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El análisis de biomarcadores bioquímicos de enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) en líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) se recomienda como parte del diagnóstico en los centros en los que está disponible. Ante la ausencia de valores universales validados, se recomienda la determinación de puntos de corte (PdC) específicos para cada centro y su población. El objetivo principal del proyecto CORCOBIA fue determinar los PdC de biomarcadores de EA en LCR para varios centros (Parc de Salut Mar de Barcelona y Hospital General de Granollers) que trabajan con el mismo laboratorio de referencia (Laboratori de Referència de Catalunya).

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo proporcionar normas y ajustes para edad, educación y género para el Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST), la Figura Compleja Modificada de Taylor (FCMT) y el Ruff-Light Trail Learning Test(RULIT) como parte del proyecto NEURONORMA-Plus.

Primary antiphospholipid syndrome is characterized by thrombosis and autoantibodies directed against phospholipids or associated proteins. The genetic etiology of PAPS remains unknown. We enrolled 21 patients with thromboembolic events associated to lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin and anti β2 glycoprotein1 autoantibodies. We performed whole exome sequencing. Data were compared to public databases and to a control cohort of 873 non-autoimmune patients. We performed whole exome sequencing and a systematic variant-based analysis in genes associated with thrombosis, in candidate genes previously associated with APS or inborn errors of immunity. Data were compared to public databases and to a control cohort of 873 non-autoimmune patients. Variants were identified following a state-of-the-art pipeline. Enrichment analysis was performed by comparing with the control cohort. We found an absence of significant HLA bias and genetic heterogeneity in these patients, including when testing combinations of rare variants in genes encoding for proteins involved in thrombosis and of variants in genes linked with inborn errors of immunity. These results provide evidence of genetic heterogeneity in PAPS, even in a homogenous series of triple positive patients. At the individual scale, a combination of variants may participate to the breakdown of B cell tolerance and to the vessel damage.

In Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) studies composed of the coupling of different simulations, the uncertainty in one stage may be propagated to the following stage and affect the accuracy of the prediction. In this paper, a framework for uncertainty quantification in the computational heat transfer by forced convection is applied to the two-step simulation of the mechanical design of a swirling jet flow generated by a rotating pipe (Simulation 1) impinging on a flat plate (Simulation 2). This is the first probabilistic uncertainty analysis on computational heat transfer by impinging jets in the literature. The conclusion drawn from the analysis of this frequent engineering application is that the simulated system does not exhibit a significant sensitivity to stochastic variations of model input parameters, over the tested uncertainty ranges. Additionally, a set of nonlinear regression models for the stochastic velocity and turbulent profiles for the pipe nozzle are created and tested, since impinging jets for heat transfer at Reynolds number of Re=23,000are very frequent in the literature, but stochastic inlet conditions have never been provided. Numerical results demonstrate a negligible difference in the predicted convective heat transfer with respect to the use of the profiles simulated via CFD. These suggested surrogate models can be directly embedded onto other engineering applications (e.g. arrays of jets, jet flows impinging on plates with different shapes, inlet piping in combustion, chemical mixing, etc.) in which a realistic swirling flow under uncertainty can be of interest.

ABSTRACTThis work reported news and more efficient parameters (time and temperature) in an artificial heat treatment in the (Mg2Si) series aluminium alloy, through which it is achieved an increase in its fundamental mechanical property (hardness) and a region of greater thermal stability. Two aluminium-Mg2Si alloys conforming to AA 6061/6063 were solutionised in the temperature range 475–625°C for periods of 30, 60 and 90 min. After water quenching, the alloys were artificially aged in the temperature range 160–215°C for 3, 6 and 8 h. Mechanical properties achieved peak values during ageing at solubilisation at 550°C for 1 h followed by ageing at 200°C for 3 h. The hardness value reached was 63 HRB. Microstructural analysis revealed a refinement of ASTM grain size No. from 7 to 8 after heat treatment.

