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NEARLY 70 years have passed since the world was introduced to DNA, the molecule that encodes heredity. And it is 35 years since the first experiment with a genetically engineered [...]

Introduction: Fremanezumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide, is indicated for preventive treatment of migraine in adults. Real-world evidence assessing the effect of fremanezumab on migraine-related medication use, health care resource utilization (HCRU), and costs in patient populations with comorbidities, acute medication overuse (AMO), and/or unsatisfactory prior migraine preventive response (UPMPR) is needed. Methods: Data for this US, retrospective claims analysis were obtained from the Merative®MarketScan®Commercial and supplemental databases. Eligible adults with migraine initiated fremanezumab between 1 September 2018 and 30 June 2019 (date of earliest fremanezumab claim is the index date), had ≥ 12 months of continuous enrollment prior to initiation (preindex period) and ≥ 6 months of data following initiation (postindex period; variable follow-up after 6 months), and had certain preindex migraine comorbidities (depression, anxiety, and cardiovascular disease), potential AMO, or UPMPR. Changes in migraine-related concomitant acute and preventive medication use, HCRU, and costs were assessed pre- versus postindex. Results: In total, 3193 patients met the eligibility criteria. From pre- to postindex, mean (SD) per patient per month (PPPM) number of migraine-related acute medication and preventive medication claims (excluding fremanezumab), respectively, decreased from 0.97 (0.90) to 0.86 (0.87) (P< 0.001) and 0.94 (0.74) to 0.81 (0.75) (P< 0.001). Migraine-related outpatient and neurologist office visits, emergency department visits, and other outpatient services PPPM decreased pre- versus postindex (P< 0.001 for all), resulting in a reduction in mean (SD) total health care costs PPPM from US$541 (US$858) to US$490 (US$974) (P= 0.003). Patients showed high adherence and persistence rates, with mean (SD) proportion of days covered of 0.71 (0.29), medication possession ratio of 0.74 (0.31), and persistence duration of 160.3 (33.2) days 6 months postindex. Conclusions: Patients with certain migraine comorbidities, potential AMO, and/or UPMPR in a real-world setting had reduced migraine-related medication use, HCRU, and costs following initiation of fremanezumab.

Breaking (Up) Bad: Watch-Outs for Brand Owners Faced with Ex-Licensee's Trademark Use A series of recent decisions have heightened the standard for obtaining preliminary injunc tive relief for trademark infringement. [...]

Alone in the forest, the baby dinosaur looks around her world. She sees green plants--ferns and cycads--and tall trees that have sharp leaves. Beyond the forest, the Acrocanthosaurus glimpses a […]

Migraine is a complex and often debilitating neurological disease that affects more than 1 billion people worldwide. It is characterized by moderate-to-intense, throbbing headache attacks that are worsened by activity and is associated with nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. Migraine, ranked the second leading cause of years lived with disability by the World Health Organization, can diminish patients’ quality of life and bring significant personal and economic burden. Furthermore, migraine patients with a history of acute medication overuse (AMO) or psychiatric comorbidities, such as depression or anxiety, may experience even greater impairment and burden, and their migraine may be more difficult-to-treat. Appropriate treatment of migraine is essential to reduce this burden and improve patient outcomes, especially for those with AMO or psychiatric comorbidities. There are several available preventive treatment options for migraine, though many of these are not migraine-specific and may have limited efficacy and/or poor tolerability. The calcitonin gene-related peptide pathway plays a key role in the pathophysiology of migraine, and monoclonal antibodies that target the calcitonin gene-related peptide pathway have been developed as specific preventive treatments for migraine. Four of these monoclonal antibodies have been approved for the preventive treatment of migraine after demonstrating favorable safety and efficacy profiles. These treatments offer substantial benefits for migraine patients, including those with AMO or common psychiatric comorbidities, by reducing monthly headache days and migraine days, days of acute medication use, and disability measures, as well as improving quality of life.

Résumé: Le projet archéologique multidisciplinaire Leptiminus vise l’étude de cette ville portuaire moyenne dans l’est de la Tunisie On trouvera ici le résumés des opérations de 1999: fouilles, surveys et analyse des résultats. Les fouilles ont mis à jours plusieurs fours et un atelier de céramique qui permettent de mieux comprendre la fabrication de la poterie destinée au marché local et celle destinée à l’exportation. Une fouille d’urgence à la limite sud est de la ville a précisé notre connaissance des cimetières situés dans cette section. La prospection a permis de déceler de nouveaux sites ruraux d’habitation et production agricole. Des études de la géologie, la flore et la faune éclairent l’histoire environnementale du site. Enfin la céramique, les matériaux de construction et les débris résultant du travail du métal détaillent l’image générale du site.

The present investigation compares early and late onset community dysthymia groups on insidious onset patterns, cognitive, coping, and symptom measures testing the assumption implicit in DSM-III-R that the two groups are qualitatively dissimilar. The results suggest that, regardless of age of onset, the groups did not differ except on some features of coping style. Homogeneity, not heterogeneity, was the predominant finding. The results call into question the DSM-III-R procedure for classifying dysthymia by age of onset, but also point to the need for additional research.

Defines the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA), added by the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985. Placement of duties of screening and stabilization upon hospitals that receive patients suffering from emergency medical conditions; Act's addressing of three general requirements concerning a hospital's obligations to attend to patients with emergency medical conditions.

The article reports on the services rendered by the psychologists to the military officers and officials and the effort of British Psychological Society to improve the awareness and to improve the support for the psychologists.

Presents information on dinosaurs such as Acrocanthosaurus.

Focuses on the risk offered for managed care organizations (MCO), particularly health maintenance organizations, as a result of the growing acceptance of enterprise liability by which traditional theories of hospital liability are being applied to such organizations. Features of enterprise liability; Court rulings which gave rise to enterprise liability.

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Psychologist and torture: More than a question of interrogation," by Mark Burton and Carolyn Kagan in the August 2007 issue.