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1. Noradrenergic neuromodulation in the olfactory bulb modulates odor habituation and spontaneous discrimination

Author

Guerin, Delphine, Peace, Shane T., Didier, Anne, Linster, Christiane, and Cleland, Thomas A.

Subjects
Noradrenaline -- Psychological aspects, Olfactory bulb -- Properties, Olfactory bulb -- Control, Pharmacology -- Research, Smell -- Research, Perceptual-motor learning -- Research, Health, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Noradrenergic projections from the locus coeruleus (LC) project to the olfactory bulb (OB), a cortical structure implicated in odor learning and perceptual differentiation among similar odorants. The authors tested the role of OB noradrenaline (NA) in short-term olfactory memory using an animal model of LC degeneration coupled with intrabulbar infusions of NA. Specifically, the authors lesioned cortical noradrenergic fibers in mice with the noradrenergic neurotoxin N-Ethyl-N-(2-chloroethyl)-2-bromobenzylamine hydrochloride (DSP4) and measured the effects on an olfactory habituation/spontaneous discrimination task. DSP4-treated mice failed to habituate to repeated odor presentations, indicating that they could not remember odors over the 5-min intertrial interval. The authors then infused NA bilaterally into the OBs of both DSP4-treated and nonlesioned control animals at two concentrations ([10.sup.-3]M and [10.sup.-5]M, 2 [micro]l/side). In DSP4-treated animals, NA administration at either concentration restored normal habituation and spontaneous discrimination performance, indicating that noradrenergic neuromodulation mediates these aspects of perceptual learning and that its efficacy does not require activity-dependent local regulation of NA release. Functional OB learning mechanisms may be necessary for normal odor recognition and differentiation among physically similar odorants. Keywords: noradrenaline, norepinephrine, olfaction, learning, behavioral pharmacology

Published
2008

2. Measurement of human cochlear blood flow

Author

Miller, Josef M., Bredberg, Goran, Grenman, Reidar, Suonpaa, J., Lindstrom, Bo, and Didier, Anne

Subjects
Cochlea -- Company sales and earnings, Cochlea -- Physiological aspects, Regional blood flow -- Measurement, Health
Abstract

Impairment of the flow of blood which nourishes the cochlea (organ of hearing) has long been implicated in the development of presbycusis, the decline in hearing that accompanies aging. This association has been made by examining the ears at autopsy when a record of the individuals' hearing (audiograms and ear examinations) is available. Vascular mechanisms have also been proposed as important in the localized destruction of portions of the organ of corti (the sensory cell and neural structure of the cochlea) due to exposure to noise. Similarly, sudden hearing loss, other forms of trauma, and Meniere's disease are also suspected of having a local vascular basis. This study was carried out using guinea pigs, four unanesthetized human subjects, and nine anesthetized human subjects undergoing various ear procedures. The blood flow through the cochlear vessels was measured using a laser-Doppler flowmeter. Recordings of cochlear electrical activity, which indicate the level of hearing information decoded and sent to the brain, were also obtained. The experimental design also allowed the researchers to electrically stimulate the ear during the recording process. The level of blood flow was measured while the subjects inhaled carbogen, a mixture of oxygen (90 percent) and carbon dioxide (10 percent), which is known to produce vasodilation. Recordings were similarly obtained when the ear was immersed in warm water, which also produces vasodilation. While carbogen stimulation produced no change in blood flow through the cochlea, electrical stimulation and water irrigation were extremely effective at producing changes in cochlear blood flow. This study strongly suggests that the method used may be a suitable and relatively safe means of assessing cochlear blood flow in both normal and diseased ears. But the method is very sensitive, and could easily be subject to artifact. Therefore, the results of such cochlear blood flow studies must be carefully considered and interpreted with caution. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1991

3. Incidence of severe critical events in paediatric anaesthesia (APRICOT): a prospective multicentre observational study in 261 hospitals in Europe

