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Data for on-demand pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are scarce. We implemented a cohort study to assess its efficacy, safety, and effect on sexual behaviour.

Cough is a major lower airway defense mechanism that can be triggered by exercise in asthma patients. Studies on cough reflex in experimental animal models revealed a decrease of cough reflex sensitivity during exercise in healthy animals, but a lack of desensitization in ovalbumin-sensitized rabbits. The aim of our study is to evaluate the impact of inhaled corticosteroids on cough reflex during exercise in an animal model of eosinophilic airway inflammation.

La toux est un mécanisme de défense essentiel à la protection des voies aériennes inférieures, pouvant être déclenchée par l’exercice chez les patients asthmatiques. Les études sur le réflexe de toux dans des modèles animaux expérimentaux ont révélé une diminution de la sensibilité de ce réflexe pendant l’exercice chez des animaux sains, mais une absence de désensibilisation chez des lapins sensibilisés à l’ovalbumine. Le but de notre étude était d’évaluer l’impact des corticostéroïdes inhalés sur le réflexe de toux à l’exercice dans un modèle animal d’inflammation à éosinophiles.

This paper presents an application of the transmission-line theory to determine the coupling of disturbing waves on coaxial or multiwire shielded cables. First the external problem is analyzed in the case of a line parallel to the ground and examples are given for an illumination either by the field radiated by a lightning stroke or due to a nuclear electromagnetic pulse. The influence of geometrical or electrical parameters such as the cable length, the angle of illumination and the ground conductivity are examined. Penetration of energy into the cable is studied for a coaxial cable. Then some experimental results on multi-wire shielded lines are presented in order to highlight the various mechanisms which can cause a differential voltage between each pair of the inner lines. Lastly, application of a simple numerical model shows the relative influence of dissymmetries either in the structure of the cable or in the load impedances connected at both ends.

Previous theoretical work on the propagation of electromagnetic waves along a thin wire parallel to the air-ground interface is applied to determine the current propagating along the line when a moderate conducting earth is assumed. We only consider the discrete modes due to residue contributions of the modal equation. The results show the limit of validity of the quasi-TEM approximation and that the fast-wave mode excited by a delta-function voltage generator at the centre of an antenna above a moderate conducting earth cannot be a priori neglected.