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AimsOur aim was to describe the mid-term appearances of the repair process of the Achilles tendon after tenotomy in children with a clubfoot treated using the Ponseti method.Patients and MethodsA total of 15 children (ten boys, five girls) with idiopathic clubfoot were evaluated at a mean of 6.8 years (5.4 to 8.1) after complete percutaneous division of the Achilles tendon. The contour and subjective thickness of the tendon were recorded, and superficial defects and its strength were assessed clinically. The echogenicity, texture, thickness, peritendinous irregularities and potential for deformation of the tendon were evaluated by ultrasonography.ResultsThe appearance of the Achilles tendon was slightly abnormal, with more thickening and less conspicuous contours than a normal tendon. Its strength was grossly normal, with no insufficiency of the triceps surae. Ultrasonographic findings revealed a mild fusiform thickening in 12 children (80%). The tissue at the site of the repair had a slightly hypoechoic, fibrillar quality with hyperechoic striation and the anterior contour was irregular and blurred. There was a focal narrowing within the healing tissue in two children.ConclusionThis mid-term evaluation of the ability of the Achilles tendon to repair after division suggests a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. There were minor abnormalities which did not appear to affect function.Cite this article: Bone Joint J2017;99-B:139–44.

We report on exploratory calculations of triply differential cross sections for (e, 2e) reactions on atomic clusters carried out in the first order Born approximation. Using a jellium model description of the target, reasonable agreement with recent experimental data for C60ionization obtained by Vos et al. (Phys. Rev. B 56, 1309 (1996)) is obtained.

AbstractDrawdown of Lake Mead from 1998 to 2011 reduced the lake's perimeter by more than 400 km while exposing more than 25,000 ha of formerly submerged land. To evaluate primary plant succession and soil properties in this new shoreline habitat, we sampled surfaces last submerged 3, 6, 9, or 13 years before sampling (including a never-submerged control) using 150, 100 m2plots at 3 sites varying in topography and soil parent material. Consistent with previous research, abundance of the exotic saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima) declined with increasing surface age. Conversely, cover of native species was greatest overall on older surfaces across sites. Early successional native perennial species colonized the 13-year-old surface. Unexpectedly, multivariate soil properties did not differ between never-submerged and formerly submerged surfaces. Based on the first 13 years of plant colonization along the Lake Mead shoreline and previous research on longer term Mojave Desert vegetation succession, managers can likely anticipate (1) continued development of an early colonizing native shrubland persistent for several decades, and (2) eventual colonization by species of the mature vegetation inhabiting never-submerged surfaces. Moreover, we observed colonization of formerly submerged land by a rare plant of special conservation designation, California bearpoppy (Arctomecon californica), suggesting that even after many years of submersion, rare plant habitat along the Lake Mead shoreline may be reclaimed. While Lake Mead's drawdown might be viewed negatively from a perspective of maintaining full-pool water storage, it has re-exposed a vast area of new terrestrial habitat increasingly colonized by native species as invasive species abundance declines through time.

Fire is a major process in many ecosystems. Knowledge of fire effects on soils is fundamental to making informed land management decisions to meet objectives such as ecological restoration and promoting C sequestration. We assessed 30, 0 to 5 cm soil properties in interspaces (between shrubs) on 32 wildfires, each paired with their own unburned area and ranging in time since fire (TSF) from 2 to 29 yr, in the Mojave Desert. We analyzed relationships of soil properties to burn status (burned or unburned), TSF, and plant community type (blackbrush, Coleogyne ramosissimaTorr., and creosote bush, Larrea tridentata[Sessé & Moc. ex DC.] Coville, representing predominant Mojave Desert communities). Organic C and total N were two key properties significantly related to fire, being 25 and 44% greater in burned than unburned areas. Few soil properties exhibited a burn × TSF interaction, indicating that fire presence/absence alone was important. Coleogynecommunities displayed greater overall difference between burned and unburned soils than did Larreacommunities. Results suggest that: (i) burned areas had significantly greater soil C and total N than unburned areas across communities on this desert landscape, (ii) burned and unburned soils overall were more different in Coleogynethan in Larreacommunities, and (iii) TSF was not strongly related to soil properties.

