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In this paper, an adaptive three-term conjugate gradient method is proposed for solving unconstrained problems, which generates sufficient descent directions at each iteration. Different from the existent methods, a dynamical adjustment between Hestenes–Stiefel and Dai–Liao conjugacy conditions in our proposed method is developed. Under mild condition, we show that the proposed method converges globally. Numerical experimentation with the new method indicates that it efficiently solves the test problems and therefore is promising.

Introducing an external visible-light field would be a promising strategy to improve the activity of the electrocatalytic CO2reduction reaction (CO2RR), but it still remains a challenge due to the short excited-state lifetime of active sites. Herein, Ru(bpy)3Cl2struts as powerful photosensitive donors were immobilized into the backbones of Co-porphyrin-based covalent organic frameworks (named Co-Bpy-COF-Rux, xis the molar ratio of Ru and Co species, x= 1/2 and 2/3) via coordination bonds, for the photo-coupled CO2RR to produce CO. The optimal Co-Bpy-COF-Ru1/2displays a high CO Faradaic efficiency of 96.7% at −0.7 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a CO partial current density of 16.27 mA cm–2at −1.1 V vs RHE under the assistance of light, both of which were far surpassing the values observed in the dark. The significantly enhanced activity is mainly attributed to the incorporation of a Ru(bpy)3Cl2donor with long excited-state lifetime and concomitantly giant built-in electric field in Co-Bpy-COF-Ru1/2, which efficiently accelerate the photo-induced electron transfer from Ru(bpy)3Cl2to the cobalt-porphyrin under the external light. Thus, the cobalt-porphyrin active sites have a longer excited-state lifetime to lower the rate-determining steps’ energy occurring during the actual photo-coupled electrocatalytic CO2RR process. This is the first work of porphyrin-based COFs for photo-coupled CO2RR, opening a new frontier for the construction of efficient photo-coupled electrocatalysts.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease with no effective therapies. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a marker of oxidative stress, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of PF. Fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation (FMD) is an important source of fibrotic cells in PF. Previous studies showed that melatonin (MT) exerted anti-fibrotic effect in many diseases including PF through its antioxidant activity. In the present study we investigated the relationships among Gal-3, NRF2, ROS in FMD and their regulation by MT. We established an in vitro model of FMD in TGF-β1-treated human fetal lung fibroblast1 (HFL1) cells and a PF mouse model viableomycin (BLM) intratracheal instillation. We found that Gal-3 expression was significantly increased both in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of Gal-3 in HFL1 cells markedly attenuated TGF-β1-induced FMD process and ROS accumulation. In TGF-β1-treated HFL1 cells, pretreatment with NRF2-specific inhibitor ML385 (5 μM) significantly increased the levels of Gal-3, α-SMA and ROS, suggesting that the expression of Gal-3 was regulated by NRF2. Treatment with NRF2-activator MT (250 μM) blocked α-SMA and ROS accumulation accompanied by reduced Gal-3 expression. In BLM-induced PF model, administration of MT (5 mg·kg−1·d−1, ip for 14 or 28 days) significantly attenuated the progression of lung fibrosis through up-regulating NRF2 and down-regulating Gal-3 expression in lung tissues. These results suggest that Gal-3 regulates TGF-β1-induced pro-fibrogenic responses and ROS production in FMD, and MT activates NRF2 to block FMD process by down-regulating Gal-3 expression. This study provides a useful clue for a clinical strategy to prevent PF.

The performance of a recycling process for CO2capture and utilization of exhaust gas in the steelmaking plant was reported. A facility capable of capturing CO2at 3200 m3/h was established in the steelmaking plant, resulting in the CO2production of 50,000 t/a. The CO2concentration of the exhaust gas from the lime kiln increased from 25.0 to 99.8 vol.% using the comprehensive method of the pressure swing adsorption and cryogenic separation. The captured and purified CO2was successfully applied in the converter process by the top blowing and bottom blowing. The utilization of CO2was 3.5 m3/t through these two modes. After optimizing parameters of CO2–O2mixed top blowing, the value of [C] × [O] and the content of TFe in slag were reduced by 1.33 × 10−4and 1.27%, respectively, and the dephosphorization rate of the molten steel increased by 2.31%. For the CO2bottom blowing, the [N] content in the molten steel was significantly reduced by 5.7 × 10−6.

