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Raman distributed temperature sensing (RDTS) systems monitor temperature variation regions (TVRs) that are less than the shortest fiber length required to accurately measure the temperature, and using conventional temperature demodulation methods will result in inaccurate temperature measurements. The most cost-effective solution is to construct the relation curve between the temperature and the characteristics of the temperature rise curve for different TVR lengths, but this increases the workload of temperature calibration, and the unstable linearity in the relation curves constructed under the measured TVR lengths will bring errors to the temperature demodulation. To solve this problem, this article proposes to use the Raman intensity of each sampling point in the temperature rise curve to construct a temperature rise curve with a spatial resolution of the length and use the maximum intensity of the reconstructed temperature rise curve to calibrate with the temperature at one time to realize the temperature sensing of the TVR with a length of centimeter scale. The experimental results well demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately realize the temperature sensing of TVR with a length of 30 cm with a temperature error of ±0.73 °C. The proposed method allows accurate monitoring of anomalous temperatures of TVRs of arbitrary length, such as fires, through a high spatial resolution determined by the sampling spacing without changing the internal structure of a conventional RDTS system.

A novel and cost-effective method of quantitative vibration demodulation with high spatial resolution based on a direct detection distributed vibration sensor (DVS) is proposed. It is mainly done by connecting dual radio frequency lines (RFLs) with a length difference smaller than the sampling interval of the data acquisition card (DAQ) to the output of the photodetector in the DVS system, and two interference signals with different initial phases and the same vibration signal can be acquired. The experimental results show that the phase demodulation of two different vibrations with a spatial resolution of 1 m can be achieved using dual RFLs with a length difference of 10 cm. The proposed method indirectly increases the sampling rate of the DAQ and shifts the spatial resolution determined by the larger bottom width of pulsed light to that determined by the smaller sampling spacing of the DAQ in two adjacent vibrations. And it overcomes the disadvantage of deterioration of spatial resolution caused by two vibration interference signals that must be selected from two adjacent sampling points of DAQ and expands the prospect of direct detection DVS systems for infrastructure security monitoring.

A novel measurement scheme is proposed, which is capable of detecting temperature variations in sensing fibers based on Raman scattering with centimeter level spatial resolution. The problem of inaccuracy in temperature determination when the length of temperature variation region (TVR) is less than the minimum required length of the test fiber is overcome by a procedure including determining the TVR length first, calculating the area value from the measured temperature rise curve second, and obtaining practical temperature change at small-region TVR from the precalibrated relation between the temperature and the area value at different TVR lengths finally. Theoretical analysis and experimental measurement are presented, and the influence of the uncertainty of TVR length on the detectable minimum temperature variation is also discussed. As an example, the experimental result shows that temperature variation of 60 °C can be measured with an accuracy of ±3 °C when the TVR length is as low as 16 cm. The proposed scheme can greatly increase the spatial resolution of the Raman distributed temperature sensing system and enhance its applications in various fields.

“Public diplomacy” in Taiwan is led by the Taiwan authorities and joined by multiple actors. Due to the Taiwan authorities’ limited international engagement, they seek assistance from think tanks in expanding “public diplomacy”, as a complement to their “diplomatic” efforts or as a substitute when their intervention is deemed inappropriate. In this case, think tanks assume an active “diplomatic role”. Their main functions are to provide policy advice and decision-making counsel to the Taiwan authorities; cooperate with the Taiwan authorities in “Track II diplomacy”; disseminate Taiwan’s values and build a network of cooperative relations. Their fundamental purpose is to enhance Taiwan’s international influence through exchanges and dialogues, to tilt the international public opinion towards Taiwan, and ultimately to build a network of “diplomatic” relations.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is very common in sexually active women, but cervical cancer only develops in a small fraction of HPV-infected women, suggesting that unknown intrinsic factors associated with the unique genetic/genomic background of the high-risk population play a critical role in cervical carcinogenesis. Although our previous studies have identified the hyperactivated YAP1oncogene as a critical contributor to cervical cancer, the molecular mechanism by which YAP1 drives cervical cancer is unknown. In the present study, we found that although the hyperactivated YAP1 caused a malignant transformation of immortalized cervical epithelial cells, it induced cellular senescence in cultures of primary human cervical epithelial cells (HCvECs). However, the hyperactivated YAP1 induced malignant transformation of HCvECs in the presence of high-risk HPV E6/E7 proteins, suggesting that the hyperactivated YAP1 synergizes with HPV to initiate cervical cancer development. Our mechanistic studies demonstrate that YAP1, via up-regulating LATS2, formed a YAP1-LATS2 negative feedback loop in cervical epithelial cells to maintain homeostasis of cervical tissue. Intriguingly, we found that high-risk HPV targets LATS2 to disrupt the feedback loop leading to the malignant transformation of cervical epithelial cells. Finally, we report that mitomycin C, an FDA-approved drug that could upregulate LATS2 and drive cellular senescence in vitro and in vivo, induced a regression of cervical cancer in a pre-clinial animal model. Thus, high-risk HPV targeting the YAP1-LATS2 feedback loop represents a new mechanism of cervical cancer development.