Exchange-correlation energy functionals depending on the Kohn-Sham orbitals and eigenvalues resolve some of the well-known deficiencies of the local density and generalized gradient approximations. Such functionals can be derived in first-principles fashion by use of standard many-body techniques, if the Kohn-Sham Hamiltonian is utilized as non-interacting reference Hamiltonian. In this way one can establish an exact relation for the exchange-correlation functional, which opens several routes for the derivation of approximate functionals. Straightforward expansion in powers of the electron-electron coupling constant gives, to first order, the exact exchange of density functional theory and, to second order, a correlation functional which has the same structure as the second order Møller-Plesset term. This simplest first-principles correlation functional reproduces both the shell structure in the exact correlation potential and dispersion forces. On the other hand, it overestimates all correlation effects and is variationally instable for systems with a very small HOMO-LUMO gap. Both deficiences can be resolved by partial resummation of the Kohn-Sham perturbation expansion. In this contribution two such resummations are discussed, a minimum form designed to address the variational instability at no computational cost (based on the Epstein-Nesbet diagrams) and a more systematic variant (based on the ring diagrams).

We review the progress in the recent development of the relativistic optimized effective potential (ROEP) method within spin-density functional theory. The ROEP-equations for spin-polarized systems are derived and their application to open-shell atoms using the exact exchange approximation for the exchange correlation-functional is presented. Further, we expand the ROEP framework to treat extended systems within the KKR-multiple scattering formalism. We illustrate the application of the theory to open-shell free atoms and solids.

The goal of this study was to characterise the surface properties of completely degradable composite, polylactic acid and calcium phosphate glass, scaffolds. The composite scaffolds are made by solvent casting or phase-separation, using chloroform and dioxane as a solvent respectively. The surface properties were measured on composite films which were made using the same procedure as for the three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds without the pore-creating step. The surface morphology, roughness, wettability and protein adsorption capacity of the films was measured before and after sterilisation with ethylene oxide. The results reveal the influence of solvent type, glass weight content and sterilisation on the wettability, surface energy and protein adsorption capacity of the materials. The addition of glass particles increase the hydrophylicity, roughness and protein adsorption capacity of the surface. This effect, however, depends on the extent of the coating of the glass particles by the polymer film, which is much higher for dioxane films than for chloroform films. This information can be used to interpret and understand the biological behaviour of the 3D scaffolds made of this composite materials.The goal of this study was to characterise the surface properties of completely degradable composite, polylactic acid and calcium phosphate glass, scaffolds. The composite scaffolds are made by solvent casting or phase-separation, using chloroform and dioxane as a solvent respectively. The surface properties were measured on composite films which were made using the same procedure as for the three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds without the pore-creating step. The surface morphology, roughness, wettability and protein adsorption capacity of the films was measured before and after sterilisation with ethylene oxide. The results reveal the influence of solvent type, glass weight content and sterilisation on the wettability, surface energy and protein adsorption capacity of the materials. The addition of glass particles increase the hydrophylicity, roughness and protein adsorption capacity of the surface. This effect, however, depends on the extent of the coating of the glass particles by the polymer film, which is much higher for dioxane films than for chloroform films. This information can be used to interpret and understand the biological behaviour of the 3D scaffolds made of this composite materials.

Transformation temperatures and mechanical properties such as transformation stresses at different temperatures and the superelasticity have been investigated in NiTiCu alloys with various Copper concentrations. The results have been compared with the conventional NiTi alloys. The addition of copper was effective to narrow the stress hysteresis and to stabilize the superelasticity characteristics. Moreover, it produced greater stability on both the transformation temperatures and the forces applied to the different tissues. However, the studies of cell cultured with human fibroblasts showed certain toxicity.