Postsynthetic modification (PSM) of the metal–organic framework (MOF) has been demonstrated to be an effective strategy to enhance performance. In this particular work, the anion framework Mn-MOF{[Mn3O(H2O)3(HTC)]2–} (HTC6–= (5′-(3,5-dicarboxyphenyl)-[1,1′:3′,1″-terphenyl]-3,3″,5,5″-tetracarboxylate] was obtained, and NH2(CH3)2+ions were filled within the pores to balance the charge. In order to release the internal pores of Mn-MOF, the trivalent Fe(III) was introduced instead of Mn(II) nodes, resulting in the porous Mn1–xFex-MOF, and the NH2(CH3)2+ions were simultaneously deported from the pores. The content of Fe(III) in Mn1–xFex-MOFwas highly dependent on the concentration of Fe(III) solution, and the maximum could be up to Mn0.05Fe0.95-MOFwith a BET surface area of 1209.457 m2g–1. Compared to the amorphization of dense Mn-MOFat 0.8 GPa in a diamond anvil cell, the mechanical stability of porous Mn0.05Fe0.95-MOFhas been dramatically enhanced, and the framework integrity could be maintained up to 16.5 GPa. The proton conductivity for the Mn1–xFex-MOFseries was also investigated, where Mn0.93Fe0.07-MOFshowed the best performance of 1.47 × 10–2S cm–1under 70 °C and 98% RH due to the onset of reversed charge from the anionic framework to cationic framework and the formation of the most compact hydrogen bonding net. This work has not only provided an example for the PSM strategy but also illustrated that the versatile functionalities of MOF materials were mainly ascribed to the tunable porosity.

Room-temperature (RT) solid-state sodium-sulfur batteries (SSNSBs) are one of the most promising next-generation energy storage systems because of their high energy density, enhanced safety, cost-efficiency, and non-toxicity. While most of the studies for SSNSBs focused on designing and developing sulfur cathodes, we carve out a new path to understanding and modulating the structures and properties of sulfide solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) for achieving high-performance SSNSBs. A novel cation and anion co-doped approach was developed to enhance the ionic conductivity and expand the electrochemical stability of sulfide SSEs, and eventually improve the electrochemical performance of SSNSBs. The crystal structure and local structure of the cation/anion co-doped sulfide SSEs have been studied in detail combined with the density functional theory (DFT) calculations for mechanism understanding. SSNSBs incorporating co-doped sulfide SSEs demonstrate high capacity and stable cycling performance, even at high rates, which is at the top of the reported performances in the literature. Our novel approach for cation and anion-tuned SSEs demonstrates excellent ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability, paving a new way for the next generation of solid-state sodium batteries.

An asymmetric InAlGaN/GaN superlattice barrier structure without the first quantum barrier layer (FQB) is designed, and its effect on the optoelectronic performance of GaN-based green laser diode (LD) has been investigated based on simulation experiment and analytical results. It is found that, compared with conventional GaN barrier LD, device performance is significantly improved by using FQB-free asymmetric InAlGaN/GaN superlattice barrier structure, including low threshold current, high output power, and high photoelectric conversion efficiency. The threshold current of LD with novel structure is 16.19 mA, which is 22.46% less than GaN barrier LD. Meanwhile, the output power is 110.69 mW at an injection current of 120 mA, which is 16.20% higher compared to conventional LD, and the wall-plug efficiency has an enhancement of 9.5%, reaching 20.27%. FQB-free asymmetric InAlGaN/GaN superlattice barrier layer can reduce optical loss, suppress the polarization effect, and improve the carrier injection efficiency, which is beneficial to improve output power and photoelectric conversion efficiency. The novel epitaxial structure provides theoretical guidance and data support for improving the optoelectronic performance of GaN-based green LD.

The tuning of turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard (RB) convection in a box is realized numerically by designed rough element arrangement. Considering the nonlinear dynamics of the thermal turbulence system, five models with rough elements of different widths and the same height are proposed to tune the fluid flow heat-transport capacity. Numerical simulations are performed using spectral element method for Rayleigh number in the range 106≤ Ra≤ 109and a fixed Prandtl number Pr= 0.7. It is found that heat transport is enhanced for large roughness widths as the interaction between the large-scale circulation and secondary flows inside the cavity regions between the rough elements promotes the eruptions of thermal plumes, but is suppressed for small ones as more heat are trapped inside the cavities. In all the rough models studied, different scaling exponents for the heat transport are identified and the influences of roughness arrangement on flow structure are studied.