Author

Habre, Walid, Disma, Nicola, Virag, Katalin, Becke, Karin, Hansen, Tom G, Jöhr, Martin, Leva, Brigitte, Morton, Neil S, Vermeulen, Petronella M, Zielinska, Marzena, Boda, Krisztina, Veyckemans, Francis, Klimscha, Walter, Konecny, Regina, Luntzer, Robert, Morawk-Wintersperger, Ulrike, Neiger, Franz, Rustemeyer, Lydia, Breschan, Christian, Frey, Denise, Platzer, Manuela, Germann, Reinhard, Oeding, Joachim, Stoegermüller, Birgit, Ziegler, Bernhard, Brotatsch, Philipp, Gutmann, Anton, Mausser, Gerlinde, Messerer, Brigitte, Toller, Wolfgang, Vittinghoff, Maria, Zangl, Gregor, Seidel-Ahyai, Natascha, Hochhold, Christoph, Kroess, Ruth, Paal, Peter, Cnudde, Steven, Coucke, Patricia, Loveniers, Birgit, Mitchell, John, Kahn, David, Pirotte, Thierry, Pregardien, Caroline, Veyckemans, Francis, Coppens, Marc, De Hert, Stefan, Heyse, Björn, Neckebroek, Martine, Parashchanka, Aliaksandra, Van Limmen, Jurgen, Van Den Eynde, Nancy, Vanpeteghem, Caroline, Wyffels, Piet, Lalot, Michaël, Lechat, Jean-Paul, Stevens, France, Casaer, Sari, De Groote, Françoise, De Pooter, Françoise, De Villé, Andrée, Gerin, Marc, Magasich, Natalia, Sanchez Torres, Cristel, Van Deenen, Denise, Berghmans, Johan, Himpe, Dirk, Roofthooft, Eva, Joukes, Ellen, Smitz, Carine, Van Reeth, Veronique, Huygens, Christel, Lauweryns, Julie, De Smet, Karen, Najafi, Nadia, Poelaert, Jan, Van de Velde, Anne, Van Mossevelde, Veerle, Bekavac, Ivan, Butkovic, Diana, Heli Litvic, Dubravka, Kerovec Soric, Ivana, Maretic, Hrvoje, Moscatello, Djurdjica, Popovic, Ljiljana, Micici, Slobodan, Stuck Tus, Ivana, Kalagac Fabris, Lada, Simurina, Tatjana, Sulen, Nina, Kesic-Valpotic, Gordana, Djapic, Dajana, Žurek, Jirí, Jureckova, Lucie, Mackova, Iveta, Skacel, Monika, Weinlichova, Stanislava, Divák, Jan, Frelich, Michal, Urbanec, René, Biskupova, Vera, Mixa, Vladimir, Pavlickova, Jana, Afshari, Arash, Bøttger, Morten, Ellekvist, Marguerite B., Johansen, Mathias, Ingeborg Madsen, Birgitte, Christian Nilsson, Jens, Schousboe, Birgitte MB, Clausen, Nicola G., Hansen, Tom G., Phaff Steen, Nick, Ilmoja, Mari-Liis, Tonise, Virge, Karjagin, Juri, Kikas, Reet, Isohanni, Mika, Lyly, Anniina, Takala, Annika, Happo, Johanna, Kiviluoma, Kai, Martikainen, Kati, Aantaa, Riku, Manner, Tuula, Vilo, Sanna, Amory, Catherine, Ludot, Hugues, Lambotte, Patricia, Busche, René, Jacqmarcq, Olivier, Lejus, Corinne, Corouge, Julien, Erb, Christian, Garrigue, Delphine, Gillet, Patricia, Laffargue, Anne, Lambelin, Veronique, Le Freche, Hélène, Peresbota, Daliana, Richart, Pierre, Berton, Jerome, Chapotte, Catherine, Colbus, Laurent, Lehousse, Thierry, Monrigal, Jean, Baujard, Catherine, Roulleau, Philippe, Staiti, Giuseppe, Batoz, Hélène, Bordes, Maryline, Didier, Anne, Hamonic, Yann, Lagarde, Sylvaine, Nouette-Gaulain, Karine, Semjen, François, Zaghet, Brigitte, Dekens, Jacky, Delcuze, Axelle, Dupont, Hervé, Legrand, Aurélien, Raffoflandreur, Celine, Audren, Noémie, Camus, Blandine, Cartal, Marielle, Chazelet, Chantal, Davin, Isabelle, Guillier, Marion, Desjeux, Luc, Larcher, Claire, Grein, Elodie, Leclercq, Mickeal, Levitchi, Roxana, Rosu, Lilica, Simon, Dominique, Zang, Aurélien, Migeon, Anne, Gagey, Anne-Charlotte, Bourdaud, Nathalie, Carre, Anne-Charlotte, Duflo, Frédéric, Riche, Jean-Claude, Robert, Philippe, Druot, Emilie, Maupain, Olivier, Orliaguet, Gilles, Sabau, Lucie, Taright, Hanna, Uhrig, Lynn, Verchere-Montmayeur, Juliette, Debrabant, Lise, Pilla, Clotaire, Podvin, Alexandre, Roth, Benjamin, Dahmani, Souhayl, Julien-Marsollier, Florence, Sabourdin, Nada, Alexandri, Bogdan, Brezac, Gilles, de la