Search

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2009.05.014 Byline: Umberto Cugini (a), Gaetano Cascini (b), Maurizio Muzzupappa (c), Vincenzo Nigrelli (d) Keywords: Computer-Aided Innovation; Knowledge-Based Engineering; Optimization systems; Product Lifecycle Management Abstract: The paper presents a methodology aimed at the improvement of the product development cycle through the integration of Computer-Aided Innovation (CAI) with Optimization and PLM systems. The interoperability of these tools is obtained through the adoption of Optimization systems as a bridging element between CAI and PLM systems. This methodology was developed within the PROSIT project (http://www.kaemart.it/prosit). The paper describes the main issues related to the integration of these complementary instruments and the solutions proposed by the authors. More specifically, the main idea of the PROSIT project to link CAI and Optimization systems is the adoption of the latter tools not just to generate optimized solutions, but also as a design analysis tool, capable to outline critical aspects of a mechanical component in terms of conflicting design requirements or parameters. CAI systems are then applied to overcome the contradictory requirements. The second step, i.e. the integration between Optimization and PLM systems, has been obtained through the development of Knowledge-Based (KB) tools to support designer's activities. More in details, they provide means to analyze and extrapolate useful geometrical information from the results provided by the optimizer, as well as semi-automatic modelling features for some specific geometries. A detailed example related to the design of a plastic wheel for light moto-scooters clarifies the whole procedure. The paper integrates, extends and updates topics presented in Cugini et al., Barbieri et al. and Cascini et al. [U. Cugini, G. Cascini, M. Ugolotti, Enhancing interoperability in the design process -- the PROSIT approach, in: Proceedings of the 2nd IFIP Working Conference on Computer-Aided Innovation, Brighton (MI), USA, October 8-9, 2007, published on Trends in Computer-Aided Innovation, Springer, ISBN 978-0-387-75455-0, pp. 189-200; L. Barbieri, F. Bruno, M. Muzzupappa, U. Cugini, Design automation tools as a support for knowledge management in topology optimization, in: Proceedings of the ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE 2008), Brooklyn, New York, USA, August 3-6, 2008; L. Barbieri, F. Bruno, M. Muzzupappa, U. Cugini, Guidelines for an efficient integration of topological optimization tools in the product development process, in: Third International Conference on Design Computing and Cognition, Atlanta, USA, June 23-25, 2008; G. Cascini, P. Rissone, F. Rotini, From design optimization systems to geometrical contradictions, in: Proceedings of the 7th ETRIA TRIZ Future Conference, Frankfurt, Germany, November 6-8, 2007]. Author Affiliation: (a) Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Meccanica, Milano, Italy (b) Universita di Firenze, Dip. di Meccanica e Tecnlogie Ind.li, Florence, Italy (c) Universita della Calabria, Dip. di Meccanica, Cosenza, Italy (d) Universita di Palermo, Dip. di Meccanica, Palermo, Italy

ABSTRACTDesign space is a common abstraction used in the investigation of design cognition. Characteristic properties of design spaces and how they change are underexplored. Design spaces can vary with the design task and its constraints, which are assumed to result in differences in neurocognitive processes. We review general cognition, creative cognition and design neurocognition EEG studies. We analyzed the brain activity of 32 professional mechanical engineers and industrial designers while performing constrained and open design tasks. The neurophysiological activations during reading the task, earliest reaction, and open externalization stages of constrained and open design are compared based on EEG frequency band power. Significant differences between constrained and open design for the beta bands were found in the earliest reaction stage. Significant differences between constrained and open design for alpha 2 and the beta bands were found in the open externalization stage. We discuss the results and relate the higher brain activity and significant differences in open design to cognitive functions of interest to design cognition. We show that EEG brain activation is sensitive to the level of constraints in designing, in particular alpha 2 and beta bands can act as proxies of the change and expansion of design spaces.