Long-term treatment with adriamycin (ADR) is associated with higher incidences of cumulative cardiotoxicity manifest as heart failure. ADR-induced cardiomyopathy is characterized by extensive fibrosis that is caused by cardiac fibroblast activation. To date, however, no specific treatment is available to alleviate ADR-induced cardiotoxicity. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), a major enzyme responsible for methylation of arginine, regulates numerous cellular processes such as cell differentiation. In the present study we investigated the role of PRMT5 in cardiac fibrosis. Mice were administered ADR (3 mg/kg, i.p., every 2 days) for 2 weeks. We showed that aberrant PRMT5 expression was largely co-localized with α-SMA-positive activated cardiac fibroblasts in ADR-injected mice and in ADR-treated cardiac fibroblasts in vitro. PRMT5-overexpression exacerbated, whereas PRMT5 knockdown alleviated ADR-induced cardiac fibrosis in vivo and TGF-β1-induced cardiac fibroblast activation in vitro. We demonstrated that PRMT5-overexpression enhanced methylated-Smad3 levels in vivo and in vitro. Pretreatment with a specific PRMT5 inhibitor EPZ015666 (5 nM) or overexpression of a catalytically inactive mutant of PRMT5, PRMT5(E444Q), reduced PRMT5-induced methylation of Smad3, thus suppressing PRMT5-mediated cardiac fibroblast activation in vitro. Furthermore, ADR activated cardiac fibroblasts was depending on autocrine TGF-β1. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PRMT5 promotes ADR-induced cardiac fibrosis via activating cardiac fibroblasts, suggesting that it may be a potential therapeutic target of ADR-caused cardiotoxicity.

Ultrafast spectroscopy in the visible and mid-infrared is used to study the reaction dynamics of two light-triggered model peptides containing an azobenzene derivative as a switching element. One model peptide, the AzoTrpZip2, forms a β-hairpin structure in the cisform of the chromophore. This peptide is compared to the core structure consisting of the chromophore and the two flanking amino acid residues, used as a minimal model. This combination of experiments performed in different spectral ranges on peptides of different sizes allows for improved insight into light triggered reaction dynamics. The kinetics observed for the core structure are directly connected to the switching process of the chromophore and are finished on the 10 ps time scale. The trans-to-cisreaction of AzoTrpZip2, leading to the formation of the β-hairpin structure involves ultrafast processes on the 100 ps time scale, which are directly related to the relaxation of the strain between the isomerized molecular switch and the two peptide strands. IR-signatures characteristic for changes in interstrand interactions are absent on the <1 ns time scale. Thus folding into the β-hairpin structure occurs on a much longer time scale. In the cis-to-transunfolding reaction, all IR signatures related to changes in interstrand interactions occur within 1 ns, in a time range where visible spectroscopy reveals the final decay of the intramolecular strain. Apparently unfolding of AzoTrpZip2 is to a large extent a fast, driven process.

Degrading ciprofloxacin (CIP)-polluted water has recently emerged as an urgent environmental issue. This study introduced mechanochemical treatment (MCT) as an innovative and underexplored approach for the degradation of CIP in water. The influence of various additives (CaO, Fe2O3, SiO2, Al, and Fe) on CIP degradation efficiency was investigated. Additionally, six types of composite additives (Fe–CaO, Fe–Fe2O3, Fe–SiO2, Fe–Al, Al–SiO2, and Al–CaO) were explored, with the 20% Fe–80% SiO2composite exhibiting notable performance. The impacts of additive content, pH value, and co-existing ions on CIP degradation efficiency were investigated. Furthermore, the effectiveness of MCT in degrading other medical pollutants (norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and enrofloxacin) was verified. The transformations and changes in the crystal structure, oxidation state, microstructure, and morphology of the Fe–SiO2composite additive were characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy techniques. This study proposed a sigmoid trend kinetic model (the Delogu model) that better elucidates the MCT process. Three plausible degradation pathways were discussed based on intermediate substance identification and pertinent literature. This study not only establishes a pathway for the facile degradation of CIP pollutants through MCT but also contributes to advancements in wastewater treatment methodologies.

Several abundant but yet uncultivated bacterial groups exist in extreme iron- and sulfur-rich environments, and the physiology, biodiversity, and ecological roles of these bacteria remain a mystery. Here we retrieved four metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from an artificial acid mine drainage (AMD) system, and propose they belong to a new deltaproteobacterial order, CandidatusAcidulodesulfobacterales. The distribution pattern of Ca. Acidulodesulfobacterales in AMDs across Southeast China correlated strongly with ferrous iron. Reconstructed metabolic pathways and gene expression profiles showed that they were likely facultatively anaerobic autotrophs capable of nitrogen fixation. In addition to dissimilatory sulfate reduction, encoded by dsrAB, dsrD, dsrL, and dsrEFHgenes, these microorganisms might also oxidize sulfide, depending on oxygen concentration and/or oxidation reduction potential. Several genes with homology to those involved in iron metabolism were also identified, suggesting their potential role in iron cycling. In addition, the expression of abundant resistance genes revealed the mechanisms of adaptation and response to the extreme environmental stresses endured by these organisms in the AMD environment. These findings shed light on the distribution, diversity, and potential ecological role of the new order Ca. Acidulodesulfobacterales in nature.