Brière, Francois, Hayem, Catherine, Lhubat, Elizabeth, Paul Mission, Jean, Rémond, Charlotte, Dadure, Christophe, Maniora, Maud, Marie, Anais, Pirat, Philippe, Saour, Anne-Charlotte, Sola, Chrystelle, Ecoffey, Claude, Wodey, Eric, Adam, Christian, Standl, Thomas, Schindler, Ehrenfried, Yamamoto, Tomohiro, Brackhahn, Michael, Eich, Christoph Bernhard, Guericke, Holger, Kindermann, Petra, Laschat, Michael, Schink, Cornel, Wappler, Frank, Hoehne, Claudia, Skordou, Natalia, Ulrici, Johanna, Jetzek-Zader, Martin, Kienbaum, Peter, Meyer-Treschan, Tanja, Picker, Olaf, Schaefer, Maximilian S., Mielke, Golo, Baethge, Sabine, Ramminger, Axel, Bauer, Martin, Bollinger, Matthias, Hinz, José, Quintel, Michael, Russo, Sebastian G., Bauer, Michael, Geil, Dfominik, Kortgen, Andreas, Preussler, Niels-Peter, Hofmann, Ulrich, Raber, Manfred, Reindl, Doris, Becke, Karin, Oppenrieder, Karin, Schierlinger, Bettina, Roth, Jens, Funk, Wolfgang, Fischer, Thomas, Gernoth, Christian, Wiefelspütz, Christina, Volger, Hauke, Zederer, Nicole, Diers, Anja, Huber, Matthias, Schorer, Clemens, Weyland, Andreas, Schwarzkopf, Konrad, Grau, Catharina, Roth, Winfried, Holy, Rolf, Mader, Thomas, Peter, Laura, Supthut, Hauke, Kuehhirt, Thomas, Milde, Alexander, Fiedler, Fritz, Isselhorst, Carsten, Grundmann, Ulrich, Pattar, Alexander, Reinert, Jennifer, Ehm, Birgit, Fritzsche, Katrin, Gaebler, Ralf, Meybohm, Patrick, Hein, Maximilian, Guzman, Ines, Jokinen, Johanna, Kranke, Peter, Goebel, Ulrich, Harris, Sarah, Eisner, Christoph, Ochsenreiter, Miriam, Schoeler, Michael, Thil, Elke, Ellerkmann, Richard, Hoeft, Andreas, Neumann, Claudia, Weber, Stefan, Keilhauer, Julia, Kloessing, Jan, Schramm, Michael, Trieschmann, Uwe, Knauss, Kristina, Sinner, Barbara, Steinmann, Johannes, Koessler, Herbert, Kalliardou, Evagelia, Malisiova, Anna, Tsiotou, Adelais, Chloropoulou, Pelagia, Chrysi, Mpratzou, Iordanidou, Despoina, Ntavlis, Merkourios, Boda, Krisztina B, Guerin, Christilynn, Irwin, Janice, Magner, Claire, Nakhjavani, Solmaz, O'Hare, Brendan, Galvin, Deborah, Jamil, Yosry, Lesmes, Carlos, Barak, Yuri, Fisher, Haran, Kachko, Ludmyla, Katz, Jacob, Kirilov, Dmitry, Levinzon, Michael, Manevich, Yair, Nekrasov, Konstantin, Peled, Elia, Sanko, Elena, Schmain, Dmitri, Sheinkin, Olga, Simhi, Eliahu, Tarabikin, Alex, Trabkin, Evelina, Yagudaev, Irena, Zeitlin, Yelena, Zunser, Igor, Cerutti, Elisabetta, Maddalena Schellino, Maria, Valzan, Silvia, Lucia Pinciroli, Rosa, Bortone, Luciano, Cerati, Giorgia, Salici, Fabiana, Bussolin, Leonardo, Rizzo, Giuliana, Rossetti, Francesca, Marchesini, Laura, Tesoro, Simonetta, De Lorenzo, Brita, Guarracino, Fabio, Kuppers, Beate, Astuto, Marinella, Pitino, Sofia, Scalisi, Rita, Scordo, Lucia, D'Alessandro, Sandra, Dei Giudici, Luigi, Farinelli, Ivano, Lofino, Giuseppe, Marchetti, Giuliano, Giuseppe Picardo, Sergio, Reali, Simone, Vittori, Alessandro, Antonio Idone, Francesco, Sammartino, Maria, Sbaraglia, Fabio, Barbera, Cinzia, Bevilacqua, Michela, Cento, Valeria, Disma, Nicola, Kotzeva, Svetlana, Mameli, Leila, Montobbio, Giovanni, Passariello, Leandro, Punzo, Cinzia, Sileo, Rosanna, Viacava, Rosanna, Volpe, Claudia, Zanaboni, Clelia, Calderini, Edoardo, Genco, Daniele, Neri, Simona, Ottolina, Davide, Camporesi, Anna, Izzo, Francesca, Salvo, Ida, Wolfler, Andrea, Sanna, Andrea, Sciascia, Angela, Stoia, Paolo, Guddo, Annamaria, Lapi, Maria, Ivani, Giorgio, Longobardo, Annalisa, Mossetti, Valeria, Pedrotti, Dino, Grazzini, Maurizia, Meneghini, Luisa, Metrangolo, Salvatore, Michelon, Stefania, Minardi, Carmelo, Tognon, Costanza, Zadra, Nicola, Busi, Ilaria, Khotcholava, Magda, Guido