) for CRC and/or advanced neoplasia (AN) in patients undergoing colonoscopy for gastrointestinal symptoms. We conducted a prospective multicentre observational study of diagnostic tests that included patients with gastrointestinal symptoms undergoing colonoscopy between March 2012 and 2014 (the COLONPREDICT study). Symptoms were assessed and a FIT and blood tests assessing haemoglobin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were performed. The study included 3052 patients: A total of 2567 did not take aspirin (non-user group) and 485 (16%) took aspirin (user group). Continuous treatment with ASA did not change the AUC (0.88, 0.82; p?=?0.06), sensitivity (92%, 88%; p?=?0.5) or specificity (71%, 67%; p?=?0.2) of the FIT for CRC detection. Similarly, we found no differences in the AUC (0.81, 0.79; p?=?0.6), sensitivity (74%, 75.5%; p?=?0.3) or specificity (76%, 73.6%; p?=?0.3) for AN detection. Patients with an aspirin use of?=?300?mg/day had a lower prevalence of AN and the sensitivity, specificity and AUC for AN for these patients were 54%, 68% and 0.66, significantly lower than for the non-user group (p?=?0.03). Aspirin does not modify the diagnostic accuracy of FIT for CRC and/or AN in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. Aspirin use of?=?300?mg/day decreases the accuracy of the test.

Background Aspirin (ASA) is a drug that can cause gastrointestinal lesions and symptoms. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most prevalent type of cancer in Western countries. We assessed the effect of aspirin on the diagnostic accuracy of the faecal immunochemical test (FIT) for CRC and/or advanced neoplasia (AN) in patients undergoing colonoscopy for gastrointestinal symptoms.Methods We conducted a prospective multicentre observational study of diagnostic tests that included patients with gastrointestinal symptoms undergoing colonoscopy between March 2012 and 2014 (the COLONPREDICT study). Symptoms were assessed and a FIT and blood tests assessing haemoglobin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were performed.Results The study included 3052 patients: A total of 2567 did not take aspirin (non-user group) and 485 (16%) took aspirin (user group). Continuous treatment with ASA did not change the AUC (0.88, 0.82; p= 0.06), sensitivity (92%, 88%; p= 0.5) or specificity (71%, 67%; p= 0.2) of the FIT for CRC detection. Similarly, we found no differences in the AUC (0.81, 0.79; p= 0.6), sensitivity (74%, 75.5%; p= 0.3) or specificity (76%, 73.6%; p= 0.3) for AN detection. Patients with an aspirin use of ≥ 300 mg/day had a lower prevalence of AN and the sensitivity, specificity and AUC for AN for these patients were 54%, 68% and 0.66, significantly lower than for the non-user group (p= 0.03).Conclusions Aspirin does not modify the diagnostic accuracy of FIT for CRC and/or AN in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. Aspirin use of ≥ 300 mg/day decreases the accuracy of the test.

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La pancreatitis aguda (PA) tiene una incidencia creciente y es una de las enfermedades gastrointestinales que con más frecuencia requiere hospitalización. Numerosas evidencias científicas en los últimos años han comportado modificaciones importantes del tratamiento médico y quirúrgico de la PA. Los nuevos conocimientos sobre la fisiopatología de la enfermedad nos indican que la gravedad de la PA viene marcada por la repercusión sistémica que ocasiona (fallo orgánico), sobre todo si es persistente, y también por las complicaciones locales que se pueden desarrollar (colecciones líquidas o necrosis), especialmente si se infectan. El tratamiento ha de ser personalizado y la actuación dependerá de la situación clínica, la localización de la necrosis y el momento evolutivo en que se encuentre el paciente.

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutations are responsible for cystic fibrosis (CF) and have been postulated as a predisposing risk factor to chronic pancreatitis (CP), but controversial results demand additional support. We have therefore investigated the role of the CFTRgene in a cohort of 68 CP patients.

Detection of molecular features such as K-ras mutations has been used to evaluate potential tumour markers in a wide variety of clinical samples. Here we have applied a recently developed highly sensitive method for detection of K-ras codon 12 mutations to colorectal and pancreatic cancer diagnosis. We analysed 67 faecal samples from patients undergoing diagnostic colonoscopy under suspicion of colorectal cancer. PCR products were obtained in 62 of 67 (93%) faecal samples. Mutations were detected in exfoliated cells in 6 of 22 (27%) of the adenomas and in 6 of 11 (55%) of adenocarcinomas. No false positives were observed. Agreement between faecal samples and corresponding tissues was 100% for adenocarcinomas and 65% for adenomas. Mutations were also analysed in 61 pancreatic fine-needle aspirates. Mutations were detected in 36 of 45 (80%) of the pancreatic aspirates diagnosed as pancreatic cancer without false positives. Our findings suggest that, when colorectal cancer is suspected, detection of K-ras codon 12 mutations in faecal samples using this new method is specific for colorectal tumours. Additionally, this technique is a good alternative for evaluation of pancreatic masses. Int. J. Cancer 85:73–77, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

La pancreatitis crónica se asocia a calidad de vida deteriorada, elevada incidencia de comorbilidades, complicaciones graves y mortalidad. Los costes sanitarios son enormes. Algunas sociedades médicas han elaborado guías clínicas basadas en evidencia científica, pero el nivel de evidencia para cada aspecto de la enfermedad suele ser bajo y, consecuentemente, las recomendaciones tienden a ser vagas o débiles.

La pancreatitis crónica es una enfermedad fibroinflamatoria del páncreas originada por acción combinada de factores etiológicos. Muestra formas de presentación, tipos de complicaciones y grados evolutivos variables. Las opciones terapéuticas son tan diversas como los múltiples escenarios clínicos. Algunas sociedades médicas han desarrollado guías sobre diagnóstico y tratamiento basadas en evidencia científica. Pero la elevada variabilidad que conforman la conjunción de elementos etiológicos, presentaciones clínicas, complicaciones y progresión de la enfermedad hace que los niveles de evidencia obtenidos sean generalmente bajos y, por tanto, las recomendaciones tienden a ser vagas o débiles, salvo excepciones.En los presentes documentos de posicionamiento de la Societat Catalana de Digestologia y la Societat Catalana de Pàncrees hemos buscado redactar declaraciones bien definidas orientadas al clínico, basadas en revisiones actualizadas de literatura y acuerdos de expertos. El objetivo es proponer el uso de terminología común y circuitos diagnóstico/terapéuticos racionales basados en el conocimiento actual. Para este fin se revisaron 51 secciones relacionadas con pancreatitis crónica por 21 expertos de 6 especialidades diferentes para generar finalmente 88 declaraciones que buscan armonizar conceptos y formular recomendaciones precisas.La parte 1 de esta serie de documentos discute tópicos sobre etiología, diagnóstico y diagnóstico diferencial. Factores etiológicos de mayor relevancia son tóxicos (alcohol y tabaco), genéticos y obstructivos. Dolor abdominal, insuficiencia exocrina y endocrina y síntomas derivados de complicaciones son las presentaciones mas frecuentes. Algunos pacientes permanecen asintomáticos. El diagnóstico (seguro, probable o incierto) debe sustentarse en datos objetivos obtenidos en pruebas de imagen, histología y pruebas de función pancreática.