A series of homochiral polyoxotitaniums from in situgenerated pyroglutamate was prepared. In addition, they display strong circular dichroism signals.

The effects of Sm and Zr amount on the properties of Mg-Cu-Sm-Zr alloys were systematically investigated. The results showed that the Mg99Cu alloy consist of-Mg matrix and Mg2Cu phase. After the addition of Sm and Zr, it was confirmed that Sm and Zr change the structure and distribution of Mg2Cu phase. In the meantime, the CuZr2 and CuSm phases which make a major contribution to mechanical properties were observed in the Mg-Cu-Sm-Zr alloys. The addition of Sm and Zr can also greatly refine the grains. The strength continuously increased due to the increase of Sm and Zr content. The elongation first increased within the range of 0-1.5%Sm 0-0.9%Zr, and the decreased. The alloys with 0.5wt%Sm and 1.9wt%Zr had the best combination of mechanical properties.

Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) plays a key role in the regulation of life activities. Here, we reported a protein from Synechocystissp. PCC 6803 and annotated as Slr0280. To obtain a water-soluble protein, we deleted the N-terminus transmembrane domain and named it Slr0280Δ. Slr0280Δ with high concentration can undergo LLPS at a low temperature in vitro. It belongs to the phosphodiester glycosidase family of proteins and has a segment of a low-complexity sequence region (LCR), which is thought to regulate the LLPS. Our results show that electrostatic interactions impact the LLPS of Slr0280Δ. We also acquired the structure of Slr0280Δ, which has many grooves on the surface with a large distribution of positive and negative charges. This may be advantageous for the LLPS of Slr0280Δ through electrostatic interactions. Furthermore, the conserved amino acid (arginine at position 531) located on the LCR is important for maintaining the stability of Slr0280Δ as well as LLPS. Our research indicated that the LLPS of proteins can be transformed into aggregation by changing the surface charge distribution.

Lactoferrin (LTF), a multifunctional glycoprotein of the transferrin family mainly found in exotic secretions in mammals, is an important defense molecule against not only microbial invasion but also tumors. It folds into two globular domains (N- and C-lobes) each containing an iron-binding site. The cationic antimicrobial peptide in N-lobe is known to exert anti-tumor effect via a non-receptor-mediated pathway. However, whether LTF C-lobe also contributes to its anti-tumor activity remains to be investigated. In this study, a human LTF fragment (amino acid residues 343–682) covering the C-lobe was expressed with a histidine tag in E. coliand the purified polypeptide refolded through a series of buffer changing procedure. The resultant recombinant protein caused significant growth arrest of breast carcinoma cells MDA-MB-231 in a dose- and time-dependent manner, evidently via induction of apoptosis of the cell. Our data suggest a positive role for the C-lobe of human LTF in controlling tumors in vitro.

This paper introduces a new concept about pressure coupling in dual hydraulic motor synchronizing driving system. The mathematic models of systems are established in together-drive mode where two hydraulic motors together drive one common load and peer-to-peer mode where two motors drive one load respectively. Based on these mathematic models, a simulation analysis is conducted to probe the influence exerted by pressure coupling on the frequency response and the model consistency of two hydraulic motors, which gets verified by simulations and experiments later. The results show that pressure coupling reconstructing mathematic models of systems improves the model consistency of two motors and ameliorates synchronization performances.

Two pH-responsive block glycopolymers, poly (ethylene glycol)-b-Poly (2- (diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate-co-2-gluconamidoethyl methacrylate) (PEG113-b-P(DEA55-co-GAMA12)) and poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly (2-(diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate)-b-poly (2-gluconamido ethyl methacrylate) (PEG113-b-PDEA55-b-PGAMA15), were synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) by directly or successively polymerization of GAMA and DEA monomers using a PEG-based macroinitiator, respectively, without protecting group chemistry. Those block glycopolymers were confirmed by proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), and their self-assembly behaviors were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Zeta-potential. The results show both synthetic block glycopolymers were dissolved molecularly in aqueous solution at acidic pH (such as pH 3), thus it can reversibly convert to be two-layer micelles comprising DEA and GAMA cores, PEG coronas with size of around 50 nm, or micelles comprising DEA cores, GAMA and PEG outer coronas with bigger size of 70 nm for PEG113-b- P(DEA55-co-GAMA12) and PEG113-b-PDEA55-b-PGAMA15), respectively, at basic condition. Both glycopolymers have the micellization process at middle pH (pH 6-8), but possess different isoelectric points (pIs) (at pH 8.0 and 7.8) for their pH responsive block of PEG113-b-P(DEA55-co-GAMA12) and PEG113-b-PDEA55-b-PGAMA15 with DEA-co-GAMA random structure or DEA chain only, respectively. This study not only reveals the self-assembly of pH responsive block glycopolymers with different architectures by fixing similar degree polymerization (DP) of their blocks, but also provides a tool to investigate pH induced dynamic covalent interaction between glycopolymers and phenylboronic acid derivatives or a light for designing novel drug delivery carriers.

