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Seismic methods will be useful for future lunar near‐surface characterization, and high‐fidelity elastic models will be required to aid interpretation of seismic observations. To develop an elastic lunar near‐surface model, we performed ultrasonic velocity measurements of lunar regolith simulant at low confining pressure and developed a rock physics model calibrated to these measurements. Grain contact models based on Hertz‐Mindlin theory produce accurate results at high confining pressure (i.e., several hundred meters or more burial depth) but historically fail to predict observed velocities in unconsolidated media at low pressure. Therefore, we heuristically modified existing models to fit our measured data over a range of porosities and confining pressures. To compare with Apollo 14 and 16 active seismic experiments, we used our new heuristic rock physics model to produce lunar subsurface velocity profiles. We performed ray tracing through our velocity profiles to calculate seismic traveltime, which results in good agreement with first arrivals interpreted from the Apollo experiments. Our model suggests a slightly higher velocity‐pressure dependence than inferred from in situ measurements, which may be due to porosity reduction in the lunar regolith from impact‐induced and natural vibrations. Seismic velocity is the speed at which mechanical waves travel through planetary materials and is controlled by the physical properties of those materials such as density and compressibility. We have created a model that relates seismic velocity to depth and porosity under lunar conditions and have calibrated that model with laboratory measurements of lunar soil simulant at low pressure (i.e., near‐surface) conditions. Using this model, we can predict seismic velocity in the lunar subsurface and compare the modeled velocity with observations from Apollo active seismic experiments. Slight differences between our model and Apollo observations may be due to lower porosity in the lunar soil caused by vibrations from asteroid impact events and seismic quakes. We collected ultrasonic velocity measurements of lunar regolith simulant at low confining pressure to calibrate a rock physics modelOur rock physics model predicts shallow lunar seismic velocity in agreement with observations from the Apollo active seismic experimentsOur model may be used in future studies to predict lunar near‐surface seismic velocity under variable resource scenarios We collected ultrasonic velocity measurements of lunar regolith simulant at low confining pressure to calibrate a rock physics model Our rock physics model predicts shallow lunar seismic velocity in agreement with observations from the Apollo active seismic experiments Our model may be used in future studies to predict lunar near‐surface seismic velocity under variable resource scenarios

Context. Miras and long-period variables (LPVs) are radially pulsating, highly evolved stars on the Asymptotic Giant Branch. Because of peculiar conditions of this objects, their cool, extended atmospheres are ideal sites for the formation of dust particles. Carbon-rich circumstellar dust shells (CDSs) surrounding stars with high stellar luminosity, tend to become dynamically unstable. They develop a self-maintaining oscillatory pattern caused entirely by dust formation even without the additional input of mechanical momentum from the star (exterior κ-mechanism). Since this system obviously has an eigenmode, it is interesting to consider the interaction with an exterior mechanical force, i.e. the radial pulsation at the inner boundary.

Les auteurs exposent les recommandations de la Société française d’oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie de la face et du cou (SFORL) concernant la prise en charge des douleurs somatiques induites par les traitements des cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures (VADS). Ce chapitre de recommandation concerne la prise en charge de la douleur post-radiothérapie et post-chimiothérapie.

Les auteurs exposent les recommandations de la Société française d’oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie de la face et du cou (SFORL) concernant la prise en charge des douleurs somatiques induites par les traitements des cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures, et plus particulièrement les outils nécessaires à la définition et à l’évaluation initiale des différents types de douleurs.

Présenter les recommandations de la Société française d’oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie de la face et du cou (SFORL) concernant la prise en charge des douleurs somatiques induites par les traitements des cancers des voies aéro-digestives supérieures (VADS), et plus particulièrement la prise en charge de la douleur post-chirurgicale précoce et tardive.

