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Coffea arabica, an allotetraploid hybrid of Coffea eugenioidesand Coffea canephora, is the source of approximately 60% of coffee products worldwide, and its cultivated accessions have undergone several population bottlenecks. We present chromosome-level assemblies of a di-haploid C. arabicaaccession and modern representatives of its diploid progenitors, C. eugenioidesand C. canephora. The three species exhibit largely conserved genome structures between diploid parents and descendant subgenomes, with no obvious global subgenome dominance. We find evidence for a founding polyploidy event 350,000–610,000 years ago, followed by several pre-domestication bottlenecks, resulting in narrow genetic variation. A split between wild accessions and cultivar progenitors occurred ~30.5 thousand years ago, followed by a period of migration between the two populations. Analysis of modern varieties, including lines historically introgressed with C. canephora, highlights their breeding histories and loci that may contribute to pathogen resistance, laying the groundwork for future genomics-based breeding of C. arabica.

Reconfigurable batteries can change their cell topology in real time, which enables them to adapt their voltage during operation. This unique capability makes interfacing power converters redundant in applications where batteries are directly coupled with other DC components or systems. The present article characterizes a 104 kWh prototype of a reconfigurable battery for high power applications, and derives equations for calculating the battery efficiency for the complete operating area. The battery can adapt its voltage from 0 V up to 1200 V, and reaches power values of 240 kW for charging, and 280 kW for discharging. The results are presented in efficiency maps, showing the dependency on voltage, power, and state of charge. Moreover, the efficiency characteristic is compared to a conventional battery with fixed cell topology and DC-DC converter. The reconfigurable battery can operate at a wider voltage range and achieves better efficiency up to an average power of 44.6 kW during charging, and 46.7 kW during discharging. Conversely, the conventional system performs better above these thresholds. Finally, the presented model can be used to optimize the design of reconfigurable battery strings, and to accurately size such systems for specific applications and purposes.

To secure balanced operation of electric networks and mitigate costly grid reinforcements, distributed generation (DG) units play a role in providing flexibility activation services. This paper analyses high-resolution measurements and reports lessons learnt from experimental active power control (APC) of installed DG units – two PV plants, a wind farm, and a biogas plant – in operation on the Danish island of Bornholm. The paper evaluates how quickly these units can respond to flexibility requests and how accurate and precise their output is when following specific active power setpoints. This assessment helps exploring the potential of DG units in providing grid services, either standalone or as part of a virtual power plant, within existing technology standards. The experiments demonstrate satisfactory performance of DG units when receiving APC requests, with PV inverters and biogas generators exhibiting high accuracy (mean deviation from setpoints of ±0.1%and ±0.15%, respectively). Furthermore, when subject to power limitation requests, PV inverters and wind turbines show less variation in their responses (±0.05%and ±0.6%, respectively) compared to biogas generators (±1%). The results further highlight the significance of appropriately tuning internal control settings within DG units to ensure continuous flexible operation and avoid undesirable dynamics.

Although subtypes of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have been described, this malignancy is clinically still treated as a single disease. Here we present patient-derived models representing the full spectrum of previously identified quasi-mesenchymal (QM-PDA), classical and exocrine-like PDAC subtypes, and identify two markers—HNF1A and KRT81—that enable stratification of tumors into different subtypes by using immunohistochemistry. Individuals with tumors of these subtypes showed substantial differences in overall survival, and their tumors differed in drug sensitivity, with the exocrine-like subtype being resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors and paclitaxel. Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) metabolizes these compounds in tumors of the exocrine-like subtype, and pharmacological or short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated CYP3A5 inhibition sensitizes tumor cells to these drugs. Whereas hepatocyte nuclear factor 4, alpha (HNF4A) controls basal expression of CYP3A5, drug-induced CYP3A5 upregulation is mediated by the nuclear receptor NR1I2. CYP3A5 also contributes to acquired drug resistance in QM-PDA and classical PDAC, and it is highly expressed in several additional malignancies. These findings designate CYP3A5 as a predictor of therapy response and as a tumor cell–autonomous detoxification mechanism that must be overcome to prevent drug resistance.

Uncoordinated charging of electric vehicle (EV) clusters can lead to unanticipated surges in demand that strain the grid, hence reducing its reliability. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a semi-distributed control method for EV clusters charging where the decision-making process takes place locally, rather than relying on an external controller. The method ensures that charging demand can be fulfilled while achieving several goals, including following local renewable energy generation, pausing charging for transformer protection, and continuing charging progress in the absence of external information. The proposed method is validated through simulations and experimental tests during a public demonstration. The results demonstrate the functionality of the control method and show that it can effectively manage the charging of a cluster of EVs while reducing strain on the power grid.

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Copyright of Der Markt is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ein entscheidender Erfolgsfaktor bei der Kundengewinnung und Kaufrealisierung in e-Shops ist die Gestaltung der Mensch-Medium-Schnittstelle. Besondere Bedeutung nimmt dabei die Gestaltung der Navigationsleiste als wichtigste Schnittstellenlösung ein. Hier beurteilt der Shopbesucher unter Berücksichtigung formaler und inhaltlicher Merkmale den Nutzwert des Onlineshops hinsichtlich seiner Intentionsrealisierung. Auf dieser Grundlage wird das weitere Verhalten im Shop geplant und entschieden. Um konkrete Empfehlungen für diesen wichtigen Shopsitebereich zu geben, wurde eine Studie mit dem Ziel durchgeführt, die Nutzenwerte und relativen Wichtigkeiten verschiedener formaler Navigationsleistenmerkmale zu bestimmen. Die Studie zeichnet sich methodisch durch den Rückgriff auf die Conjointanalyse als dekompositionellen Ansatz der Präferenzmessung aus. Der Einsatz der Conjointanalyse als Verfahren zur Beurteilung von Websites ist ein bislang vernachlässigter, aber den kompositionellen Verfahren vermeintlich überlegener Ansatz. Als zentrales Ergebnis der Untersuchung kann festgehalten werden, dass nur gering oder schwach aktivierende Elemente verwendet werden sollten. Eine als aufdringlich empfundene Navigationsgestaltung wird abgelehnt.

Ein entscheidender Erfolgsfaktor bei der Kundengewinnung und Kaufrealisierung in e-Shops ist die Gestaltung der Mensch-Medium-Schnittstelle. Hier beurteilt der Shopbesucher die formalen und inhaltlichen Merkmale des Onlineshops hinsichtlich des Nutzwertes seiner Intentionsrealisierung. Auf dieser Grundlage wird das weitere Verhalten im Shop geplant und entschieden. Die zur Bestimmung der formalen und inhaltlichen Nutzenwerte durchgeführte Studie zeichnet sich methodisch durch den Rückgriff auf die Conjointanalyse als dekompositionellen Ansatz der Präferenzmessung aus. Der Einsatz der Conjointanalyse als Verfahren zur Beurteilung von Websites ist ein bislang vernachlässigter, aber den kompositionellen Verfahren vermeintlich überlegener Ansatz. Der Beitrag präsentiert zum einen die Nutzenwerte und relativen Wichtigkeiten zentraler formaler und inhaltlicher Websitemerkmale aus Kundensicht, zeigt aber auch erste Erfahrungswerte für den Einsatz der Conjointanalyse zur Beurteilung von Websites auf.