As its highly adsorption ability, iron-aluminum binary oxide (Fe-Al binary oxides) can adsorb heavy metals in the environment. The objective of this study was to tese the adsorption effect of Fe-Al binary oxide on heavy metal copper in different conditions. Result showed that with the temperature increased, the adsorption amount of Cu by Fe-Al oxides also increased. The experimental results can fitted well with Freundlich equation; When pH &lt; 7, the adsorption quantity increased with pH increasing, when pH > 7, adsorption quantity is close to a constant value. At the beginning of the reaction stage (0~120 min), adsorption of Cu increased rapidly, then adsorption quantity of Cu gradually become smaller, and eventually reached balance.

A rigid-elastic coupling multi-body dynamic model of an in-wheel motor vehicle with double pivot suspension was established. The steering effort performance is analyzed. Results showed an excessive steering force of the vehicle with double pivot suspension. By optimizing the suspension parameters using response surface surrogate model and genetic algorithm, the characteristic of steering effort was improved.

Due to the complexity of bed form morphology and dune movement, this paper selected a series of 2-D asymmetric dunes in order to address the development of a flow region associated with velocity profile characteristics and sediment incipient motion under shallow water condition. Experiments were conducted over four asymmetric dunes of one crest length (4 m), two crest height (0.3m,0.4m) and two uniform sediments with mean grain sizes D=0.5 and 0.7 mm at the TianJin Research Institute For Water Transport Engineering, China. By using Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV), the instantaneous velocities were measured at four cross sections giving a total of 16 measured profiles. The variations of velocity profile along the flow affected by the wavy bottom have been studied. The results show that the effect of flow acceleration plays an important role in governing incipient motion over dunes.

This article in view of the present large complex planee parts due to large size,complicated structure, detection method and technical route problem affecting precision and difficult to achieve part, through the use of advanced portable measuring equipment (Metronor light pen measuring instrument, laser scanner and laser tracker device) and product 3D model information to build a reasonable detection technology platform, in view of the different components of the inspection requirements and purposes, using different method to creat the datum, measurement and the assistant tools of different detection technology route, solved the aircraft large, complex parts, assembly process control and quality control in product processing, the difficulty of assembly accuracy control, not only improves the precision of large parts quality and throughout the aircraft parts manufacturing and assembly process reached the assembly efficiency high assembly quality requirements, meet the requirement of aircraft parts assembly process, for large, complex parts of aircraft digital detection technology to lay the solid foundation, further accelerate the process of the development of the current aircraft digital measurement adied assembly technology, improve the efficiency of product processing, lower the manufacturing cost.

The information extraction mode based on machining feature was presented for studying information extraction of part process model in the 3D CAPP system. The classification and its data structure of machining feature were investigated for defining the matching rule about the features. The feature authentication were availably fulfilled by converting the correlations of geometric topological into surface-edge adjacency graph for the part model, and the corresponding parameters extraction of feature were derived from traversing the feature tree of application development CATIA. The whole feature recognition process and parameter extraction process can become more directly and effectively by adopting the method of comparing machining feature with the predefined feature matching rules of the feature database.

With the rapid development of information technology, there are more and more computer rooms with power consumption. In this paper, we study the main problem that the present status of high energy consumption in data centers, we put forward the room resource dynamic scheduling problem. According to the approximate dynamic programming ideas of modeling room resource dynamic scheduling model is established, to solve the problem of heuristic rules. To meet the demand of the outside world, it reduces the condition of lower energy consumption, making for a period of time to achieve maximum room revenue.

The wear morphology of rake face and flank face of tool is investigated by turning titanium alloy TC4 with CBN solid tool. It has been observed that the main wear form of rake face and flank face of tool is groove wear. The relation between tool flank wear and cutting speeds, feed rate, and cutting depth obtained from experimental data is given.