Locatelli, Bruno, Sonzogni, Valter, Starita, Giusi, Almenrader, Nicole, Aurilio, Caterina, Sansone, Pasquale, Albarello, Raffaella, Bracci, Paolo, Cecini, Mariateresa, Cristina Mondardini, Maria, Pasini, Lorena, Vason, Milo, Zani, Gianluca, Zoppellari, Roberto, Pistidda, Laura, Cortegiani, Andrea, Maurizio Raineri, Santi, Hasani, Antigona, Hashimi, Medita, Ancupans, Agris, Barzdina, Arta, Straume, Zane, Zundane, Anda, Chlopin, Mikhail, Gestautaite, Dalia, Lukosiene, Laura, Paliokaite, Evelina, Razlevice, Ilona, Armoniene, Inesa, Bernotiene, Aurelija, Daugelavicius, Vidunas, Dockiene, Ilona, Gaidelyte, Lina, Saviciene, Nijole, Krikstaponiene, Jolita, Sidlovskaite-Baltake, Dominika, Stasevski, Vladyslav, Vaitoskaite, Agne, Gatt, David, Mifsud, Stephanie, Zammit, Simone, Allison, Celia, Aslami, Hamid, Eberl, Susanne, van Stijn, Mireille F M, Stevens, Markus F, Punt, Kees, van Osch, Rob, Bauwman, Arthur, Scholten, Harm, Svircevic, Vesna, Adriaens, Veronique, Dirckx, Maaike, Dogger, Jaap, Dons-Sinke, Ilse, Machotta, Andreas, Moors, Xavier, Rad, Mandana, Staals, Lonneke, van der Knijff - van Dortmont, Anouk, van der Marel, Caroline, Sieben, Anne, van der Zwan, Tim, Veldhuizen, Marianne, Alders, David, Buhre, Wolfgang, Vermeulen, Petronella M, Engel, Nicole, Vossen, Carine, Mahadewsing, Ravin, Meijer, Patrick, Gerling, Volker, van der Schatte Olivier, Roelof, van Doorn, Thea, Vons Mark Hendriks, Kristy, Lako, Sandra, jan Scheffer, Gert, Tielens, Luc, Voet, Marieke, Absalom, Anthony, Bergsma, Margot, Spanjer, Vera, Spanjersberg, Rob, van de Riet, Yvette, Volkers, Martin, de Graaff, Jurgen C., Hopman, Geranne A.J., Kappen, Teus H., Hannie, J., Megens, A.M., Numan, Sandra C., Schouten, Anton N.J., Turner, Nigel M., Van Der Werff, Désirée B.M., Wensing, Renee T.M., Ephraim, Erik, Nolte, Claire, Reikvam, Tore, Fredrik Lund, Ole, Skaaden, Lene, Marthe Ballovarre, Kari, Bakken Boerke, Wenche, Grindheim, Guro, Lindenskov, Pal H H, Beate Solas, Anne, Sponheim, Sjur, Ullensvang, Kyrre, Viken, Oddbjorn, Marie Drage, Inger, Gymoese Berthelsen, Kasper, Anders Kroken, Bjørn, Bergland, Unni, Pryzmont, Miroslaw, Talalaj, Mariola, Wasiluk, Malgorzata, Zalewska, Dorota, Damps, Maria, Siemek-Mitela, Jadzia, Wieczorek, Pawel, Juzwa, Magdalena, Rosada-Kurasinska, Jowita, Bartkowska-Sniatkowska, Alicja, Cettler, Maciej, Kopycinska, Renata, Rudewicz, Iwona, Sobczyk, Jaek, Wojciechowski, Dariusz, Baranowski, Artur, Basiewicz, Ewa, Mierzewska-Schmidt, Magdalena, Retka, Wlodzimierz, Sawicki, Piotr, Checinska, Magdalena, Zielinska, Marzena, Zurawska, Magdalena, Leal, Teresa, Mascarenhas, Catia, Pedro Pina, António, Joao Susano, Maria, Moniz, Antonio, Teresa Rocha, Maria, Calvao Santos, Carolina, Domingas Patuleia, M, Pereira, Ricardo, Roxo, Helena, Amaral, Rosa, Guedes, Isabel, Gomes, Cristina, Gonçalves, Marta, Salgado, Helena, Santos, Maria, Rodrigues, Sara, Sa, Angela, Machado, Elvira, Pé d'Arca, Sandra, Seabra, Manuel, Mihaela Gheorghe, Ligia, Ivascu, Constantin, Moraru-Draghici, Lucia, Suvejan, Mirela, Babici, Remus, Eniko, Kovacs, Hogea, Cristiana, Mihaela, Dubau, Nicoleta, Daraban, Barbunc, Danut, Maria Nistor, Alina, Stefan, Violeta, Catalina Ionescu, Gabriela, Davidescu, Irina, Teodora Nastase, Alina, Dumitru Rusu, Florin, Badarau, Victoria, Cindea, Iulia, Moscaliuc, Melania, Olteanu, Dana, Petrescu, Luxita, Ceuca, Daniela, Galinescu, Irena, Badeti, Rodica, Capusan, Alin, Cucui-Cozma, Cosmina, Popescu, Barbura, Cimpeanu, Luminita, Birliba, Mihaela-Petronela, Miulescu, Magdalena, Balamat, Stefania, Gurita, Adriana, Ilie, Luminita, Mocioiu, Gabriel, Pick, Darina, Sirghie, Rodica, Tabacaru, Radu, Trante, Irinel, Gurita, Adriana, Horhota, Lucian, Bandrabur, Daniela, Ciobanu, Tudor, Cuciuc, Veaceslav, Munteanu, Valentin, Olaru, Valentin, Paiu, Corneliu, Savu, Anca, Trifan, Oana, Elena