El test Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test(FCSRT) es una prueba de uso extendido para evaluar la memoria episódica verbal, principalmente en el ámbito de la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Existe una versión española de la prueba con datos normativos proveniente del proyecto NEURONORMA.ES. Disponer de versiones alternativas equivalentes de las pruebas resulta útil para el seguimiento de los pacientes en la práctica clínica. El objetivo del presente estudio es ofrecer una versión alternativa a la original, denominada «B», estudiar su equivalencia con la versión original española (A) y el rendimiento en la misma de una muestra de sujetos para proporcionar datos de referencia.

Numerical modeling of turbulent impinging swirling jets involve complex flow physics that make their computation still very challenging. Thus, the literature on computational modeling of these nanofluid jets is really scarce, with most works on laminar impinging nanofluid jets or turbulent swirling/non-swirling air or water-only jets. In this paper a computational analysis of different configurations in the application of nanoparticles to submerged high-Reynolds turbulent jet flows for cooling purposes is developed. Six volume fractions have been investigated (and , which correspond to a Prandtl number of the nanofluid within the range ) along with two nozzle-to-plate distances (and 4) and several swirl numbers (, , , , and ). The jet regime is fixed at a Reynolds number . The computational study shows that the application of nanoparticles enhances forced convection for all the simulations carried out. However, the influence of swirl number and nozzle-to-plate distance is not that clear. Variations cause different effects on the performance. For instance, to vary the swirl intensity at large nozzle-to-plate separation has different effect than in short separations. Also, some ranges of variation of swirl may enhance heat transfer whilst others may worsen it.

La valoración de las actividades de la vida diaria (AVD) se considera esencial en la evaluación del deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL), la demencia y para su correcto diagnóstico diferencial. Existen muchas escalas para la valoración funcional de estas entidades, aunque no están exentas de inconvenientes. La escala de las AVD del Test Barcelona fue publicada en el 2019 con el objetivo de disponer de un instrumento retrogenético que pudiera sortear la mayoría de los problemas con los que se encuentran sus antecesoras.

Analizar los resultados oncológicos más relevantes en el tratamiento mediante prostatectomía radical (PR) en el cáncer de próstata de alto riesgo (CPAR) en un hospital oncológico.

In this work, CFD is used to show how the combined motion of heaving and pitching a 2D square cylinder located in the middle of the channel can be used to enhance mixing of two fluids flowing at a very low Reynolds number along a rectangular channel. Both type of motions are applied and enforced with a phase difference at the same time, but at difference frequencies and amplitudes, in order to see if mixing efficiency can be enhance. The characteristics of five governing input parameters and output results are examined. The input parameters consist of two frequencies, one for heaving and one for pitching, and two amplitudes, one for heaving and one for pitching. The output results are mixing efficiency, input power coefficient and mixing energy cost. The Optimal Space Filling algorithm is used to generate 60 different combinations of the input parameters which are used in the numerical studies. Different response surfaces of the output parameters are obtained. It is noted that certain combinations of the input parameters produce the highest mixing efficiency (around 55%), the lowest input power coefficient (around 260 units) or the lowest mixing energy cost (around 13 units) are found. On the other hand a multi-objective optimisation is also carried out in order to find the input parameters that give rise to the highest possible mixing efficiency with lowest possible input power coefficient. A set of optimal solutions leading to Pareto Front is obtained which shows the trade-off between the objectives. Three potential optimal candidates are proposed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interleukin (IL)-17A is a pro-inflammatory cytokine in mice and humans. It is recognized as a key factor for the protection of mice against various pathogens, but it also underlies pathogenic inflammatory responses in numerous mouse models. The inborn errors of IL-17A- and IL-17F-mediated immunity identified in humans in the last decade have revealed that IL-17A and IL-17F are key players in mucocutaneous immunity to Candida albicans,and, to a lesser extent, Staphylococcus aureus. By contrast, there is currently no genetic evidence for a causal link between excess of IL-17 and autoimmunity, autoinflammation, or allergy in humans. We discuss here the physiological and pathological roles of mouse and human IL-17A and IL-17F in host defense and excessive inflammation. We highlight recent advances in our understanding of the consequences of deficient or excessive IL-17 immunity at various mucocutaneous sites, including the oral cavity, skin, intestine, lungs, and vagina.

Determinar el comportamiento del PCA3 como un marcador de segunda línea en un programa de cribado oportunista de cáncer de próstata (CaP) y su comparación con la calculadora de riesgo 3 del cribado aleatorizado europeo en cáncer de próstata (ERSPC RC-3).

An active mixing mechanism, to mix two fluids containing different mass concentrations of a solute when they must flow at a very low Reynolds number ( R e = 1 ), is analysed in this paper by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The mixing mechanism is based on the pitching of a square cylinder located in the middle of a straight channel. To that end, several 2D numerical simulations have been conducted for different frequencies ( f ^ p ) and amplitudes ( A ) of the pitching motion but for a fixed cylinder-to-channel width ratio. The studied values of the parameters f ^ p and A have been chosen according to the Central Composite Design and Optimal Space Filling algorithms, which allow to study the desired range of variation of both parameters with just 18 design points optimally distributed on the f ^ p − A plane. After carrying out these simulations the response surface of the mixing efficiency is obtained, from which an optimal value of f ^ p and A can be found to get the maximum mixing efficiency (∼ 45%), being more than 15 times higher than when the mixing takes place with the cylinder steady. Despite of that, since in mixing, specially at micro scale, is also important the energy needs to run the microdevice, an average input power coefficient, which takes into account the power needs both to run the channel and to pitch the square cylinder, has been also calculated. In order to find the optimal working point of the mixing device, that is, the one giving the highest efficiency with the lowest input power requirements, a mixing energy cost (i.e. an input energy-efficiency ratio) has been also evaluated which shows that the highest efficiency configuration is not the one with the lowest cost, being, as we shall show, the former around 1.7 times more expensive than the latter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixing fluids is still nowadays a crucial and challenging aim in laminar, low Reynolds number microfluidic devices. In this article, a parametric study of the geometry of a micro-channel comprising a mixing unit is conducted to optimize the mixing process along the channel in order to have the highest mixing efficiency as possible at its exit. For a given 2D geometry studied previously by Fang et al. [1] consisting of a "T" type inlet channel and a mixing unit downstream in which there are two bars forming known and fixed angles α and β with respect the channel walls, we shall shown how, in terms of response surfaces, the values of α and β affect the efficiency of the resulting mixing at the outlet section of the channel as well as the pressure requirements to run the channel. These surfaces will be used to carry out an optimization process. After it, an optimal combination of the angles α and β has been found for which the mixing efficiency is as high as possible and the mean pressure at inlet sections is as minimum as possible. Other angle values have been also found after the optimization process giving priority to maximize the efficiency or to minimize the pressure drop. Besides of this, according with Chung and Shih (2007), a ratio between the efficiency and the pressure drop, named as mixing cost, has been also calculated and discussed for each configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los test cognitivos breves (TCB) pueden ayudar a detectar el deterioro cognitivo (DC) en el ámbito asistencial. Se han desarrollado y/o validado varios TCB en nuestro país, pero no existen recomendaciones específicas para su uso.