A multi-body dynamic rigid-flexible coupling model of an in-wheel motor vehicle is built. This vehicle is based on a particular class-A car. An overall investigation of the influence of unsprung mass on vehicle ride comfort is conducted. With the increment of unsprung mass, overall vehicle ride comfort is decreased. The degradation of wheel dynamic load performance is most obvious. Suspension parameters are optimized based on the multi-body dynamic model of the vehicle and Response Surface Method. The suspension deflection and wheel dynamic load of the vehicle using optimized suspension parameters are improved significantly, while the body vertical acceleration increased slightly.

A double pivot suspension used for in-wheel motor electric vehicle was designed, and the virtual prototype model of the suspension assembly was build. The suspension parameters changed greatly during steering. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposed a non-linear response surface model to fit the relationship of suspension parameters and design variables. An optimization scheme was designed based on the response surface model. The suspension performance was improved significantly using optimized variables.

With the development of game industry, the requirements of game AI are also increasing. Recently a planning formalism called HTN (Hierarchical Task Network) was used to design AI behaviors. In this paper we describe how to implement an anytime planner based on HTN to handle a dynamic environment, which is the key feature of computer game worlds. This planner allows agent to interrupt its sequence of actions at anytime based on the changes of environment meanwhile return a valid replacement plan. We use Unreal Tournament 2004 which is a famous first-person shooter game as the platform and test our anytime planner.

With the development of technology and enterprise information resources utilization improving system reliability requirements, cloud computing is becoming more and more widely used. To improve the tobacco resource utilization of a lot of information and increase reliability of resource platform, this article is based on cloud computing technology, to research the use of virtualization technology on tobacco cloud computing platform architecture carried on the system design, and studies the tobacco cloud management platform, based on effective control of tobacco information resource utilization and energy consumption, to improve the reliability of the resource platform, having the vital significance to the development of the tobacco industry.

In order to prepare an anaerobic adhesive which has a good heat resistance, the epoxy acrylate of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSEA) -containing was synthesized and was used as a as main composition of adhesive monomers. The anaerobic adhesive was prepared from POSSEA, 2-hydroxyethylacrylate, acrylate, and selecting a suitable redox initiating system. The correlated properties were determined by DSC, TGA, so on. The results show that the appeared reaction order of curing reaction was 0.87 and activation energy Ea was 59.9 kJ/mol. The initial degradation temperature of this adhesive is 302 oC, and followed first order kinetics. The adhesive shear strength of steel plate is 24.6MPa. The results indicated that this anaerobic adhesive has well bonding strength and high temperature resistance property.

This paper presents the result from a study of Galvanostatic Pulse Technique for determining the corrosion rate of steel in reinforced concrete. The investigation to the condition factors and instrument parameter that significantly influence the testing result of the current pulse technique in on-site measurements is made in this paper. Firstly standard specimens which have different thickness of concrete cover and NaCl adding content were prepared, and instruments (CorroMap TM) for field measurement of corrosion rate of steel in reinforced concrete are selected for testing. From the study we can conclude that Icorr increased with the decreasing of the thickness of the concrete cover and the adding content of NaCl to the concrete when casting with non-linear rule, and an anodic pulse of 50 μA with pulse duration of 10 seconds is appropriate for testing both passive and active area of rebar.

In order to insure the safe running of wind turbine in high efficiency under the premise of lowest maintenance cost, preventive maintenance cycles need to be determined reasonable. In this paper, the special operation environment, complicated fault type and diversified situation of wind turbine are full considered, preventive maintenance cycle decision making optimization model is established under the minimum maintenance cost and availability constraints. Finally, gear box system is taken as an example for analysis and calculation to show the feasibility and rationality of model, the results can provide scientific decision basis for planning maintenance of wind turbine.

Currently commercial vehicles technical condition database is isolated between provinces and vehicle model database is a big problem troubling test stations and repair enterprises. The article introduces implementation of the vehicle performance databases and database management software. This system orienting to 4 types of user (commercial vehicles administrative management departments, test stations of multiple performance, vehicle repair enterprises, and vehicle transportation enterprises.) has realized technical performance databases interconnection in 3 provinces and many thousands of records have been imported. 4 kinds of users can perform technical conditions inquiry, statistics and vehicle model inquiry. The system has been applied in 3 provinces for months and goes well. The database can solve the problems troubled test stations and repair enterprises for many years. Ultimately it can help the users to raise safety of commercial vehicles and reduce the probability of occurrence of traffic accidents.

