Search

The article discusses a study which assessed the frequency of nose and tail injuries in cattle and water buffalo at livestock markets in Bangladesh. Different categorical explanatory variables were compared to determine the frequency of nose piercing, lesions and lacerations at the lateral aspect of the animals' nostrils, septum hole and ulcers. The study concluded that ulcerations, lacerations and extended injuries were the main problems at the region of nose piercing.

Thep-plane scattering and admittance matrices of SAW transducers consisting ofn equal sections modeled through the hybrid equivalent circuit are explicitly calculated. The results are specialized to the in-line and crossed-field models, and the technique is developed for unequal section transducers.

In order to understand the structure and properties of silicate species in aqueous media and also in various silicate materials with diverse conformations and properties, several silicate clusters viz; monomer, dimer, and trimers (linear and cyclic) have been studied theoretically by DFT-BLYP computational technique. The structural data and IR spectra were computed in details and are reported in this paper. Further, this work was extended to study the nanostructures of C-S-H gel which is a very important component of cement paste. The basic structural unit of the nanostructure of the C-S-H phase has been identified by comparing the computed structural and IR data with the experimental data.

Small-scale duck production represents an important component of sustainable livelihood strategies for poor rural communities in Bangladesh. However, high mortality rates reduce the contribution that this system makes to the well-being of these communities. A descriptive study was conducted on 14 households with ducklings (1 to 5 batches) on Hatia Island, Bangladesh, between October 2002 and September 2003. Each was assigned ducklings to rear for a period of 8 wk. The overall objective of the study was to identify factors that limit bird health under a model program. The overall mortality rate of ducks was 26.2% (26.7% in batch 1, 34.0% in batch 2, 29.2% in batch 3, 7.8% in batch 4, and 5.0% in batch 5). Three logistic regression models were performed on the mortality of ducks from the first batch in all 14 households for selected factors [model 1 before the duck plague vaccination (DPV), model 2 after at least the first DPV, and model 3 after 2 DPV]. All 3 models demonstrated that the odds of duck mortality were 1.6 to 2.7 times greater in ducks that had no access to the standard number of lamps to maintain the necessary temperature during the brooding period (P < 0.004). The odds of duck mortality were 1.5 times higher for ducks that received the DPV between 31 and 45 d than for those that received the DPV between 21 and 30 d (P < 0.004; model 2). The odds of duck mortality were also 1.8 times higher for ducks that received the second dose of DPV between 49 and 57 d of age than for those that were vaccinated between 45 and 48 d of age (P < 0.002; model 3). The average BW gain was better for ducks from the second to fifth batch (589.0 to 633.5 g) than for ducks from the first batch (393.02 g; P < 0.001). We conclude that a successful stress management strategy during the first week and proper timing of the DPV could reduce the duck mortality rate and increase the productivity of household ducks on Hatia Island.