We propose the use of non-equally-spaced decoupling pulses for high-resolution selective addressing of nuclear spins by a quantum sensor. The analytical model of the basic operating principle is supplemented by detailed numerical studies that demonstrate the high degree of selectivity and the robustness against static and dynamic control-field errors of this scheme. We exemplify our protocol with a nitrogen-vacancy-center-based sensor to demonstrate that it enables the identification of individual nuclear spins that form part of a large spin ensemble. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo trata la formulación unificada de modelos lineales para la estática de piezas alargadas y, en concreto, la clase de modelos que incluyen desplazamientos generalizados adicionales a los necesarios para definir movimientos de sólido rígido de las secciones transversales. Estos modelos, denominados modelos hipervigapor los autores, se caracterizan por el acoplamiento entre variables estáticas y cinemáticas en las ecuaciones de equilibrio. En el artículo se introducen los pseudoesfuerzos, nuevas variables estáticas que representan la acción de los enlaces internos que controlan el cambio de forma de la sección transvesal. Asimismo, se desarrolla el procedimiento sistemático para evaluar la distribución de tensiones sobre las secciones transversales consistente con el modelo hiperviga, que aproxima la distribución de tensiones correspondiente a la solución elástica tridimensional. La sistemática de la formulación unificada y su potencia para la construcción de ecuaciones y para la valoración de la influencia de los distintos parámetros que intervienen en la respuesta quedan patentes mediante su aplicación a un problema que requiere la introducción de grados de libertad adicionales a los de sólido rígido: la flexión alabeada. Partiendo únicamente de la cinemática de la sección transversal expresada en función de los desplazamientos generalizados, mediante el procedimiento unificado propuesto, se obtienen las variables, los parámetros y las ecuaciones que determinan la respuesta, así como las expresiones de las tensiones en la sección consistentes con la formulación empleada.

Dans cet article, nous décrivons une modélisation d'un écoulement de couchage utilisé dans la technologie de fabrication de films minces céramiques utilisant la technique du “double couteau”. Les traitements analytique et numérique permettent de mettre en évidence des zones de recirculation et les profils de vitesse en différents points de l'écoulement.

This experimental study is about modelling slip flows during a tape-casting process. Experiments were conducted with a two-dimensional suspension of rigid spherical particles subjected to a shear in a channel. Our principal interest was the structural organization of temporary clusters when the surface concentration of the spheres or the ratio of channel width-to-particle diameter were varied.

Conocer la información necesaria para reproducir los resultados de la literatura en vigilancia activa (VA) en cáncer de próstata (CaP) en nuestro propio centro, de tal forma que dicha información sea objetiva y se le pueda dar al paciente de forma fehaciente. Contemplamos estudiar el porcentaje de pacientes candidatos a VA y que la escogen en nuestro ambiente, los datos de infraestadificación, infragradación y predicción de CaP insignificante, depurar el poder predictivo de distintas variables clínicas para mejorar nuestros criterios de selección y analizar los resultados de nuestros pacientes en VA.

Classical primary immunodeficiencies confer predisposition to multiple or recurrent infectious diseases. However, since the past years, a molecular explanation has been offered to severe idiopathic infections. Indeed, defects in several biologically related genes may confer a predisposition to infection with one specific pathogen in otherwise healthy individuals. These patients present a new kind of primary immunodeficiency with severe and/or recurrent infections caused by a single microorganism family, in contrast to other patients with “classic” primary immunodeficiency.

We propose a method to simulate a Dirac or Majorana equation evolving under particular potentials with the use of the corresponding free evolution, while the potential dynamics is encoded in a static transformation upon the initial state. We extend our results to interacting two-body systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We describe the dynamics of a qubit interacting with a bosonic mode coupled to a zero-temperature bath in the deep strong coupling (DSC) regime. We provide an analytical solution for this open system dynamics in the off-resonance case of the qubit-mode interaction. Collapses and revivals of parity chain populations and the oscillatory behavior of the mean photon number are predicted. At the same time, photon number wave packets, propagating back and forth along parity chains, become incoherently mixed. Finally, we investigate numerically the effect of detuning on the validity of the analytical solution.

relacionar la expresión inmunohistoquímica (IHQ) de la densidad microvascular (DMV) y de la anhidrasa carbónica IX (ACIX) con los tipos histológicos de carcinoma renal (CR) y con su progresión.