Observing sites at the east-Antarctic plateau are considered to provide exceptional conditions for astronomy. The aim of this work is to assess its potential for detecting transiting extrasolar planets through a comparison and combination of photometric data from Antarctica with time series from a midlatitude site. During 2010, the two small aperture telescopes ASTEP 400 (Dome C) and BEST II (Chile) together performed an observing campaign of two target fields and the transiting planet WASP-18b. For the latter, a bright star, Dome C appears to yield an advantageous signal-to-noise ratio. For field surveys, both Dome C and Chile appear to be of comparable photometric quality. However, within two weeks, observations at Dome C yield a transit detection efficiency that typically requires a whole observing season in Chile. For the first time, data from Antarctica and Chile have been combined to extent the observational duty cycle. This approach is both feasible in practice and favorable for transit search, as it increases the detection yield by 12-18%.

Im Rahmen dieser Veröffentlichung werden Arbeiten zur Entwicklung von Spezialpolymeren für die integrierte Optik am Beispiel ausgewählter optischer Bauelemente (thermooptische Schalter und Arrayed Waveguide Gratings) dargestellt, insbesondere für die Langstreckendatenübertragung im Wellenlängenbereich um 1550 µm. Es wurden fluorierte Polyacrylate, Polycyanurate und triazinhaltige Reaktivpolymere untersucht. Within this paper the development of special polymers for their use in integrated optics is shown exemplarily for selected optical devices (thermooptical switches and arrayed waveguide gratings). Emphasis is put on long-range data transfer in a wavelength region around 1,550 µm. Fluorinated polyacrylates, polycyanurates and triazine-containing reactive polymers were investigated.

Abstract:  The current infrastructure of the communication has to be expanded rapidly due to the dramatic increase of data, that is transferred via the internet. The optical network technology is the most suitable technology for this demand. Not only glass fibres are required, but also a broad range of optical components like splitters, switches and multiplexers, which are usually produced in silica technology. Polymeric materials are becoming more and more interesting for these applications, since they e.g. promise lower power consumption and lower production costs than their silica based pendants. Polycyanurate ester resins are a relatively new class of high-performance polymers with outstanding properties, for example high thermal stability, low optical loss, low dielectric constant, good adhesion and amazing mechanical properties. This paper focuses on the optical loss of such materials at 1550 nm, in the optimisation for use in integrated optics and for the production of embedded waveguides.

A case is presented that shows Begg appliance management of an Angle Class II division 2 malocclusion. The judicious use of anchorage bends and Class II elastics enabled the successful treatment of the poor posterior and anterior relationships, at the same time addressing the chief complaint of crooked front teeth.

The nuclear hormone receptors called PPARs (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha, beta, and gamma) regulate the peroxisomal beta-oxidation of fatty acids by induction of the acyl-CoA oxidase gene that encodes the rate-limiting enzyme of the pathway. Gel retardation and cotransfection assays revealed that PPAR alpha heterodimerizes with retinoid X receptor beta (RXR beta; RXR is the receptor for 9-cis-retinoic acid) and that the two receptors cooperate for the activation of the acyl-CoA oxidase gene promoter. The strongest stimulation of this promoter was obtained when both receptors were exposed simultaneously to their cognate activators. Furthermore, we show that natural fatty acids, and especially polyunsaturated fatty acids, activate PPARs as potently as does the hypolipidemic drug Wy 14,643, the most effective activator known so far. Moreover, we discovered that the synthetic arachidonic acid analogue 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid is 100 times more effective than Wy 14,643 in the activation of PPAR alpha. In conclusion, our data demonstrate a convergence of the PPAR and RXR signaling pathways in the regulation of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation of fatty acids by fatty acids and retinoids.