Malos, Anca, Glazunov, Anton, Ivanov, Alexander, Poduskov, Evgeny, Popov, Alexander, Guskov, Igor, Lugovoy, Alexander, Nechaev, Vladislav, Ovezov, Alexey, Basov, Mikhail, Kochkin, Vladimir, Lazarev, Vladimir, Chizhov, Dmitri, Ostreikov, Ivan, Tolasov, Konstantin, Budic, Ivana, Marjanovic, Vesna, Draskovic, Biljana, Pandurov, Marina, Simin, Jovana, Dolinaj, Vladimir, Janjevic, Dusanka, Mandras, Ana, Mircetic, Maja, Petrovic, Sladjana, Rebac, Vlatka, Slavkovic, Bojana, Stevanovic, Vesna, Velcev, Ana, Knezevic, Mirjana, Milojevic, Irina, Puric, Selena, Simic, Irena, Stevic, Marija, Stranjanac, Vladimir, Simic, Dusica, Cabanova, Barbora, Hanula, Miloslav, Grynyuk, Andry, Berger, Jelena, Cerne, Uros, Nastran, Andraz, Pirc, Dejan, Popic, Rok, Stupnik, Spela, Rubio, Paloma, del Río, Cristina, Benito, Pilar, Pino, Gema, Gutierrez, Ignacio, Gutierrez Valcarcel, Andrea, León Carsi, Irene, Perez Garcia, Anibal, López Galera, Sílvia, Marco Valls, Joan, Ricol Lainez, Laura, Vallejo Tarrat, Andrea, Artes, David, Banus, Ester, Chirichiello, Luca, De Abreu, Leidy, De Josemaria, Belen, Helena Gaitan, M, Garces, Antonio, Lazaro, Juan J, Manen Berga, Ferran, Molies, Dolors, Monclus, Enric, Navaro, Montserrat, Pamies, Carmen, Perelló, Marina, Prat, Mar, Ribo, Laura, Angeles Sanz, M, Serrano, Silvia, Sola Ruiz, Eva, Anuncia Escontrela Rodríguez, Blanca, Maria Gago Martinez, Andrea, Martínez Ruiz, Alberto, De La Cruz Benito, Fausto, Gabilondo Garcia, Gustavo, Martinez Maldonado, Ever, Noriega, Bryant, Oller Duque, Lara, Olmos Mendez, Alberto, Perez- Ferrer, Antonio, Reinoso Barbero, Francisco, Acevedo Bambaren, Ismael, Domínguez, Fernando, Franco, Teresa, Jiménez, Anabel, Melero, Alicia, Feliu, Montserrat, García, Irene, Montferrer, Núria, Munar, Francisca, Muro, Cristina, Nuño, Rosario, Perera, Remel, Schmucker, Erika, Börjesson, Glenda, Gillberg, Lars, Castellheim, Albert, Sandström, Kerstin, Bauer, Annette, Roos, Torbjörn, Hedlund, Lars, Boegli, Yann, Dolci, Mirko, Marcucci, Carine, Spahr-Schopfer, Isabelle, Habre, Walid, Pellegrini, Michel, Book, Malte, Errass, Loreen, Riggenbach, Christine, Casutt, Mattias, Hölzle, Martin, Hurni, Thomas, Jöhr, Martin, Mauch, Jacqueline, Anselmi, Luciano, Anselmi, Irene, Jacomet, Alfred, Oberhauser, Markus, Wossner, Stephanie, Zettl, Angelika, Erb, Thomas, Mackiewicz, Tomasz, Simitzes, Helena, Ozer, Yetkin, Takil, Arzu, Alanoglu, Zekeriyya, Bermede, Onat, Cakar Turhan, K.Sanem, Alkis, Neslihan, Yildirim Guclu, Cigdem, Ceyda Meco, Basak, Hatipoglu, Zehra, Ozcengiz, Dilek, Begec, Zekine, Ilksen Toprak, Huseyin, Kendigelen, Pinar, Cigdem Tütüncü, Ayse, Karadeniz, Meltem Savran, Seyhan Ozkan, Tulay, Sivrikoz, Nuket, Kemal Arslantas, Mustafa, Hizal, Ayse, Tore Altun, Gülbin, Umuroglu, Tumay, Baris, Sibel, Kazak Bengisun, Zuleyha, Goncharenko, Galyna, Khrapak, Maksym, Klymenko, Tetyana, Pavlenko, Vitaliy, Prysiazhniuk, Dmytro, Rudio, Olga, Varyvoda, Mykhailo, Vodianytskyi, Sergii, Boryshkevych, Ivanna, Kyselova, Iryna, Trikash, Nikolay, Albokrinov, Andrew, Perova-Sharonova, Valentina, Sklyar, Vitaliy, Surkov, Denis, Abdelaal, Amr, Barber, Nicola, Checuti, Sarah, Godsiff, Leisha, Johanne, Lynch, Simpson, Joanna, Underhill, Helen, Diwan, Rishi, Kelgeri, Nivedita, Masip, Nuria, Ravi, Radha, Roberts, Steve, Cillis, Annagrazia, Marcus, Ritchie, Merella, Federica, Love, David, Baraggia, Paolo, Bird, Victoria, Hussey, Joseph, Alderson, Peter, Bartholomew, Karen, Moncreiff, Michael, Davidson, Sarah, Hare, Alison, Kotecha, Ami, Lee, Corina, Liyanage, Ganga, Patel, Shivali, Samani, Amee, Abou-Samra, Mark, Boyd, Matthew, Hullatt, Laurence, Levy, David, Pauling, Mark, Sharman, Sarah-Jane, Smith, Natalie, Rutherford, John, Cavalier, Alison, Locke, Christie, Sage, Frederic, Bapat, Smita, Hammerschlag, Jacinda, Ioannou, Ioannis, King, Stephanie, Pegg, Rachel, Salota, Vishal, Sketcher, Jonathan, Thadsad, Muthu, Zeitlin, Deborah, Jack, Ewan, Lang, Colin, Ahmed, Samira, Ayyash, Reema, Bari, Francoise, Bell, Sarah J, Elizabeth Biercamp, Claire, Briggs, Sandra, Gabriella Elena Clement, Maria, Dalton, Mark, Ali Eissa Eid, Mohamed, Gandhi, Monica, Harmen Herrema, Idse, Khaffaf, Ranj, Jeng Min Law, Savio, McClintock, Joanna, Ireland, Nicholas, Majid Saleem, Mohammed, Smith, Fiona, Cohen, Marc, Lee, Clover-Ann, O'Donahue, Lizanne, Powell, Alex, Rawlinson, Ellen, Snoek, Aarjan, Weiss, Katja, Wellesley, Hugo, Crawford, Michael, Abdel-Hafiz, Mostafa, Day, Alexandra, Rajamani, Balaji, Saha, Rita, Wright, Dave, Chee, Lew-Chin, Bew, Stephanie, Homer, Rachel, Malarkkan, Nalini, Wolfe Barry, Juliet, Angadi, Pradeep, Cagney, Brid, De Melo, Eric, Dekker, Elsa, Helm, Emma, Jones, Gareth, Peiris, Kawshala, Russell, William, Slater, Patricia, Sodhi, Puja, Browning, Mike, Phillips, Trudie, Van Hecke, Rachel, Muir, Vimty, Singh, Piyush, Soskova, Tereza, Cumming, Craig, Farquharson, Pamela, Pearson, Karen, Shaw, Neil, Whiteside, Jonathan, Whyte, Emma, Byers, Gordon, Davies, Kay, Engelhardt, Thomas, Faliszewski, Isabella, Johnston, Graham, Kaufmann, Nils, Kusnirikova, Zuzana, Wilson, Graham, Carachi, Peter, Makin, Andrew, Foster, Brian, Lipczynski, Dariusz, Mawer, Rebecca, Rutherford, William, Rogerson, David, Rushman, Sarah, Taylor, Christopher, Tomlinson, William, Dix, Philippa, Woodward, Tom, Bell, Graham, Boyle, David, Cloherty, Marianne, Cullen, Julia, Cullen, Pauline, Fairgrieve, Ross, Ghent, Robert, Glasgow, Russell, Gordeeva, Elena, Harden, Alison, Hivey, Sarah, Jerome, Kevin, McKee, Lesley, Morton, Neil, Pribul, Vicky, Sinclair, John, Steiner, Maria, Steward, Heather, Sweeney, Lorraine, Thomson, Wendy, Whiteside, Jeanette, Dalton, Andrew, Ross, Mark, Smith, Carolyn, Allen, Claire, Anders, Nicola, Barlow, Victoria, Bassett, Mike, Darwin, Leanne, Davison, Rachel, Diacono, Jacques, Hobbs, Amy, Hutchinson, Adel, Lomas, Bernadette, Lonsdale, Hannah, Nasser, Leila, Oshan, Vimmi, Patel, Pradip, Raistrick, Christopher, Scott-Warren, Victoria, Talbot, Laura, Wai, Carolynn, Childs, Sophie, Dickinson, Matthew, Bloomfield, Tom, Garrioch, Sweyn, Watson, Karen, Gaynor, James, Harrison, Richard, Lee, Juliette, Blythe, Elizabeth, Dorman, Teresa, Eissa, Ayman, Ellwood, James, Gooch, Ingrid, Hearn, Robert, Hodgetts, Vanessa, John, Robert, Kirton, Christine, Ladak, Nadia, Morgan, Judith, Plant, Nina, Shepherd, Elizabeth, Short, Judith, Stack, Charles, Steel, Simon, Taylor, Matthew, Thomas, Deborah, Wilson, Catharine, Wilson-Smith, Elaine, Bradbury, Carol L., Hussain, Nageena, Mayell, Antonia, Mesbah, Ahmed, Qureshi, Arif, Vaidyanath, Chandra, Geary, Tim, Hawksworth, Chris, Parasuraman, Tamaraichelvi, Perry, Nicole, Banerjee, Indrani, Barr, Katharine, Butler, Patrick, Davies, Jack, Flewin, Lisa, Gande, Richard, Montague, James, Plumb, James, Pratt, Thomas, Sutherland, Paul, Taylor, Matthew, Vail, Hannah, Wilkins, Andrew, Hunter, Catherine, Russell, Susan, Thomas, Alun, Mifsud, Mark, Strachan, Dominic, Leva, Brigitte, Plichon, Benoit, and Harlet, Pierre