Abstract: We conducted two psychophysical experiments to investigate the relationship between processing mechanisms for exocentric distance and direction. In the first experiment, the task was to discriminate exocentric distances. In the second one, the task was to discriminate exocentric directions. The individual effects of distance and direction on each task were dissociated by analyzing their corresponding psychophysical functions. Under stereoscopicviewing conditions, distance judgments of exocentric intervals were not affected by exocentric direction. However, direction judgments were influenced by the distance between the pair of stimuli. Therefore, the mechanism processing exocentric direction is dependent on exocentric distance, but the mechanism processing exocentric distance does not require exocentric direction measures. As a result, we suggest that exocentric distance and direction are hierarchically processed, with distance preceding direction. Alternatively, and more probably, a necessary condition for processing the exocentric direction between two stimuli may be to know the location of each of them.

Copyright of Neurologia (Grupo ARS XXI de Comunicacion, S.A.) is the property of Grupo ARS XXI de Comunicacion, S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Neurologia (Grupo ARS XXI de Comunicacion, S.A.) is the property of Grupo ARS XXI de Comunicacion, S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Neurologia (Grupo ARS XXI de Comunicacion, S.A.) is the property of Grupo ARS XXI de Comunicacion, S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Neurologia (Grupo ARS XXI de Comunicacion, S.A.) is the property of Grupo ARS XXI de Comunicacion, S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Neurologia (Grupo ARS XXI de Comunicacion, S.A.) is the property of Grupo ARS XXI de Comunicacion, S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate whether in natural environment, using very large physical distances, there is a trend to overconstancy for distance estimates during development. One hundred and twenty-nine children aged 5 to 13 years old and twenty-one adults (in a control group), participated as observers. The observer's task was to bisect egocentric distances, ranging from 1.0 to 296.0 m, presented in a large open field. The analyses focused on two parameters, constant errors and variable errors, such as measuring accuracy and precision, respectively. A third analysis focused on the developmental pattern of shifts in constancy as a function of age and range of distances. Constant error analysis showed that there are two relevant parameters for accuracy, age, and range of distances. For short distances, there are three developmental stages: 5-7 years, when children have unstable responses, 7-11, underconstancy, and 13 to adulthood, when accuracy is reached. For large distances, there is a two-stage development: 5-11 years, with severe underconstancy, and beyond this age, with mild underconstancy. Variable errors analyses indicate that precision is noted for 7 year-old children, independently of the range of distances. The constancy analyses indicated that there is a shift from constancy (or slightly overconstancy) to underconstancy as a function of physical distance for all age groups. The age difference is noted in the magnitude of underconstancy that occurs in larger distances, where adults presented lower levels of underconstancy than children. The present data were interpreted as due to a developmental change in cognitive processing rather than to changes in visual space perception.

The aim of this study is twofold: on the one hand, to determine how visual space, as assessed by exocentric distance estimates, is related to physical space. On the other hand, to determine the structure of visual space as assessed by exocentric distance estimates. Visual space was measured in three environments: (a) points located in a 2-D frontoparallel plane, covering a range of distances of 20 cm; (b) stakes placed in a 3-D virtual space (range ˜ 330 mm); and (c) stakes in a 3-D outdoors open field (range = 45 m). Observers made matching judgments of distances between all possible pairs of stimuli, obtained from 16 stimuli (in a regular squared 4 × 4 matrix). Two parameters from Stevens' power law informed us about the distortion of visual space: its exponent and its coefficient of determination (R2). The results showed a ranking of the magnitude of the distortions found in each experimental environment, and also provided information about the efficacy of available visual cues of spatial layout. Furthermore, our data are in agreement with previous findings showing systematic perceptual errors, such as the further the stimuli, the larger the distortion of the area subtended by perceived distances between stimuli. Additionally, we measured the magnitude of distortion of visual space relative to physical space by a parameter of multidimensional scaling analyses, the RMSE. From these results, the magnitude of such distortions can be ranked, and the utility or efficacy of the available visual cues informing about the space layout can also be inferred.

