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Byline: J. Sharma, P. Dutta, S. Khan, M. Soni, D. Dey, J. Mahanta Background: The emergence of antimalarial drug resistance malaria parasite is widespread in North eastern region of India. [...]

AbstractThe market for green bonds, and environmentally aligned investment solutions, is increasing. As of 2022, the market of green bonds exceeded USD 2 trillion in issuance, with India, for example, having issued its first-ever sovereign green bonds totally R80bn (c.USD1bn) in January 2023. This paper lays the foundation for future papers and summarises the initial stages of our analysis, where we try to replicate the S&P Green Bond Index (i.e. this is a time series problem) over a period using non-traditional techniques. The models we use include neural networks such as CNNs, LSTMs and GRUs. We extend our analysis and use an open-source decision tree model called XGBoost. For the purposes of this paper, we use 1 day’s prior index information to predict today’s value and repeat this over a period of time. We ignore for example stationarity considerations and extending the input window/output horizon in our analysis, as these will be discussed in future papers. The paper explains the methodology used in our analysis, gives details of general underlying background information to the architecture models (CNNs, LSTMs, GRUs and XGBoost), as well as background to regularisation techniques specifically L2 regularisation, loss curves and hyperparameter optimisation, in particular, the open-source library Optuna.

Electrochemical milling (EC milling) avoids complex electrode design which is often a burden in sinking ECM. In this process material is removed by a simple geometric tool following a predefined path in a layer-by-layer fashion. High strength temperature resistance (HSTR) material like Ti6Al4V is extensively used in different field starting from the defense to bio-medical industry. Study of comparative effects of different electrolytes on various performance characteristics on titanium alloy, is the soul of this paper. Commencement of making simple shape grooves to complex shape i.e ‘L’ shaped feature was machined by means of electrochemical milling process with layer by layer fashion. In each layer, the tool was controlled to move along a predefined path with a multi downward step. ‘L’ shaped features were machined on Ti6Al4V using three different electrolytes by varying feed rates and frequency followed by the corresponding effects on various performance characteristics were studied. It was observed that NaCl(0.5M)+NaNO3(0.5M) mixed electrolyte gave better result compare to the other two electrolyte as far as accuracy and surface finish of the features were concerned. It was also observed that performance characteristics other than depth and surface finish was improved with increasing feed rate and frequency up to a certain limit and after that short circuit was occurred. After analysing all the graphs and figures, it was concluded that to achieve better accuracy and surface finish, type of electrolytes, feed rate and frequency are the major important factors of EC milling.

AbstractClimate change is at the forefront of discussions for many companies. Climate change-related disclosures and reporting are important tools and allow stakeholders to understand climate-related risks a company is facing and help various stakeholders to take informed decisions.The landscape for climate change-related reporting requirements is ever evolving, with a trend from voluntary to mandatory, with many global disclosure standards and requirements influencing local requirements and other related standards.This paper explores these ideas further, giving a general background to disclosure requirements, discusses greenwashing, details disclosure organisations including TCFD and the ISSB, and provides details on a country level including green taxonomies.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent a recurrent health problem especially for women. More than 50 of women will suffer from a UTI at least once in their lifetime. Cranberries have long been used for their beneficial effects in preventing symptomatic UTIs in several published studies. However, cranberry products used in these clinical studies do not indicate the amount of active ingredients delivered that help to prevent UTIs. Therefore, a dose-dependent study was designed to understand the impact and safety profile of a standardized cranberry product (Proanthocyanidins Standardized Whole Cranberry Powder,PS-WCP) on reducing the recurrences of symptomatic UTI in culture-positive subjects. A 90- day randomized clinical trial including an untreated control group with a total of 60 female subjects between 18-40 years of age was conducted. Study subjects were randomly selected and assigned to three groups including an untreated control group (n16), a low dose (500 mg daily, n21) and a high dose (1000 mg daily, n23) treatment group. The safety of PSWCP was assessed by evaluation of biochemical and hematological parameters on days 10, 30, 60 and 90 during the study, comparing the values with those at the baseline. Occurrence of UTI at baseline and during the follow-up period was characterized by the presence of symptoms and Escherichia coli in the culture of urine samples. The statistical analysis used was ANOVA. At the end of the 90-day treatment period, no significant changes were observed in the hematological and serum biochemical parameters. At the end of the study, change in the presence of E. coli in the untreated control group was not significant (p0.7234), whereas, there was significant reduction (p<0.05) in the subjects positive for E. coli in both the high dose and low dose treatment groups, compared to baseline evaluation. Symptomatic relief was also reported in the low and high dose treatment groups, while none was reported by subjects in the untreated control group. In conclusion, PS-WCP was effective in safely reducing the number of E. coli positive subjects at both the 500 mg and 1000 mg dose levels and in ameliorating the symptoms of UTI in these subjects. Therefore, a daily dose of 500 mg or 1000 mg of PS-WCP may be considered as an adjunct to antibiotic prophylactic therapy against recurrent UTIs.