Background & Aims: Dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) is associated with diminished duodenal HCO"3^- secretion, despite a reported lack of clinical duodenal ulceration in affected subjects. We hypothesized that duodenal epithelial cells expressing a mutant CFTR have enhanced resistance to acid-induced injury. To test this hypothesis, we measured duodenal epithelial cell intracellular pH (pH"i), injury, and acid back-diffusion in response to a luminal acid challenge in transgenic mice. Methods: A murine colony was established for the CFTR @DF508 (@DF) mutation. Epithelial cell pH"i was measured by microscopy with a trapped, fluorescent pH-sensitive dye in living C57BL/6 and @DF/@DF, +/@DF, and +/+ mice. In vivo confocal microscopy confirmed the localization of the dye in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells. Epithelial injury was measured fluorometrically using propidium iodide. Duodenal epithelial bicarbonate secretion and proton permeability were measured by back-titration. Bicarbonate secretion and acid back-diffusion were measured in a perfused duodenal loop. Results: Basal and post-acid exposure bicarbonate secretion were reduced in @DF/@DF mice, although acid back-diffusion was similar to controls. Epithelial pH"i of CFTR @DF/@DF mice during luminal acid exposure was significantly higher than pH"i in +/@DF, +/+, or C57BL/6 mice. Acid-related epithelial injury was markedly less in @DF/@DF mice in comparison with the other groups. Conclusions: Increased cellular buffering power of the epithelial cells of @DF/@DF mice likely protects against acidification and injury during acid exposure. We speculate that this protective mechanism partially underlies the perceived relative lack of peptic ulceration in patients affected by cystic fibrosis.

Physico-chemical and topographical surface quality of commercially pure titanium (c.p. Ti) dental implants is one of the most influencing factors in the improvement of their osseointegration. In this sense, previously, a two-step method (2S) for obtaining bioactive blasted-rough titanium surfaces was developed for improving short-term (due to its bioactivity) and long-term (due to its roughness) osseointegration. This 2S-method consists of: (1) Grit blasting on titanium surface in order to roughen it, and (2) thermo-chemical (TCh) treatment in order to obtain a bioactive surface with bone-bonding ability. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the in vitro human-osteoblast response (proliferation, differentiation – ALP activity- and cell morphology-studied by environmental scanning electron microscopy) of rough c.p. Ti (grit blasted), bioactive c.p. Ti (thermo-chemically treated) and rough-bioactive c.p. Ti (2S-treated). Different grit materials (Al2O3and SiC) have been used in order to investigate their influence. The results showed that cell adhesion was statistically higher for the rough and bioactive surfaces, whatever the grit used. Cells proliferated very well on all the c.p. Ti surfaces. If comparing groups with and without TCh (all other treatments being equal) the ALP was always higher in the groups with TCh, indicating stimulation of osteoblast differentiation because of TCh, more significantlly in the groups that were first blasted. Those ALP results were accompanied by a decrease in the value of proliferation, which shows the good behavior of the cells. This results suggest that a rough and bioactive-titanium surface obtained by 2S-treatment enhances adhesion and differentiation activity of human osteoblasts cells.

Gastroduodenal mucus may play a critical role in defending the epithelium from luminal acid and in the creation of a microenvironment suitable for H. pylori. We measured transmucus permeation of H+, HCO3−, and CO2with an in vitroperfusion chamber through freshly harvested or partially purified porcine gastric mucin. pH and CO2concentrations were measured with selective ion electrodes; HCO3−and CO2concentrations were derived. Viscosity was measured by rotational microviscometry. Mucin viscosity was directly related to concentration. There was a large variation in viscosity among native mucus from antrum, corpus, and duodenum. The highest viscosity was found in the antral mucus; duodenal mucus had the lowest. Diffusion coefficients of duodenal mucus for H+and HCO3−were significantly lower than those from corpus and antrum. CO2diffusion coefficients were invariant. In conclusion, despite large variations in viscosity, antral and corpus gastric mucus were similar in terms of ion diffusion. Surprisingly, the low viscosity duodenal mucus was a more potent barrier to ion diffusion than was gastric mucus. Consequently, duodenal mucus may play a more important role in inhibiting ion diffusion than its gastric counterpart.