California bearing ratio (CBR) test was carried out, CBR changing laws of different graded crushed rocks were analyzed, an aggregate gradation on the base of port was put forward, and its performances were verified through laboratory test. Test result shows that the main skeleton structure composed of the aggregate with diameter 19mm-4.75 mm has interlocked force, and the optimal mass fraction is 90%~65%. The aggregates with diameter 4.75mm-0.075mm have the effects of filling the void of main skeleton structure, whose optimal mass fraction is 10%-35%.And the optimal mass fraction of the aggregate with diameter 19mm-9.5 mm is 25%.When the optimum proportion of coarse aggregate to middle aggregate is 25:40, the CBR value of coarse-middle-fine combined aggregate reaches the highest point, and is more than 158.97%, and the ratio reached 377%. On this basis, the optimal aggregate gradation of graded broken stone is reference on design and construction of graded crushed rock on the base of port.

Drawing charts are odd work by adding a data source manually and setting other parameters such as border, legend etc in Excel. The key technologies and implementation methods of chart-automatic-drawing are described using embedded VBA Programming codes.

Test reports given by test institution are mostly stylized text. Editing such text is a hard and odd work. A method is introduced to implement report automatically creating based on VBA and Words template technology, such as bookmark, ChartObject etc. The method used in our engine performance test-bed laboratory works well and reduces report editing time form half a day to half an hour.

A non-fired brick were manufactured by solidification of modified dredged soils. A novel solidified agent based on industrial wastes was prepared. A typical manufacture process of the non-fired brick comprised of mixing, stirring, tamping and maintaining. Several tests and measurements were conducted according to Chinese Professional Standard and National Standard. The results showed that the non-fired brick exhibited excellent performances and low toxicity. The non-fired brick was found to be a suitable material for use in the civil architecture.

Soil is the most common discontinuous granular material in the geotechnical engineering and its physical and mechanical properties have obvious grain size effect. In view of the insufficient of classical continuum mechanics and existing discrete mechanics, the matrix-reinforcing particles cell element model of soil introduces to account for the grain size effect and microstructure of the soil; then, based on the rotation gradient theory, the elastic-plastic stress-strain relations of soil with grain size factor obtains; finally, using the principle of virtual work establishes the corresponding finite element method.

n recent years, using the hydraulic mud fill to carry out the reclamation construction actions has been an acceptable way to settle the contradiction between the scanty lands with the rapid industrial development in coastal regions. How to improve the ultra-soft foundation made of fresh hydraulic mud fill efficiently has been the crucial issue. This paper presents three reinforcement techniques in reclamation projects, and the applications are briefly introduced.

Aiming at the problem that the failure history data available from wind turbine are scarce and often accompanied with a high degree of uncertainty, the risk assessment using traditional failure mode and effects anaysis (FMEA) may not be well-suited. A wind turbine risk assessment method based on modified FMEA is proposed. The method introduces grey theory into traditional FMEA and use the degree of relation to rank risk level. The method is then used to assess the risk of a 1.5MW wind turbine. It is proved that this method can rank the risks of main failure modes.The assessment results can be used as a support for risk based maintenance decisions.

A popular harmonic current reduction method specifically is to increase the number of rectification pulses such as 18-pulse ATRU. This paper presents a 2-order Butterworth LC filter designed to suppress the DC output voltage ripple of the ATRU. And an EMI filter is designed to overcome the electromagnetic interference caused by the high frequency pulse load. Because of the same position and configuration, the same filter is verified in theory to achieve both purposes. Finally, a simulation model of 18-pulse ATRU is built and the two filter's characteristics in the time domain are tested and analyzed.

Vacuum circuit breaker is one of the major critical components that controls and protects the power system. The breaking capability of the vacuum switch directly affects the safety of the power system. However, the breaking capability of the vacuum switch is determined by the morphological characteristics of the vacuum arc images. In this paper, in order to research the variation of the vacuum arc, a high-speed CMOS camera system is used to collect the vacuum arc images within a short gap (7mm), the morphological characteristics of the vacuum arc images are extracted based on the digital image processing. At last, the variation of the arc is analyzed.

Taking the common fault to a certain type of short-wave radio as an example, Bayesian network, expert system and BP neural network theory were used to construct three intelligent fault diagnosis models, respectively by Genie, CLIPS and MATLAB software simulation. The results show that the three intelligent fault diagnosis method compared with the traditional method, a rapid and accurate diagnostic performance model can be extended to other communications and electronic equipment fault diagnosis.