Abstract

Little is known about the incidence of severe critical events in children undergoing general anaesthesia in Europe. We aimed to identify the incidence, nature, and outcome of severe critical events in children undergoing anaesthesia, and the associated potential risk factors.

Published
2017
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4. Olfactory perceptual learning requires action of noradrenaline in the olfactory bulb: comparison with olfactory associative learning

Author

Vinera, Jennifer, Kermen, Florence, Sacquet, Joëlle, Didier, Anne, Mandairon, Nathalie, and Richard, Marion

Abstract

Noradrenaline contributes to olfactory-guided behaviors but its role in olfactory learning during adulthood is poorly documented. We investigated its implication in olfactory associative and perceptual learning using local infusion of mixed α1-β adrenergic receptor antagonist (labetalol) in the adult mouse olfactory bulb. We reported that associative learning, as opposed to perceptual learning, was not affected by labetalol infusions in the olfactory bulb. Accordingly, this treatment during associative learning did not affect the survival of bulbar adult-born neurons. Altogether, our results suggest that the noradrenergic system plays different parts in specific olfactory learning tasks and their neurogenic correlates.

Published
2015
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5. An Endogenous Vitamin K‐Dependent Mechanism Regulates Cell Proliferation in the Brain Subventricular Stem Cell Niche

Author

Gely‐Pernot, Aurore, Coronas, Valérie, Harnois, Thomas, Prestoz, Laetitia, Mandairon, Nathalie, Didier, Anne, Berjeaud, Jean Marc, Monvoisin, Arnaud, Bourmeyster, Nicolas, De Frutos, Pablo García, Philippe, Michel, and Benzakour, Omar

Abstract

Neural stem cells (NSC) persist in the adult mammalian brain, within the subventricular zone (SVZ). The endogenous mechanisms underpinning SVZ stem and progenitor cell proliferation are not fully elucidated. Vitamin K‐dependent proteins (VKDPs) are mainly secreted factors that were initially discovered as major regulators of blood coagulation. Warfarin ((S(−)‐3‐acetonylbenzyl)‐4‐hydroxycoumarin)), a widespread anticoagulant, is a vitamin K antagonist that inhibits the production of functional VKDP. We demonstrate that the suppression of functional VKDPs production, in vitro, by exposure of SVZ cell cultures to warfarin or, in vivo, by its intracerebroventricular injection to mice, leads to a substantial increase in SVZ cell proliferation. We identify the anticoagulant factors, protein S and its structural homolog Gas6, as the two only VKDPs produced by SVZ cells and describe the expression and activation pattern of their Tyro3, Axl, and Mer tyrosine kinase receptors. Both in vitro and in vivo loss of function studies consisting in either Gas6 gene invalidation or in endogenous protein S neutralization, provided evidence for an important novel regulatory role of these two VKDPs in the SVZ neurogenic niche. Specifically, we show that while a loss of Gas6 leads to a reduction in the numbers of stem‐like cells and in olfactory bulb neurogenesis, endogenous protein S inhibits SVZ cell proliferation. Our study opens up new perspectives for investigating further the role of vitamin K, VKDPs, and anticoagulants in NSC biology in health and disease. STEMCELLS2012; 30:719–731

Published
2012
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6. Topographical representation of odor hedonics in the olfactory bulb

Author

Kermen, Florence, Midroit, Maëllie, Kuczewski, Nicola, Forest, Jérémy, Thévenet, Marc, Sacquet, Joëlle, Benetollo, Claire, Richard, Marion, Didier, Anne, and Mandairon, Nathalie

Abstract

Hedonic value is a dominant aspect of olfactory perception. Using optogenetic manipulation in freely behaving mice paired with immediate early gene mapping, we demonstrate that hedonic information is represented along the antero-posterior axis of the ventral olfactory bulb. Using this representation, we show that the degree of attractiveness of odors can be bidirectionally modulated by local manipulation of the olfactory bulb's neural networks in freely behaving mice.

Published
2016
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7. Noradrenergic control of odor recognition in a nonassociative olfactory learning task in the mouse.