Interactions between selected aroma compounds and non-volatile water-soluble molecules were studied using dynamic headspace-gas chromatography. A model water-soluble extract (MWSE), previously constructed in gustatory and physico-chemical accordance with the crude Camembert cheese WSE, allowed the contribution of non-volatiles to the headspace composition of volatile compounds to be assessed. The presence of the MWSE increased the headspace concentration of 2-heptanone, 1-octen-3-ol and 3-methylbutanol, showing that these three volatile compounds were released by MWSE. Omission tests performed on MWSE allowed for the impact of each MWSE component on aroma compounds release to be determined. The releasing influence of minerals appeared as the main effect observed for the three volatiles, despite some retention phenomena due to other MWSE components also occurring. In the case of 2-undecanone, 2-nonanol, 2,4-dithiapentane and ethylhexanoate, which were not affected by the presence of MWSE, some significant compensatory effects were observed. Whereas amino acids had no significant effect, minerals might cause their release and the presence of peptides can either decrease or increase headspace concentration of aroma compounds. Possible antagonistic effects between MWSE components are discussed.

Catalytically grown carbon nanofibers are a set of novel structures that are produced by the decomposition of selected carbon-containing gases over metal particles. These conformations consist of nanosized graphite platelets separated a distance of at least 0.34 nm and stacked in various orientations with respect to the fiber axis. Such an arrangement results in a unique structure that is composed of an infinite number of extremely short and narrow pores, suitable for the sequestering of small molecules. We have attempted to capitalize on this blend of properties by using such structures for the selective removal of organic contaminants from aqueous streams. Experimental results indicate that nanofibers possessing a structure in which the graphite platelets are aligned perpendicular to the fiber axis and possessing a high degree of structural perfection exhibit superior selective adsorption properties with respect to removal of alcohols from aqueous media over those displayed by active carbon. Adsorption was enhanced when the carbon nanofibers were initially subjected to a treatment in 1 M hydrochloric acid. In contrast, when this step was carried out in the presence of 1 M nitric acid, the beneficial properties of the nanofibers were effectively suppressed. An analogous series of experiments carried out with nanofibers possessing a structure in which the graphene layers were oriented at an angle with respect to the fiber axis did not result in the same degree of selective capture of the alcohols. A rationale is presented to account for this diverse pattern of behavior.

The concept of orbital‐ and eigenvalue‐dependent exchange‐correlation (xc) energy functionals is reviewed. We show how such functionals can be derived in a systematic fashion via a perturbation expansion, utilizing the Kohn–Sham system as a noninteracting reference system. We demonstrate that the second‐order contribution to this expansion of the xc‐energy functional includes the leading term of the van der Waals interaction. The optimized‐potential method (OPM), which allows the calculation of the multiplicative xc‐potential corresponding to an orbital‐ and eigenvalue‐dependent xc‐energy functional via an integral equation, is discussed in detail. We examine an approximate analytical solution of the OPM integral equation, pointing out that, for eigenvalue‐dependent functionals, the three paths used in the literature for the derivation of this approximation yield different results. Finally, a number of illustrative results, both for the exchange‐only limit and for the combination of the exact exchange with various correlation functionals, are given. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 20: 31–50, 1999

Concordant segregation of the expression of the a subunit of human hexosaminidase A, human mannosephosphate isomerase, and pyruvate kinase was observed in somatic cell hybrids between either thymidine kinase-deficient mouse cells or thymidine kinase-deficient Chinese hamster cells and human white blood cells carrying a translocation of the distal half (q22-qter) of the long arm of chromosome 15 to chromosome 17. A positive correlation was established between the expression of these human phenotypes and the presence of the distal half of the long arm of human chromosome 15.