Information technology (IT) is playing an increasingly important role in both business and individuals’ private lives. It is also consuming ever greater amounts of energy; therefore, it is a significant source of CO² emissions. Thus, environmental and energy conservation issues have gained attention in recent years. The reality of rising energy costs and their impact on international affairs coupled with the increased concern over the global warming climate crisis and other environmental issues have shifted the social and economic consciousness of modern society. This paper discusses different aspects of green computing and its impact in India.

Photon attenuation is one of the primary causes of artifacts in cardiac single photon emission tomography (SPET). Several attenuation correction algorithms have been proposed. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of using the ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM) reconstruction algorithm and Chang's non-uniform attenuation correction method on quantitative cardiac SPET. We performed SPET scans of an anthropomorphic phantom simulating normal and abnormal myocardial studies. Attenuation maps of the phantom were obtained from computed tomographic images. The SPET projection data were corrected for attenuation using OSEM reconstruction, as well as Chang's method. For each defect scan and attenuation correction method, we calculated three quantitative parameters: average radial maximum (ARM) ratio of the defect-to-normal area, maximum defect contrast (MDC) and defect volume, using automated three-dimensional quantitation. The differences between the two methods were less than 4 for defect-to-normal ARM ratio, 19 for MDC and 13 for defect volume. These differences are within the range of estimated statistical variation of SPET. The calculation times of the two methods were comparable. For all SPET studies, OSEM attenuation correction gave a more correct activity distribution, with respect to both the homogeneity of the radiotracer and the shape of the cardiac insert. The difference in uniformity between OSEM and Chang's method was quantified by segmental analysis and found to be less than 8 for the normal study. In conclusion, OSEM and Chang's attenuation correction are quantitatively equivalent, with comparable calculation times. OSEM reconstruction gives a more correct activity distribution and is therefore preferred.

The influence of the volume restriction effect on phase separation in colloidal dispersions consisting of a nonadsorbing polymer has been studied using statistical mechanical cell models and perturbation theories in combination with Monte Carlo experiments. The attractive interparticle potential proposed by Asakura and Oosawa is used to represent the effect of polymer depletion between the particles. The equilibrium properties are determined using the cell model for the “solid-like” phase (with Monte Carlo simulations for the structure of the solid phase) and a perturbation theory for the “liquid-like” phase. Both aqueous and nonaqueous dispersions are considered, and the phase separation behavior predicted is compared with available experimental and theoretical results.

Summary: Closed form expressions and Monte Carlo estimates for the Bayes factor are obtained for selection among weighted and unweighted models. Weighted distributions occur naturally in contexts where the probability that a particular observation enters the sample gets multiplied by some non-negative weight function. Suppose a realizationy of Y under the generalized densityf(y|ϑ) enters the investigator’s record with probability proportional tow(y,τ). Clearly, the recorded y is not an observation onY, but on the random variableY w , say, having pdf:

Five different variants of protein L7/L12, each with a single cysteine substitution at a selected site, were produced, modified with 125I-N-[4-(p-azidosalicylamido)-butyl]-3-(2'-pyridyldithio)propion amide, a radiolabeled, sulfhydryl-specific, heterobifunctional, cleavable photocross-linking reagent that transfers radiolabel to the target molecule upon reduction of the disulfide bond. The proteins were reconstituted with core particles depleted of wild type L7/L12 to yield 70 S ribosomes. Cross-linked molecules were identified and quantified by the radiolabel. No cross-linking of RNA was detected. Two sites in the dimeric N-terminal domain, Cys-12 and Cys-33, cross-linked strongly to L10 and in lower yield to L11 but to no other proteins. The three sites in the globular C-terminal domain all cross-linked strongly to L11 and, in lower yield, to L10. Weaker cross-linking to 50 S proteins L2 and L5 occurred from all three C-terminal domain locations. The 30 S ribosomal proteins S2, S3, S7, S14, S18 were also cross-linked from all three of these sites. Binding of the ternary complex [14C]Phe-tRNA-elongation factor Tu.guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate) but not [14C]Phe-tRNA.elongation factor Tu.GDP.kirromycin increased labeling of L2, L5, and all of the 30 S proteins. These results imply the flexibility of L7/L12 and the transient proximity of three surfaces of the C-terminal domain with the base of the stalk, the peptidyl transferase domain, and the head of the 30 S subunit.

Diorganotin(IV) diperchlorate complexes of heterocyclic ligands of the composition (R2SnLn)(C104)2 with L = pyridine, quinoline, 2,2'-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline, have been prepared and characterized by molar conductance measurements and IR, 1H NMR and 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopic studies. The complexes with two monodentate ligands are reported as tetrahedral while the complexes with four monodentate or two-bidentate ligands as distorted octahedral structures where the R2Sn group occupying a trans-position. Distortion of the C-Sn-cbond angle from linearity has been calculated. Its value lies between 146-162° (R = methyl) and 145° (R = phenyl).

Abstract: In manufacturing science, process capability indices play a role analogous to economic indices in government statistics. The existing capability indices are passive devices whose main role is to retroactively monitor process capability. The have been developed under the restrictive assumption of process stability, and the procedures for using them are based on ad hoc rules. Using the normative point of view for decision making, it can be shown that some of the indices are, at best, convoluted special cases of a more general strategy; they can be justified only under special assumptions, and the manner in which they are currently used could lead to incoherent actions. The available process capability indices should therefore be abandoned and replaced by procedures that are normative, and also proactive with respect to both, prediction and control. An approach towards achieving this goal is proposed.

A general synthesis for a novel class of complexes of the type, [Sn(CH3)2(L2)](ClO4)2(L = 2-(substituted arylazo) pyridine) is reported. The structure of the complexes have been investigated by 119tin Mössbauer spectroscopy and NMR coupling constant 2J (117/119Sn–CH). Further, the extent of distortion of tin–methyl groups in octahedral complexes have been calculated from the quadrupole shift (Q.S.) values using Parish’s relationship.

Generation of accurate complex shaped products on various HSTR alloys is a key feature for many kinds of machine parts widely used in industries starting from biomedical to defence industries. However, producing these kinds of complex features using traditional processes face great challenges due to the thermo-mechanical effects. Being free of tool wear, thermal stresses and residual stresses, electrochemical machining (ECM) has the potential of machining of those materials. Electrochemical milling (EC milling) process is similar to conventional ECM in which metal is removed in a layer-by-layer fashion with simple geometric tool by moving a predefined path. Not only it is difficult to produce complex shaped products on various HSTR alloys but also it is almost impossible to predict the volumetric material removal prior to the production. So, in this paper, attempt has been made to develop a mathematical model for correlating the major process parameters with the responses of EC milling process. An empirical formula is obtained based on the model to predict the volumetric material removal for various complex shapes generation on Ti6Al4V. Thereafter, experimental verification is performed by electrochemical milling system and reveals good correlation with the theoretical predictions.

The dimension of biomolecules is of few nanometers, so the biomolecular devices ought to be of that range so a better understanding about the performance of the electronic biomolecular devices can be obtained at nanoscale. Development of optical biomolecular device is a new move towards revolution of nano-bioelectronics. Optical biosensor is one of such nano-biomolecular devices that has a potential to pave a new dimension of research and device fabrication in the field of optical and biomedical fields. This paper is a very small report about optical biosensor and its development and importance in various fields.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.