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Interleukin (IL)-1alpha is a potent stimulator of prostaglandin production in bovine endometrium, and IL-1 affects plasminogen activator (PA) activity in several types of cells. In this study, we determined the effects of IL-1alpha and IL-1beta on production of the prostaglandins PGF2alpha and PGE2 and on PA activity in cultured bovine endometrial epithelial and stromal cells. We also determined the effects of PGE2 and PGF2alpha on PA activity in these cells. Finally, we used RT-PCR to examine the expression of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R) mRNA in cultured bovine endometrial cells. This analysis revealed that IL-1alpha mRNA was present only in the stromal cells, whereas IL-1beta and IL-1R mRNAs were present in both cell types. When cultured cells were exposed to IL-1alpha and IL-1beta at concentrations ranging from 0.006 to 3 nM for 24 h, IL-1alpha and IL-1beta were found to dose-dependently stimulate PGE2 and PGF2alpha production in stromal cells (P < 0.05) but not in epithelial cells. On the other hand, exposure to IL-1alpha and IL-1beta dose-dependently increased PA activity in the epithelial cells, whereas neither stimulated PA production in the stromal cells. When cells were exposed to IL-1alpha and IL-1beta at concentrations ranging from 0.06 to 3nM for 24 h, the two IL-1s differed in their effects on both PGE2 and PGF2alpha production in stromal cells and had significantly differed in their effects on PA activity in epithelial cells. Exposure to PGE2 and PGF2alpha did not affect PA activity in either stromal or epithelial cells (P > 0.05). Taken together, these results suggest the possibility that both IL-1alpha and IL-1beta are produced by the stromal cells, that IL-1beta is produced by the epithelial cells, and that IL-1beta is a far more potent stimulator than IL-1alpha of prostaglandin and PA production in cultured bovine endometrial epithelial and stromal cells.(poster)