The model of differential phase delay of same beam interferometry (SBI) is analyzed according to the requirement for the high accuracy ground based guidance and navigation of the lunar orbit rendezvous and docking mission. The differential phase delay measurement model of same beam interferometry is propagated based on the same wave front definition of very long baseline interferometry (VLBI). An accurate differential phase delay closure algorithm of same beam interferometry is derived based on the definition of the same wave front of SBI and the geometry delay closure algorithm of VLBI. The value of differential phase delay closure is calculated by using the observation data of the SELENE mission of Japan, and the result shows that the accuracy of differential phase delay closure is in the range of 0.5 ~ 1ps. The algorithm given in the paper could evidently reduce tends of differential phase delay closure, and the validity of the measurement model is verified in this paper. It is of some significance for high accuracy ground-based navigation of the forthcoming lunar orbit rendezvous and docking mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several key techniques are validated by Chang' E-2 (CE-2), including the direct transfer trajectory to moon and the lunar orbit insertion maneuver at 100km altitude, etc. Then, an extended mission to sun-earth Lagrangiah point L2 was carried out. For new characteristics of the trajectories, mission design and orbit determination strategy are presented. Based on post-processed precision ephemeris, the orbit determination and prediction accuracy of pre-maneuvers is evaluated and fast assessments of post-maneuvers are performed. Based on orbit determination results before lunar insertion, the 3-hour predicted position error of perilune is 1km and the velocity error is 0. 3m/s. A comparison of the orbit determination results with 3 different lunar potential field models is presented. The analysis of measurement residuals and post-processed ephemerides shows that RMS of the residuals using SGMlOOh is the maximal of all. Furthermore, orbit determination accuracy of the different types of measurements is evaluated for CE-2 extended mission. Measurement residuals are analyzed based on pre-TCM precision ephemeris. The RMS of data residuals including ranging, time-delay and time-delay rate are respectively 5m, 5ns and 1ps/s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACTPolysaccharide-encapsulated fungi are the chief source of diseases in immunocompromised hosts such as those infected with human immunodeficiency virus or neutropenia patients. Currently available polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines are mainly T cell dependent and are usually ineffective in weakened immune systems. In this study, laminarin, a well-characterized ß-1,3-glucan, was conjugated with a prokaryotically expressed recombinant fragment (amino acids [aa] 39 to 272) of calreticulin (rCRT/39–272), which exhibits extraordinarily potent immunogenicity and adjuvanticity in experimental animals. The resultant conjugate reserves the immunostimulatory effect of rCRT/39–272 on naïve murine B cells and is capable of eliciting anti-ß-glucan IgG (mostly IgG1) responses in not only BALB/c mice but also athymic nude mice. Laminarin-CRT-induced mouse antibodies (Abs) are able to bind with Candida albicansand inhibit its growth in vitro. In addition, vaccination with laminarin-CRT partially protects mice from lethal C. albicanschallenge. These results imply that rCRT/39–272 could be used as an ideal carrier or adjuvant for carbohydrate vaccines aimed at inducing or boosting IgG responses to fungal infections in immunodeficient hosts.

The article introduces implementation and application of management software of commercial vehicle’s technical performance database. This system orients to 4 types of user (commercial vehicles management departments, test stations of multiple performance, vehicle repair enterprises, and vehicle transportation enterprises). The system has imported many thousands of records and realized 3 provinces of technical conditions database’s interconnection and also has been applied in the 3 provinces for months. Vehicle model database can solve the problems which troubles test stations and repair enterprises for many years. The system can raise safety of vehicles and reduce the probability of occurrence of traffic accidents.

Due to highly complex and non-stationary operation condition, a dynamic wind turbine health condition evaluation approach based on multi-source information fusion is recommended. The uncertainty and incompletion of evaluation factors are fully considered, both qualitative and quantitative evidences are integrated. A case study is provided to illustrate the implementation process of the dynamic evaluation approach for wind turbine health condition. It is shown that the proposed approach offers a flexible and effective way of wind turbine health condition evaluation and the result can be used as a support for condition based maintenance decision.

In order to study the visual characteristics of the human eye on color-distinguishing threshold levels, an experiment, of which the results provide significant data reference and theoretical basis for improvement of color evaluation methods of printing products, was carried out with 20 observers whose visual characteristics are normal. The observers were provided 5 basic colors that the CIE recommended for color evaluation study, and the constant stimulation psychophysical method was used in the visual experiment. The color patches were printed out with small color threshold variations. The color-distinguishing thresholds and visual characteristics were obtained through the experiment. Results showed that the notable color threshold values of green and red patches were relative larger, indicating larger visual tolerances. It is also shown that the red region in CIELAB color space has the best uniformity to human eyes among the five colors.

In order to diagnose the arc shape and the plasma parameters of vacuum switching arc effectively, it is necessary to do digital image processing on the arc images. The noises interfere greatly in the digital image processing of the arc, it makes images fuzzy and submerges the characteristics of the images. In this paper, based on the methods of average filter, two dimensions wavelet filter, wiener filter, several images averaging filter and median filter are used to filter the salt and pepper noised arc images. Combined with the results, we have analyzed and compared the effects of different noises filtering methods.