Abstract—Upper central and lateral incisors of three human skulls were used to assess radiographically the possibility of detecting cavities of Merent sizes and locations, drilled to simulate external root resorptions. The sequence of radiographs was evaluated by three endodontists, who were unaware of the experiment being done, using a 2 X magnifier. The first observation was done without comparing the radiographic images of the different cavities with the preoperative radiograph. For the second round of observation, each sequence was compared with the preoperative X‐ray. The results showed that small cavities were more difficult to detect than the medium and large ones. Moreover, cavities located on the proximal surfaces were more easily detected than those located on the buccal surfaces. Finally, when the observers could compare with the preoperative radiographs (second round of observation), the rate of detection was considerably higher.

The mechanism by which proteins accumulate in the cell nucleus is not yet known. Two alternative mechanisms are discussed here: (a) selective unidirectional entry of karyophilic proteins through the nuclear pores, and (b) free diffusion of all proteins through the nuclear pores and specific binding of nuclear proteins to nondiffusible components of the nucleoplasm. We present experiments designed to distinguish between these alternatives. After mechanical injury of the Xenopus oocyte nuclear envelope, nuclear proteins were detected in the cytoplasm by immunohistochemical methods. In a second approach, nuclei from X. borealis oocytes were isolated under oil, the nuclear envelopes were removed, and the pure nucleoplasm was injected into the vegetal pole of X. laevis oocytes. With immunohistochemical methods, it was found that each of five nuclear proteins rapidly diffuses out of the injected nucleoplasm into the surrounding cytoplasm. The subsequent transport and accumulation in the intact host nucleus could be shown for the nuclear protein N1 with the aid of a species-specific mAb that reacts only with X. borealis N1. Purified and iodinated nucleoplasmin was injected into the cytoplasm of Xenopus oocytes and its uptake into the nucleus was studied by biochemical methods.

The nuclear factor I (NFI) family consists of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins that activate both transcription and adenovirus DNA replication. We have characterized three new members of the NFI family that belong to the Xenopus laevis NFI-X subtype and differ in their C-termini. We show that these polypeptides can activate transcription in HeLa and Drosophila Schneider line 2 cells, using an activation domain that is subdivided into adjacent variable and subtype-specific domains each having independent activation properties in chimeric proteins. Together, these two domains constitute the full NFI-X transactivation potential. In addition, we find that the X. laevis NFI-X proteins are capable of activating adenovirus DNA replication through their conserved N-terminal DNA-binding domains. Surprisingly, their in vitro DNA-binding activities are specifically inhibited by a novel repressor domain contained within the C-terminal part, while the dimerization and replication functions per se are not affected. However, inhibition of DNA-binding activity in vitro is relieved within the cell, as transcriptional activation occurs irrespective of the presence of the repressor domain. Moreover, the region comprising the repressor domain participates in transactivation. Mechanisms that may allow the relief of DNA-binding inhibition in vivo and trigger transcriptional activation are discussed.

Orphan receptors of the FTZ-F1-related group of nuclear receptors (xFF1r) were identified in Xenopus laevis by isolation of cDNAs from a neurula stage library. Two cDNAs were found, which encode full length, highly related receptor proteins, xFF1rA and B, whose closet relative known so far is the murine LRH-1 orphan receptor. xFF1rA protein expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus system specifically binds to FTZ-F1 response elements (FRE; PyCAAGGPyCPu). In cotransfection studies, xFF1rA constitutively activates transcription, in a manner dependent on the number of FREs. The amounts of at least four mRNAs encoding full-length receptors greatly increase between gastrula and early tailbud stages and decrease at later stages. At early tailbud stages, xFTZ-F1-related antigens are found in all nuclei of the embryo.