Copyright of Neurologia (Grupo ARS XXI de Comunicacion, S.A.) is the property of Grupo ARS XXI de Comunicacion, S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Neurologia (Grupo ARS XXI de Comunicacion, S.A.) is the property of Grupo ARS XXI de Comunicacion, S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Raillietiella morenoisp. n., a new cephalobaenid pentastomid found in the lungs of Gallotia atlanticacollected in the Canary Islands, is described. The new species belongs to the sharp-tipped posterior-hook type. The annulus number, morphology, and dimensions of copulatory spicules and the dimensions of anterior and posterior hooks separate Raillietiellasp. n. from the other raillietiedid sharp-tipped posterior-hook species of small lizard parasites in Africa. The host character of endemic protected species of G. atlanticain Alegranza Island posed great difficulty in obtaining more parasite materials. However, more studies are required to state the variability of this species and its possible distribution in other species in the Canary Islands, as well as in other Gallotiaspp.Raillietiella morenoisp. n., a new cephalobaenid pentastomid found in the lungs of Gallotia atlanticacollected in the Canary Islands, is described. The new species belongs to the sharp-tipped posterior-hook type. The annulus number, morphology, and dimensions of copulatory spicules and the dimensions of anterior and posterior hooks separate Raillietiellasp. n. from the other raillietiedid sharp-tipped posterior-hook species of small lizard parasites in Africa. The host character of endemic protected species of G. atlanticain Alegranza Island posed great difficulty in obtaining more parasite materials. However, more studies are required to state the variability of this species and its possible distribution in other species in the Canary Islands, as well as in other Gallotiaspp.

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have indicated that neopterin is synthesized in vitro by human monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells upon stimulation with gamma interferon (IFN-?). Neopterin production under specific conditions in vitro has also been obtained upon stimulation with IFN-a and/or IFN-ß. However, it is unknown if any IFN-?-independent neopterin synthesis is possible in vivo. In the present study we investigated the serum neopterin concentrations in patients affected by the syndrome of Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD). Indeed, this syndrome is characterized by deeply impaired or absent IFN-? production or function due to severe mutations in molecules involved in IFN-?/interleukin-12 (IL-12)/IL-23-dependent pathway. Serum neopterin levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 27 patients with MSMD. We found that serum neopterin levels are elevated in the complete absence of IFN-? activity due either to a complete deficiency of its receptor or to deleterious mutations of IL-12 or its receptor. These data clearly indicate that, as reported from in vitro studies, other stimuli are able to induce neopterin synthesis in vivo. Consequently, neopterin cannot be used as means of diagnosis of MSMD due to IFN-?-, IL-12-, and IL-23-dependent pathway defects.

To evaluate the efficacy of a cognitive-motor program in patients with early Alzheimer disease (AD) who are treated with a cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI).

The sequences of the 18S small subunit ribosomal DNA of five species of cyclophyllidean cestodes from the families Davaineidae, Anoplocephalidae and Dilepididae were determined. A species of tetrabothridid was also sequenced. These 18S sequences were combined with other available eucestode sequences in GenBank. From the 1,838 sites in the alignment, 375 bp (20%) were excluded from the analysis due to alignment issues inferred by manual inspection. Phylogenetic trees were obtained by maximum parsimony, neighbour-joining distance and maximum likelihood methods. Analyses showed that Cyclophyllidea is monophyletic and separate from Tetrabothrius spp. Lyruterina nigropunctata, which is now included in the family Paruterinidae, is more closely related to davaineids of the genus Raillietina than Pseudidiogenes nana (Davaineidae). P. nana and Choanotaenia infundibulum (Dilepididae) derive from the Davaineidae (or Raillietininae). The two species of Taenia ( T. parva and T. pisiformis) formed a monophyletic sister group to the Davaineidae and Anoplocephalidae. The systematics of the Paruterinidae have been problematic and our results suggest a review of this family including other species with paruterine organ located in other families. The position of the Idiogeninae as a subfamily in the Davaineidae is also reviewed.