Using somatic cell hybrids between TK-deficient mouse cells and white blood cells derived from a patient with a translocation of the region p21→pter of chromosome 17, we have assigned the gene for human GLO to region p21→pter of chromosome 6. Since the HLA region is only 10 cM distant from GLO, these results also confirm that the HLA region is located on the short arm of human chromosome 6.

Investigation of nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) in hematopoietic malignancies has indicated that the distribution and rearrangement of these regions may be more important in malignant tissues than is their number. In one of the few studies thus far reported on NORs in human solid tumors, we describe here Ag-NORs in a group of human testicular germ-cell tumors and the corresponding patients. Four of seven malignancies demonstrated consistent ectopic NORs; explanations could include chromosomal rearrangement (insertion?) or derepression of preexisting inactive NORs.

Statement of problem. Discoloration is a major disadvantage of resin veneers on telescopic dentures. In vitro color measurements with large and flat samples of resin veneer composites have been published, but no in vivo data are available. Purpose. This study describes the discoloration of resin veneers in vivo by use of spectrophotometry and the L*a*b* system of the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE). Methods. In a clinical evaluation of this technique, two composite veneer materials were compared in 18 patients. Results. Both brands discolored significantly after 1 year. While L* and a* were not changed significantly, b* and the total color difference @?E increased by approximately 2 units each year. No statistically significant differences were found between the materials. (J Prosthet Dent 1997;77:486-91.)

Abstract??The relevance of exchange effects for the stability of superheavy nuclei is examined within a linear QHD-II model by comparing Hartree-Fock with meanfield results. To allow a scan of the complete superheavy regime the recently developed local density approximation (LDA) for the exchange potential is employed for the Hartree-Fock level calculations. It turns out that, while many nuclear properties obtained with the LDA approach differ significantly from the corresponding mean-field results, the predictions of the two methods for shell closures are very similar. Furthermore, a comparison with a nonlinear variant of QHD-II shows that many nuclear properties obtained with the LDA in the framework of linear QHD-II are somewhere in-between the corresponding linear and nonlinear mean-field results. This indicates that the LDA exchange partially includes nonlinear contributions, which supports the interpretation of the meson self-coupling as a parametrization of many-body effects.

Bet v 1, the major allergen of birch pollen, displays a considerable degree of heterogeneity. Several charge variants have been detected by two-dimensional IgE immunoblots and isoelectric focusing techniques. This heterogeneity has been attributed to glycosylation (or other post-translational modifications) or to isogenes coding for Bet v 1 isoforms and/or allelic variants. However, until now, only limited structural data for Bet v 1 have been published. Recently, we described the expression, purification, and immunological properties of recombinant Bet v 1 (rBet v 1) produced in Escherichia coli as a non-fusion protein (Ferreira, F. D., Hoffmann-Sommergruber, K., Breiteneder, H., Pettenburger, K., Ebner, C., Sommergruber, W., Steiner, R., Bohle, B., Sperr, W. R., Valent, P., Kungl, A. J., Breitenbach, M., Kraft, D., and Scheiner, O. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 19574-19580). Here, we present a more detailed structural characterization of Bet v 1 by both cDNA cloning and mass spectrometry. Thirteen different cDNA clones coding for Bet v 1 isoforms were obtained by polymerase chain reaction amplification of birch pollen cDNA with a sequence-specific 5'-terminal primer and a nonspecific 3'-terminal primer or by immunological screening of a birch pollen cDNA library. These isoforms are referred to as Bet v 1b to Bet v 1n, whereas the previously isolated Bet v 1 cDNA (Breiteneder, H., Pettenburger, K., Bito, A., Valenta, R., Kraft, D., Rumpold, H., Scheiner, O., and Breitenbach, M. (1989) EMBO J. 8, 1935-1938) is now referred to as Bet v 1a. High performance liquid chromatography and plasma desorption mass spectrometry of proteolytic fragments of purified natural Bet v 1 (nBet v 1) and rBet v 1a were used to (i) confirm the primary structure of all Bet v 1 isoforms and (ii) to investigate any possible postsynthetic modifications on rBet v 1a or on the natural mixture of isoallergens obtained from birch pollen. Except for the cleavage of initiating methionine, no postsynthetic modifications were found in either nBet v 1 or rBet v 1a.