1. Penetrating defects were cut in the femora of twenty-five albino rats. In fifteen of the animals the defects in the right legs were protected with cellulose-acetate shields while those in the left legs were unprotected and allowed to heal as controls. In the remaining ten animals the defects in both legs were protected with shields made of homogenous organic bone.2. New bone was found to proliferate into the concavity of the shields in most of the animals and this protruded beyond the contour of the femur. The development of the protuberance appeared to depend upon the degree to which the shield was adapted to the femoral surface.3. The cellulose-acetate shield was not removed by the host, but the homogenous organic bone was actively resorbed; multinucleated giant cells were associated with this process.4. There are indications that the maintenance of the protuberance is dependent upon the continued presence of the shield. Exostoses protected by intact cellulose-acetate shields have been recognised up to eighteen months after operation.5. The function of the shield in the formation of the bony protuberance is thought to be two-fold, in that it protects the haematoma from invasion by non-osteogenic extra-skeletal connective tissue, and that it governs the size of the haematoma and prevents its distortion by the pressure of the overlying soft tissue.

The effect of halothane anaesthesia on catecholamine secretion from the adrenal medulla was investigated in cats which had received pentobarbital (30 mg/kg) as a basal anaesthetic agent. The concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the blood of the adrenolumbar vein were measured spectrofluorometrically.1.When cats inspired a halothane-air mixture (0.7%, 1.0% and 1.5% halothane), the spontaneous secretion of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla decreased in a concentration-dependent fashion. At 1.5% halothane the release of adrenaline amounted to only 26% and that of noradrenaline to only 12% of the original levels. The decrease in spontaneous catecholamine secretion was paralleled by a concentration-dependent fall in blood pressure.2.At 1.0% halothane the adrenaline and noradrenaline release evoked by splanchnic nerve stimulation decreased to 24% and 21% of control, respectively. A concentration of 1.5% halothane reduced the adrenaline and noradrenaline release to 15% and 7%, respectively.3.Finally we investigated the influence of halothane on the pressor effect of splanchnic nerve stimulation. Under 1.0% and 1.5% halothane, the pressor effect of splanchnic nerve stimulation was reduced by 32% and 52%, respectively. The pressor effect of a standard dose of noradrenaline (1 µg/kg) was, however, not significantly reduced by these halothane concentrations.4.In all series of experiments there were no changes of acid-base balance as compared to the original levels.

An athermal arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) multiplexer relying on an all-polymer approach is reported. The all-polymer AWG consisting of polymer waveguides fabricated on a polymer substrate exhibits excellent performance. By properly adjusting the coefficient of thermal expansion of the polymer substrate, athermal and polarisation-independent AWG devices featuring a wavelength shift of less than ±0.05 nm in the 25-65°C temperature range could be demonstrated.

Le pémétrexed est un agent antinéoplasique anti-métabolite agissant en tant qu’analogue de l’acide folique. Il est indiqué dans le traitement des cancers pulmonaires non à petites cellules. Nous rapportons le cas d’un patient ayant eu une toxicité cutanée sévère induite par ce médicament.

DURING the past two years I have been investigating experimentally and histologically the relationship between stresses upon the skull, especially its sutures, caused by and transmitted through the masticatory apparatus.

Context.Long-period variables (LPVs) and Miras exhibit a pronounced variability in their luminosity with a more or less well-defined period, and they suffer large mass loss in the form of stellar winds. Owing to this extensive mass loss, they are surrounded by extended circumstellar dust shells (CDSs). The dynamics of these envelopes is the result of a complex interplay via an external excitation by the pulsating central star, dust formation, and radiative transfer.

The article presents the poem "Will You Waltz?," by C. W. Dreyer. First Line: Will you waltz? Will you rise from; Last Line: with me?

DEMINERALIZATION of specimens for the preparation of histological sections is a time-consuming process. Mineral acids demineralize the specimens faster than chelating agents or organic acids, but the resultant distortion in cellular morphology is greater when mineral acids are used. The rate of demineralization depends mainly on the temperature and concentration of the acid, but since cellular definition and enzymes are adversely affected if the temperature is raised, or when the concentration of the acid is increased, demineralization is usually carried out below or at room temperature and a concentration of mineral acid above 5 per cent of commercial nitric acid (55 per cent) is seldom used. Under these conditions even small specimens of bone must be immersed in acid for days before they are completely demineralized. For teeth, the period of time runs into weeks.