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Objective:To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and clinical implication of betrixaban for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with acute medical illness. Data Sources:A search for clinical trials was performed from January 2006 to January 2017 in English language using Clinicaltrials.govand PubMed/MEDLINE. The following search terms were used: betrixaban, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, and drug safety. Study Selection:The following limits were used to access the clinical trials: controlled clinical trial, randomized clinical trial, clinical trial, clinical trial phase II, and clinical trial phase III. The search was narrowed to include only humans. Data Extraction:The search criteria resulted in 6 clinical trials assessing the safety and efficacy of betrixaban. Additionally, references from publications assessing the safety and efficacy of betrixaban in atrial fibrillation, treatment and prevention of VTE, and extended duration VTE prophylaxis were assessed. Data Synthesis:Prior to 2017, no anticoagulant therapy had been approved for extended VTE prophylaxis in acutely ill medical patients. Betrixaban is the first direct oral anticoagulant approved for VTE prophylaxis in adult, acutely ill patients at risk for thromboembolisms. Based on the APEX trial, betrixaban 80 mg administered daily for 35 to 42 days was compared to enoxaparin administered daily for 6 to 14 days. In 7441 patients, fewer VTEs were seen in the betrixaban compared to enoxaparin with no significant difference in adverse reactions. Conclusion:Based on clinical trials, betrixaban appears to be safe and effective in preventing VTE in acutely ill patients who are at risk of developing VTE.

Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4(LNMO) provides a high working potential as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. Yet there is a phase transition from cubic to tetragonal structure in LNMO during the ~3V charge/discharge region. To suppress the large volume change and capacity fade inherent with bulk-sized LNMO particles when discharged to below 3.0V, one-dimensional nano-structured LNMO was prepared by an electrospinning method and a subsequent heat treatment. The well-separated nanofiber precursors combat the growth and aggregation of LNMO particles during the heating procedure and lead to improved capacity, better cycling stability, and improved rate capability of the final LMNO nanofibers. The as-prepared LMNO nanofibers have a diameter as thin as 50–100nm, which is the thinnest of this kind of complex compounds that contain multi-transition metal elements produced through the electrospinning method. In coin cell tests of this material at a current density of 27mAg−1, the initial discharge capacity was 130mAhg−1over a voltage range of 3.5–4.8V and 300mAhg−1over a voltage range of 2.0–4.8V.

Understanding and controlling the sulfur reduction species (Li2Sx, 1 ≤ x≤ 8) under realistic battery conditions are essential for the development of advanced practical Li–S cells that can reach their full theoretical capacity. However, it has been a great challenge to probe the sulfur reduction intermediates and products because of the lack of methods. This work employed various ex situ and in situ methods to study the mechanism of the Li–S redox reactions and the properties of Li2Sxand Li2S. Synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction analysis used to characterize dry powder deposits from lithium polysulfide solution suggests that the new crystallite phase may be lithium polysulfides. The formation of Li2S crystallites with a polyhedral structure was observed in cells with both the conventional (LiTFSI) electrolyte and polysulfide-based electrolyte. In addition, an in situ transmission electron microscopy experiment observed that the lithium diffusion to sulfur during discharge preferentially occurred at the sulfur surface and formed a solid Li2S crust. This may be the reason for the capacity fade in Li–S cells (as also suggested by EIS experiment in Supporting Information). The results can be a guide for future studies and control of the sulfur species and meanwhile a baseline for approaching the theoretical capacity of the Li–S battery.

Shaped catalyst is much more practical than powder catalyst when the material is intended to technological applications. Nevertheless, shaping a reactive powder catalyst is not evident, loss in reactivity occurring by e.g. decreasing specific surface area. Addressing such problem has been our objective. The present paper reports methods and results about the shaping of a lab-made cobalt supported clay catalyst over a stainless steel plate (SSP) taken as substrate. The deposition method chosen is electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Clay has been chosen owing to its abundance and greenness. Herein, we report that it is feasible to make a Co-Clay-SSP shaped catalyst by EPD in a two-step process. Typically, the supported Co-Clay has first to be prepared by wet impregnation and then the as-obtained powder is deposited over the substrate by EPD. Such shaped catalyst is intended to be used in NaBH4 hydrolysis, a well known route for on-demand release of hydrogen.

Abstract: Cobalt is commonly admitted as being a promising catalyst in accelerating NaBH4 hydrolysis, being as reactive as noble metals and much more cost-effective. This is the topic of the present paper. Herein, we survey (i) the NaBH4-devoted literature while especially focusing on the Co catalysts and (ii) our work on the same topic. Finally, we report (iii) reactivity results of newly developed Co-based catalysts. From both surveys, it mainly stands out that Co has been investigated as catalysts in various forms: namely, as chlorides, reduced nanoparticles (metal Co, Co boride, Co-B alloy), supported over supports and shaped. In doing so the reactivity can be easily varied achieving H2 generation rates from few to >1000 L(H2)/min·g (metal). Nevertheless, our work can be distinguished from the NaBH4 literature. Indeed, we are working on strategies that focus on making alternative Co-based catalysts. One of these strategies is illustrated here as we report new reactivity data of Co-based bimetallic supported catalysts. For example, we show that 20 wt% Co90Y10/γAl2O3-20 wt% Co95Hf5/γAl2O3 > 20 wt% Co99Zr1/γAl2O3 > 20 wt% Co/γAl2O3, the best catalysts showing HGRs of about 245 mL(H2)/min or 123 L(H2)/min·g (metals).

Shaped catalyst is much more practical than powder catalyst when the material is intended to technological applications. Nevertheless, shaping a reactive powder catalyst is not evident, loss in reactivity occurring by e.g. decreasing specific surface area. Addressing such problem has been our objective. The present paper reports methods and results about the shaping of a lab-made cobalt supported clay catalyst over a stainless steel plate (SSP) taken as substrate. The deposition method chosen is electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Clay has been chosen owing to its abundance and greenness. Herein, we report that it is feasible to make a Co-Clay-SSP shaped catalyst by EPD in a two-step process. Typically, the supported Co-Clay has first to be prepared by wet impregnation and then the as-obtained powder is deposited over the substrate by EPD. Such shaped catalyst is intended to be used in NaBH4 hydrolysis, a well known route for on-demand release of hydrogen.