The mechanical stability of proximal femoral osteotomies fixed by the tension band wire technique was studied in flexion-compression and torsion tests. The fixation consisted in crossing the section with two Kirschner wires and with a wire cerclage applied to the tension surface. The study was conducted in three steps. First, cyclinders of wood were cut either transversely or at 30° of inclination in relation to the long axis of the specimen, and fixed with two Kirschner wires and a wire cerclage. We concluded that the inclination of the plane of section significantly increased the stability of fixation. No significant difference was observed when oblique sections were made in the reverse orientation. Second, 30° subtrochanteric varus osteotomies were performed in dog femurs, so that the section plane was transverse in one group and oblique in another, after closing the osteotomy. In both groups the fixation was achieved by two Kirschner wires that crossed the osteotomy and a wire cerclage placed on the lateral cortex (tension surface). We concluded that inclination of the osteotomy plane increased the stability of osteosynthesis in bone specimens, as already seen with the wood pieces. Third, the stability of tension band wire fixation was compared with that provided by the AO/ASIF paediatric angled plate. Varus osteotomies (30°) were created at the subtrochanteric level of paired dog femurs. On one side, the femur was fixed with Kirschner wires and a wire cerclage as described previously. For the other femur, the osteotomy was fixed with the angled plate. We found that both types of fixation presented the same stability in flexion-compression tests. However, under torsion the tension band wire fixation was 30%–50% less stable than the plate fixation.

Hybrids between A9 (HGPRT-) and B82 (TK-), mouse heteroploid fibroblast lines, were obtained through continuous cultivation and clonal selection; such hybrids showed marked segregation and by conventional stains displayed chromosome numbers and distribution similar to that of either parental type. Detailed analyses by Giemsa (G)- and centromeric-banding of these parental lines, and of 4 of the reduced hybrids, maintained in culture for up to 5 years, revealed the following points: (1) The distribution of the majority of individual chromosomal classes was similar for 3 of the hybrid cell lines. (2) Over two-thirds of the chromosomal arms in both the parental lines and hybrid lines were identical to normal mouse telocentric chromosomes. (3) For 2 of the hybrid lines, segregation was particularly marked with respect to those chromosomal arms whose G-banding patterns were identical to the wild-type genome; this indicated that segregation had occurred at the expense of redundant chromosomal material introduced by cell fusion. These banded studies demonstrated that segregation chiefly accounted for the sharp reduction in chromosome numbers while recombination accounted for the chromosome heterogeneity of the hybrid cells as compared to the parental genomes.

Patterns of chromosome segregation were studied in 2 different intraspecific mouse cell hybrids: (1) A9 × B82, formed by fusing 2 cell lines of heteroploid fibroblasts, and (2) UWE, originating from the fusion of A9 cells with euploid foetal erythrocytes. Detailed analyses of Giemsa (G)-banded chromosomes and chromosome arms of both parental and hybrid cells were made for each hybrid type, in order to determine the specificity of the losses and to assess the influence of ploidy and cell differentiation. Unlike the A9 × B82 hybrids, which revealed a significant chromosome loss under selective tissue culture pressures only after 9 months, the UWE hybrids showed a sharp reduction in the total chromosome number during the initial 2 months under similar pressures. However, with no additional cloning, UWE remained karyotypically stable after that time. This rapid chromosomal segregation in UWE hybrids may be caused by properties of the parental foetal erythrocytes. In UWE cells, the majority of the chromosome arms were retained or duplicated. Less than a quarter of the total number of chromosome arms were segregated or lost, and these were all chromosome arms with abnormal mouse G-banding patterns, present only in the heteroploid A9 parental cells. In two of the four A9 × B82 hybrid lines, there was marked segregation of chromosome arms whose banding patterns were identical to those of wild type mouse telocentric chromosomes. For both types of intraspecific cell hybrids, two thirds or more of the chromosome arms had banding patterns which were the same as those of the wild type genome.

