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Remote sensing image data of typical mining areas in the Loess Plateau from 1986 to 2018 were used to analyze the evolution of land use, explore the division of carbon sink functional areas, and propose carbon neutrality paths to provide a reference for the coal industry carbon peak, carbon-neutral action plan. Results show that (1) land use has changed significantly in the Pingshuo mining area over the past 30 years. Damaged land in industrial, opencast, stripping, and dumping areas comprises 4482.5 ha of cultivated land, 1648.13 ha of grassland, and 963.49 ha of forestland. (2) The carbon sink functional areas of the Pingshuo mining land is divided into invariant, enhancement, low carbon optimization, and carbon emission control areas. The proportion of carbon sinks in the invariant area is decreasing, whereas the proportion in enhancement, low carbon optimization, and carbon emission control areas is gradually increasing. (3) The carbon neutrality of the mining area must be reduced from the entire process of stripping–mining–transport–disposal–reclamation, and carbon emissions and carbon sink accounting must start from the life cycle of coal resources. Therefore, carbon neutrality in mining areas must follow the 5R principles of reduction, reuse, recycling, redevelopment, and restoration, and attention must be paid to the potential of carbon sinks in ecological protection and restoration projects in the future.

ABSTRACTSpectral unmixing based on sparse regression model has recently attracted the hyperspectral data processing community. The technology has two important characteristics. First, sparseness of the abundance matrix is induced because the number of materials in a mixed pixel is very small when compared with the signatures in spectral library. Second, constraints are applied to improve the reconstruction accuracy of the optimization problem. In this letter, a spectral and spatial constrained sparse unmixing (SSCSUn) method is proposed, in which the total variation (TV) regularization with a spatial weight factor is incorporated to exploit spatial information more effectively. Furthermore, several endmembers from the real image are used to form a new hybrid spectral library and are applied as spectral a priori constraints. Experimental results on simulated and real hyperspectral images demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Phototherapy is an important strategy to inhibit tumor growth and activate antitumor immunity. However, the effect of photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT) is restricted by limited tumor penetration depth and unsatisfactory potentiation of antitumor immunity. Here, a near‐infrared (NIR)‐driven nanomotor is constructed with a mesoporous silicon nanoparticle (MSN) as the core, end‐capped with Antheraea pernyisilk fibroin (ApSF) comprising arginine–glycine–aspartate (RGD) tripeptides. Upon NIR irradiation, the resulting ApSF‐coated MSNs (DIMs) loading with photosensitizers (ICG derivatives, IDs) and chemotherapeutic drugs (doxorubicin, Dox) can efficiently penetrate into the internal tumor tissues and achieve effective phototherapy. Combined with chemotherapy, a triple‐modal treatment (PTT, PDT, and chemotherapy) approach is developed to induce the immunogenic cell death of tumor cells and to accelerate the release of damage‐associated molecular patterns. In vivo results suggest that DIMs can promote the maturation of dendritic cells and surge the number of infiltrated immune cells. Meanwhile, DIMs can polarize macrophages from M2 to M1 phenotypes and reduce the percentages of immunosuppressive Tregs, which reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and activate systemic antitumor immunity. By achieving synergistic effects on the tumor inhibition and the antitumor immunity activation, DIMs show great promise as new nanoplatforms to treat metastatic breast cancer. Antheraea pernyisilk fibroin‐capped mesoporous silicon nanoparticles with multiresponsibility are facilely developed to deliver the payloads to specific organelles of tumor cells. These nanomotors can penetrate into the internal tumor tissues, self‐produce oxygen, achieve multimodal image‐guided mitochondrial phototherapy, and further exert synergistic effects on the inhibition of metastatic breast tumors and the potentiation of systematic antitumor immune responses, suggesting their potential application in image‐guided synergistic treatment of metastatic breast cancer.