Because of its size, high segmentation within the global market and challenges driving its development, the separation technology sector could benefit from a bio-inspired approach to innovation to create more efficient and sustainable solutions. The potential for bio-inspired innovation is still largely untapped and Biologically-Inspired Design (BID) methods and tools are still largely underutilised, especially within the industry. A new BID method, called Guild-Based (GB) BID, is proposed to create a database of a large set of biological solutions – identified by a function – where biological information is structured to be more effective and usable within the industrial environment. A database for the separation technology sector has been set up and populated with 118 relevant biological solutions responding to the main function ‘to separate’. The database has been utilised to generate several clusters of solutions depending on the level of detail of the formulated problem. In particular, these include broad design principles of separation, taxonomies of biological solutions for specific separation problems and novel design concepts for two specific separation technologies (a desalination technology and an antibacterial surface). Furthermore, because of a large dataset of biological solutions, the possibility of determining the frequency of occurrence of specific separation strategies in nature can trigger reflections on the impact of existing separation technologies and taking decisions on future related R&D paths. More tests need to be conducted in the industrial environment; however, the results achieved so far indicate that the method proposed can indeed be instrumental to generating innovative ideas of interest to the separation technology sector.

Envisioning the emergence of a new technological paradigm involves several issues, spanning from strategic assessments and managerial actions to design decisions and technology related choices. The present study focuses on this latter perspective, by proposing a model that estimates the success probability of innovative products as a function of design actions. This focus on the design decisions that underlie radical shifts is not conflicting, but complementary to the more traditional perspectives of forecasting that consider environmental variables or process management factors. The model is based on a database of past successful and unsuccessful innovations, which are used to build a logistic regression model, whose evidences can assist both designers and managers. The former get advice on how specific design choices affect product perception and innovation adoption, while the latter are supported in identifying the most promising projects. The model is illustrated through two cases of digital products.

In the decades, systematic innovation has been enriched of techniques that help people in continuous/disruptive product/service improvement. Products benefit from more tools than services, but even in those scientific papers and practitioner contributions are drawing a viable path. Authors gave their contribution in this field sharing an experience in logistics innovation: one interesting outcome was a method that brought personnel with average technical knowledge to solve problems with a relatively simple method derived by TRIZ and Axiomatic Design. One evidence was that people need few techniques to solve most of problems provided these were well stated, so that the work left open the following issue: “what important to invest in? Problem solving tools or problem formulation ones?”

In the past decades, several scientists endeavored to study and develop biomimetic solutions both for industrial and scientific purposes; nevertheless, only recently, systematic investigations of the bio-inspired design (BID) approach emerged. Even though several BID causal models appeared in engineering design literature during the last decade, none of them has still been adopted as a basis for the development of further design tools and methods. This paper aims at defining a common ontological basis for the functional-causal models by integrating the existing BID models to gain from the synergic effect of their hybridization. The thorough analysis proposed here shows the complementarity of the holistic perspective of the SAPPhIRE representation with the detailed description of system internal structure of the DANE modeling approach; moreover, the ontology of the two models do not conflict with each other and, as such, can be used as a reference to build an integrated model.

An emerging thread of research is represented by the attempt of quantitatively assessing creativity, its dimensions, and how it influences the design process. The purpose of the task is to compare design options, thus allowing to select the most innovative and supposedly profitable alternative. The endeavor of previous works has consisted in the assessment of creativity concerning designers, methodologies, concepts, and products. As the scope of engineering design is expanding so to include not traditional aspects of the product development process, the paper proposes metrics tailored to evaluate the creativity of services. Such metrics are built as a result of the extension and adaptation of previously formulated criteria, including the evaluation of novelty and usefulness. A sample of successful innovative services is considered, giving rise to a considerable variability of creativity scores. The outcomes may represent a starting point for a wider discussion about which dimensions of creativity majorly impact the success of products and services in the marketplace.

In the paper an operative algorithm is described that guides decision makers in selecting the best supply chain integration strategy to follow when problems occur. The aim of the algorithm, inspired by the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving, and specifically by the body of knowledge of its recent evolution (OTSM-TRIZ) is to address managerial problems following a structured reasoning approach: a five steps procedure has been formulated to systematically structure the problem context, generate solutions and assess the potential effects of each solution. A case study has been developed, to test the algorithm effectiveness and usability, in collaboration with the Chilean company ARAUCO S.A., one of the major forestry companies in the world. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the algorithm to support decision makers in correctly implementing the identified problem solutions within the company development process and organizational structure.