Statement of problem.Bar and stud attachments are widely used to stabilize overdentures on implants in the mandible. There is strong evidence that retention of the attachment is an important factor for a patient's satisfaction. Purpose. This study describes retentive forces and wear of commercially available attachments of 4 implant systems (3I, IMZ, Nobel Biocare, ITI Straumann) and 2 magnets (Steco). Methods.Forces while removing the keyway portion of an attachment in its path of insertion were measured with a platform load cell. A total of 15,000 removals were performed to simulate fatigue. Results. Retentive forces ranged between 3 and 85 N. The fatigue test revealed an initial increase of forces with some attachments. After 15,000 cycles, most of the attachments showed little loss of retention compared with the initial retentive forces. It is suggested that conventional fatigue tests with application of axial loads do not simulate clinical fatigue adequately. (J Prosthet Dent 1998;80:323-9.)

EXTENSIVE data and increasingly diversified patterns have accumulated since the first reports of chromosomal trisomies in man.1-3 Cytogenetic studies, in addition to helping establish new clinical entities such as the D and E trisomies, have also revealed cases with either double aneuploidy4 or partial trisomy.5 Furthermore, in certain cases, the autosomal trisomic pattern has been seen to affect only a proportion of the body cells (mosaics).6 The following report deals with three rare cases of double, single, and partial trisomy, respectively. These patients, one of which was also a proven mosaic, serve to illustrate some aspects of the broadening spectrum of hyperdiploid states in man. REPORT OF CASES Case 1.—An infant girl (Fig 1) was delivered to a 21-year-old gravida 1 at 43 weeks gestation. The delivery was breech, and prolonged resuscitation was necessary.The birthweight was 1,700 gm (3 lb 12 oz), the crown-heel length

Populations of hybrid cells produced by the fusion of mouse cells with different enzymatic defects give rise to segregants with a karyotype very similar to that of the parent cells; but these segregants show complementation of the parental enzymatic defects.

Monochromatic light microscopy at 435 mµ shows in Euglena gracilis, the distribution of chlorophyll and the general orientation and geometry of chloroplasts in vivo. In addition it discloses, in swelling chloroplasts, a lamellar pigmented structure. Changes in this structure are observed in extruded swollen chloroplasts treated with lipolytic or proteolytic enzymes. Lipolytic enzymes produce an increase in the number of visible lamellae while proteolytic enzymes disrupt the lamellar array. Correlation of chloroplast swelling behavior and the effects of enzymatic degradation with current electron microscope observations support the following: (1) the pigment lamellae observed in vivo consist of component laminae; (2) the lamellae are separated by sites of swelling; and (3) the integrity of the lamellar structure is primarily dependent upon the intact state of the protein.

A9 and B82 enzyme-deficient mutants of the L line of mouse cells were hybridized artificially in vitro. After exposure of the cells to the fusing agent (inactivated Sendai virus), cultures were grown in a selective medium with aminopterin, which allows the survival only of heterokaryons which contain both A and B nuclei. The chromosome make-up of the fused cells was then studied for an initial 3-month period under various conditions. Polykaryons with 2 or more nuclei were at first observed but, as the cultures progressed, only mononucleate cells (synkaryons) persisted. Most cells in mitosis showed the chromosomal set of one A and one B cell, with an average mode and chromosome make-up very similar to, but not exactly, the sum of the average s chromosome number of one A and one B nucleus (as cells). As a rule, the synkaryons contained three ‘dot-like’ chromosomes, two of which were probably derived from the A cell and one from the B cell. In the course of the 3-month study the relative frequency of the 2s cells and their average modal number varied little. However, an increasing number of 2s cells with abnormally shaped chromosomes, in particular new ring chromosomes, was noted. Some of the cells had a mode intermediate between the 2s number and the s number (hypo-2S cells). They were thought to represent new segregants, but they were scarce, and their frequency did not increase when established fused cells were removed from the selective medium and then grown for up to 3 weeks. Nuclear polymorphism was present in all cultures and certain cytological observations gave the impression that fractions of the genomes of fused cells could be rejected through nuclear fragmentation. Synkaryons resulting from cell fusion induced by Sendai virus showed a remarkably stable chromosomal constitution for the first 3 months of culture, and were endowed with striking reproductive fitness.