•The detection rate of L. monocytogenesin four types of poultry meat was 17.37%.•The contamination rate of chicken meat is higher.•Different storage conditions have an impact on the contamination rate in chicken.•No differences across retail locations and packaging methods for all poultry types.•The resistance rate and proportion of strains continues to increasein.

Mantispidae have developed multidimensional specializations of predation that are leveraged by trade-offs involving attack properties, which is revealed by interdisciplinary analyses of phylogeny, morphometrics, and mechanical modeling. The lineage diversification was stimulated by its raptorial foreleg evolution, and was influenced by the ecosystem of corresponding periods, involving biotic and physical factors.

To investigate the contamination status, serotype distribution, and drug resistance of Salmonellain poultry sold in Jiading District, Shanghai. Four types of raw poultry meats (chickens, ducks, geese, and pigeons) have been sampled from commercial markets, and potential Salmonellacontamination has also been isolated and identified via serotype analysis. Furthermore, resistance of isolated Salmonellatoward 14 commonly used antibiotics has also been conducted. Ninety-two Salmonellastrains were isolated from 236 commercial poultry samples. The detection rates of Salmonellain pigeon, goose, duck, and chicken were 28.89, 44.44, 39.34, and 38.30%, respectively. The detection rate of Salmonellaexhibits considerable variation across different years. The serotype composition of Salmonellain poultry demonstrates annual variability, undergoing significant changes from year to year. The majority serotypes of Salmonellahave been revealed as S.Typhimurium, S.Enteritidis, and S.Agona. Relatively higher drug resistance was discovered with nalidixic acid, tetracycline, ampicillin and chloramphenicol, with drug resistance rate as 58.70, 53.25, 44.57, and 38.04%, respectively. Low drug resistance was revealed with cefotaxime, and completely sensitive to imipenem. Significant difference in drug resistance was noted in the Salmonellaisolated from meats. Different serotypes of Salmonellastrains have also revealed as difference in drug resistance. A total of 15.22% of Salmonellastrains were nonresistant to any tested drugs. Multidrug-resistant strains accounted for 36.96% of isolated strains. The highest number of resistant antibiotics can reach 12 kinds of different antibiotics, Salmonellaresistance is exhibiting a consistent upward trend overall. AMP-TET or CHL-CFZ drug resistance pattern suggested that the strain was multidrug resistant. The contamination of Salmonellain raw poultry meat samples in Jiading District, Shanghai is serious, and the drug resistance is increasing. The measures taken for epidemic prevention and control have a certain impact on the contamination of Salmonellain poultry meat. Therefore, monitoring and control should be strengthened.

In this paper, ABAQUS finite element analysis software was used to do the following research of the steel tube filled with steel-reinforced concrete composite column. On the basis of past research, simulate axial compression under normal temperature and after the high temperature. And derivate the theoretical formula of the axial compressive bearing capacity under normal temperature and after high temperature based on the general theory. The result shows that the simulation value and the calculate value are in good agreement with each other.