Search

Aims: We present the first survey of plant communities of Istanbul, their classification and syntaxonomy with main environmental drivers that shape them. Study area: Anatolian (Asian) part of Istanbul, Turkey. Methods: We collected 442 vegetation relevés according to Braun-Blanquet method. Cluster analysis and ordination of the dataset were performed to assess particular vegetation patterns. Diagnostic species of each cluster were determined using the fidelity measure (phi-coefficient). Site conditions were presented by ecological indicator values. Results: The analysed dataset shows clear division into six classes. They represent typical weed plant community (Digitario sanguinalis-Eragrostietea minoris), annual (Sisymbrietea, Chenopodietea) and perennial ruderal vegetation (Artemisietea vulgaris, Epilobietea angustifolii), and higher successional stadia (Charabdido-Asphodeletea). Conclusions: Our survey of urban vegetation of Istanbul is the first attempt of urban vegetation classification in Turkey. We showed high diversity of vegetation due to various human impacts and Istanbul’s location on the crossroads of different phytogeographical regions. Taxonomic reference: Euro+Med (2006-). Syntaxonomic reference: Mucina et al. (2016). Abbreviations: NMDS = Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling Ordination.

Le déficit en dihydropyrimidine deshydrogénase (DPD) est la principale cause de toxicité sévère précoce aux fluoropyrimidines (FP). Le Groupe de pharmacologie clinique oncologique (GPCO)-Unicancer et le Réseau national de pharmacogénétique (RNPGx) ont initié deux enquêtes, l’une adressée aux cliniciens, l’autre aux biologistes, pour évaluer la pratique du dépistage du déficit en dihydropyrimidine deshydrogénase sur l’ensemble du territoire, mais également l’adhésion, les motivations et les freins au déploiement de ces tests. Ces enquêtes en ligne anonymisées ont été réalisées avec le soutien logistique de la Fédération francophone de cancérologie digestive (FFCD) et l’appui de nombreuses sociétés cliniques et biologiques. Elles ont été menées en 2016–2017 avant la constitution du groupe d’experts français INCa/HAS chargé de contribuer à l’élaboration du référentiel et des recommandations sur la recherche du déficit en dihydropyrimidine deshydrogénase publiées en décembre 2018. Au total, 554 questionnaires ont été analysés pour l’enquête « clinicien » et 35 pour l’enquête « biologiste ». L’enquête « clinicien » montre que l’absence de recommandations des sociétés savantes médicales et des autorités de santé, les délais de rendus des résultats et l’absence de prise en charge par l’assurance maladie sont les principaux arguments avancés pour justifier le recours limité au dépistage du déficit en dihydropyrimidine deshydrogénase. L’enjeu de ce travail était de fournir aux autorités de santé un état des lieux des pratiques du dépistage en dihydropyrimidine deshydrogénase sur lequel ils ont pu s’appuyer pour la rédaction du référentiel et des recommandations françaises visant à harmoniser et à améliorer la prise en charge et la sécurité des patients cancéreux traités par fluoropyrimidines.

A prototype sensor able to work at zero bias has been fabricated using high quality single crystal diamond and two Schottky junctions. The detector's current in the dark is 3.2±0.2×10-14 A, while the current measured under irradiation with 1.6 Gymin-1 of 6 and 15 MV x-ray photons is 7.5±0.2×10-10 A. The sensitivity is strongly dependent on the applied voltage whereas at zero bias we have measured 37±2 nCGy-1, independent of the beam quality. The sensitivity increases with a sub-linear trend up to 100V, as the sensor photocurrent dependence on voltage. Moreover, the device shows very fast response on the rise and fall transients, with the signal stability under irradiation better than 0.3%. The linearity with the dose rate is spread over three orders of magnitude from 1.3×10-3 Gymin-1 to 1.2 Gymin-1 as measured with Co-60 photons.

A stratified dataset of 2426 relevés of weed vegetation of arable fields of the Balkan Peninsula was analysed by cluster analysis. The major division in species composition was associated with the type of crop. This accords with the syntaxonomical and ecological pattern already detected for southeast Europe and is in conflict with the Central European classification that has appeared in recent years. Clusters resulting from numerical classification reproduced the majority of traditionally recognized phytosociological alliances (Oxalidion, Panico-Setarion and Eragrostion are associated with root crops, while Scleranthion, Caucalidion and Galeopsion with cereals). Galeopsion was grouped with some Caucalidion relevés, which is not surprising since both consist of weed communities from cereals. Vernal communities form a separate cluster and indicate a special community type, which has been treated in some classification systems as a phenological aspect.

The influence of water regime on the zonation of wetland communities, distribution patterns of plant species, ecological strategies and biodiversity, was studied in this work. Vegetation of the herbaceous wetland was sampled along a transect, in accordance with the standard central European method. Water level was also measured. The changes in plant species composition, plant functional types (ecological strategies, life forms) and diversity were studied. Classification of vegetation relevés enabled the definition of five grassland communities. The same pattern remained in DCA ordination also when the species matrix was replaced with a matrix of ecological strategies. Relevés were always segregated into distinct plant communities and distributed along the moisture gradient in the same way. Biodiversity is strongly negatively correlated with moisture–it is decreasing with decreasing ground level. Plant ecological strategy types (C-S-R) change significantly along the transect as well. In communities thriving on the driest sites (Triseto-Centaureetum), there are three times more C- than C-S-strategists, while in the wettest sites (Caricetum elatae) C-S-strategists predominate over C-strategists by almost two times. At the same time R-and C-R-strategists, as well as therophytes, which are present in drier sites almost disappear in the wettest sites. We show that the moisture gradient essentially influences the distribution pattern of plant communities, species diversity, and manifestation of certain ecological strategy types.

AbstractThis contribution deals with the saum (fringe) communities of the Trifolio-Geranieteain south and southeast Europe. The Trifolio-GeranieteaT. Müller 1961 communities in south and southeast Europe are classified into the order Origanetalia vulgarisT. Müller 1961. The following alliances have been established: Trifolion mediiT. Müller 1962, with suballiances Agrimonio- Trifolienion mediiKnapp 1976 and Digitalidi micranthae-Trifolienion mediiCarni 2004, Geranion sanguineiTx. inT. Müller 1962, with suballiances GeranienionTx. inT. Müller 1962 and Dictamno-Ferulagenionvan Gils et al.1975, and Lathyro laxiflori-Trifolion velenovskyi(Carni et al.2000) Carni stat. nov. The results are presented in diagrams and in synoptic tables.

The natural relative abundance of iron-58 has been determined by neutron activation analysis using Fe2O3enriched in the isotope as comparator standard. The value obtained is 0.280±0.003%. This result, while confirming a recent work, differs significantly from that listed by most commonly used reference tabulations.

Akira Kurosawa's 1952 film about a man with a terminal gastric cancer introduces a discussion of hope and faith in the oncology patient. A psychodynamic relationship between hope and faith is explored, using Lawrence LeShan's research in cancer psychotherapy and Erik Erikson's lifespan developmental theory. LeShan describes a cancer personality characterized by hopeless despair, while Erikson formulates a psychogenetic framework for the development of hope and despair. Hope and faith are linked through the individual's earliest strivings toward basic trust in the world and his or her own self-efficacy. Accordingly, cancer psychotherapy may aim at restoring adult patients' faith in life and inner creative resources.