A theoretical analysis is presented of the change in membrane potential produced by current supplied by a microelectrode inserted just under the membrane of a spherical cell. The results of the analysis are presented in tabular and graphic form for three wave forms of current: steady, step function, and sinusoidal. As expected from physical reasoning, we find that the membrane potential is nonuniform, that there is a steep rise in membrane potential near the current microelectrode, and that this rise is of particular importance when the membrane resistance is low, or the membrane potential is changing rapidly. The effect of this steep rise in potential on the interpretation of voltage measurements from spherical cells is discussed and practical suggestions for minimizing these effects are made: in particular, it is pointed out that if the current and voltage electrodes are separated by 60°, the change in membrane potential produced by application of current is close to that which would occur if there were no spatial variation of potential. We thus suggest that investigations of the electrical properties of spherical cells using two microelectrodes can best be made when the electrodes are separated by 60°.

This paper presents model of interaction in Smart Grid on the basis of multi-agent system. The use of travelling waves in the multi-agent system describes the behavior of the Smart Grid from the local point, which is being the complement of the conventional approach. The simulation results show that the absorption of the wave in the distributed multi-agent systems is effectively simulated the interaction in Smart Grid.

This paper presents algorithm for generating neuroevolutionary multi-agent system that allows agents to learn from high-quality activities. Dissimilar traditional learning algorithms proposed algorithm combines student-teacher of-line learning and teaching agents based on sufficient activities producing by any agent in its subculture. The simulation studies demonstrated that the proposed algorithm is effective at rapidly generating near-optimal control agents.

An article describes vector control of wind turbine based on fuzzy selective neural net. Based on the wind turbine system's state, the fuzzy selective neural net tracks an maximum power point under random perturbations. Numerical simulations are accomplished to clarify the applicability and advantages of the proposed vector wind turbine's control on the basis of the fuzzy selective neuronet. The simulation results show that the proposed intelligent control of wind turbine achieves real-time control speed and competitive performance, as compared to a classical control model with PID controllers based on traditional maximum torque control strategy.

This paper presents the fuzzy recurrent neuronet for PV system's control. Based on the PV system's state, the fuzzy recurrent neural net tracks the maximum power point under random perturbations. The validity and advantages of the proposed intelligent control of PV system are demonstrated by numerical simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed intelligent control of PV system achieves real-time control speed and competitive performance, as compared to a classical control scheme on the basis of the perturbation & observation algorithm.

Patients (P) selected for phase II trials differ subst. from those who need pall, treatment for sympt. disease. A low PS due to high tumor load is inversely related to ORR. Expectations from the publ. efficacy of any part, treatment are hardly ever met in daily clin. routine, side effects are underestimated and the psych, benefit for the desperate P hardly out-ways the discomfort afflicted by the necessary med. surveillance. In P with dissem. melanoma improvement of ‘time without symptoms and toxicity’ by system, chemother. still is the exception. This was demonstrated by a multicenter trial of the EORTC, undertaken to confirm the except, high ORR of some 45% reported earlier with FOTEMUSTINE. The ORR in 98 highly selected eligible P was 12% (17% DS), thus sign. lower than in earlier monoinstit. trials and reached only 5% (12% DS) in 42 non-eligible P The responsibility of the treating oncologist for his P's quality adjusted life months is stressed.