Author

Veyrac, Alexandra, Nguyen, Véronique, Marien, Marc, Didier, Anne, and Jourdan, François

Abstract

The present study examined the influence of pharmacological modulations of the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system on odor recognition in the mouse. Mice exposed to a nonrewarded olfactory stimulation (training) were able to memorize this odor and to discriminate it from a new odor in a recall test performed 15 min later. At longer delays (30 or 60 min), the familiar odor was no longer retained, and both stimuli were perceived as new ones. Following a post-training injection of the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist dexefaroxan, the familiar odor was still remembered 30 min after training. In contrast, both the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist UK 14304 and the noradrenergic neurotoxin DSP-4 prevented the recognition of the familiar odor 15 min after the first exposure. Noradrenaline release in the olfactory bulb, assessed by measurement of the extracellular noradrenaline metabolite normetanephrine, was increased by 62% following dexefaroxan injection, and was decreased by 38%-44% after treatment with UK 14304 and DSP-4. Performance of mice in the recall test was reduced by a post-training injection of the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol or the alpha(1)-antagonist prazosin, thus implicating a role for beta- and alpha(1)-adrenoceptors in the facilitating effects of noradrenaline on short-term olfactory recognition in this model.

Published
2007
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8. Influence of testosterone on regulation of ODC, antizyme, and N1-SSAT gene expression in mouse kidney

Author

Levillain, Olivier, Greco, Anna, Diaz, Jean-Jacques, Augier, Roger, Didier, Anne, Kindbeiter, Karine, Catez, Frédéric, and Cayre, Myriam

Abstract

Polyamines are involved in the control of the cell cycle and cell growth. In murine kidney, testosterone enhances gene expression of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the first enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis. In this study, we document the time course effect of testosterone on 1) gene expression of ODC, antizyme 1 (AZ1), and spermidine/spermine-N1-acetyltransferase (N1-SSAT); 2) ODC activity in proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and cortical proximal straight tubules (CPST); and 3) renal polyamine levels. Female mice were treated with testosterone for a period of 1, 2, 3, and 5 consecutive days. ODC gene expression was extremely low in kidneys of untreated female mice compared with that of males. Consequently, the renal putrescine level was sevenfold lower in females than in males, whereas spermidine and spermine levels did not differ between sexes. In female kidneys, testosterone treatment sharply increased ODC mRNA and protein levels as well as ODC activity. Testosterone increased the expression of ODC in PCT and CPST over different time courses, which suggests that ODC activity is differentially regulated in distinct tubules. The expression of AZ1 and N1-SSAT mRNA was similar in male and female mouse kidneys. Testosterone treatment enhanced AZ1 and N1-SSAT mRNA levels in a time-dependent manner by unknown molecular mechanisms. Putrescine and spermidine levels increased after testosterone treatment in female kidneys. Surprisingly, although ODC protein and activity were undetectable in female kidneys, the levels of AZ1 mRNA and protein were similar to those in males. Therefore, one may propose that ODC protein could be continuously degraded by AZ1 in female kidneys.

Published
2003
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9. Differential subcellular distribution of glutamate and taurine in primary olfactory neurones

Author

Didier, Anne, Ottersen, Ole Petter, and Storm-Mathisen, Jon

Abstract

TAURINE, AND glutamate are widely distributed amino acids in the mammalian brain, including the olfactory bulb where their functions have not been fully elucidated. This study investigated the precise cellular distribution of taurine, and glutamate in the nerve layer, and the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb, using semiquantitative immunocytochemistry at the electron microscopic level. The results show that both amino acids are present at higher concentrations in primary olfactory neurones than in the postsynaptic dendrites. Glutamate is also enriched in terminals vsaxons of the primary olfactory neurones. This suggests that glutamate acts as a neurotransmitter at the primary synapse in the olfactory system. An opposite concentration gradient is found for taurine, with a higher level of taurine-like immunoreactivity in axons than in terminals of primary olfactory neurones. Further studies are required before conclusions can be drawn about the function of taurine in these neurones.

Published
1994

10. GABA immunoreactivity of calyceal nerve endings in the vestibular system of the guinea pig

Author

Didier, Anne, Dupont, Jerôme, and Cazals, Yves

Abstract

Neurotransmitters involved in the vestibular system are largely uncharacterized. On the basis of results of earlier electrophysiological and immunohistochemical experiments, glutamate and gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) have been proposed in both mammalian and non-mammalian species as afferent transmitters between the sensory cell and the afferent dendrite. GABA is also suspected to act as an efferent neurotransmitter in the cochlea. We describe in this study the immunocytochemical localization of GABA within the vestibular end organs in the guinea pig. GABA immunoreactivity was found in the calyceal nerve endings surrounding type I hair cells of the vestibular epithelia. The most significant labelings were obtained in the crista ampullaris. Labeling was more difficult to observe in the utricular and saccular macula. These results contribute to the recent proposal that the calyx has a secretory function, and suggest that GABA may have a modulatory influence upon the type I hair cells.

Published
1990
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