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Purpose: We aimed to estimate the association of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist therapy with the incidence of endoscopically visible gastric contents after preprocedural fasting. Methods: We reviewed the records of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) performed at our institution between 2019 and 2023 and determined the presence of residual gastric contents from the procedure notes and saved images. We compared patients taking GLP-1 agonists at the time of the procedure (GLP group, 90 procedures) with patients who started GLP-1 agonist therapy within 1,000 days after undergoing EGD (control, 102 procedures). We excluded emergent procedures without fasting, combined EGD/colonoscopy procedures, and patients with known gastroparesis or previous gastric surgery. We estimated the association between GLP-1 agonist therapy and residual gastric contents with a confounder-adjusted generalized linear mixed effect model. Results: Compared with controls, the GLP cohort had a higher age, American Society of Anesthesiologists’ Physical Status, and incidence of nausea and diabetes mellitus. Body mass index and fasting duration were comparable between groups. Visible gastric content was documented in 17 procedures in the GLP group (19%) and in five procedures in the control group (5%), with an associated confounder adjusted odds ratio of 5.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.7 to 19.3; P= 0.004). There were five instances of emergent endotracheal intubation in the GLP group vsone case in control and one case of pulmonary aspiration vsnone in control. Conclusions: In fasting patients, GLP-1 agonist therapy was associated with an increased incidence of residual gastric contents, potentially posing an additional risk of periprocedural pulmonary aspiration.

New developments in analgesic drugs and techniques are being applied to the pediatric population. Appropriate pain management for ambulatory surgery patients helps to facilitate early discharge and minimize postoperative morbidity.

Anesthetists and other providers are seeing an increased demand for sedation or anesthesia for challenging patients undergoing diagnostic procedures. Regardless of the specialty of the provider, proper attention must be paid to patient evaluation, monitoring, and drug dosage. The present review summarizes recommendations regarding sedation, as well as recent literature on sedation and anesthesia for endoscopy, radiology, pediatric oncology procedures, and pediatric electroencephalography.

The article reviews a theatrical production "The Brink" by Brad Birch performed at Orange Tree Theater, England, from April 11 to 30, 2016.

The article presents a review of the musical theatrical "The Bodyguard" directed by Thea Sharrock and starring performers like Beverley Knight, and Carole Stennett, performed at Dominion Theatre in London England on July 21-January 7, 2016, reprinted from a 2016 issue of journal "Daily Telegraph."

The article reviews a new play by the author Gillian Slovo that deals with subject of radicalization of European Muslims including the alleged activities by extremists belonging to Islamic State and the response of the state machinery.

The article reviews the theatrical production "1972: The Future of Sex" directed by Tom Brennan, composed by Tom Crosley-Thorne, and starring Tom England, Emily Greenslade and Kerry Lovell performed at the Shoreditch Town Hall, London, England, on April 13-23, 2016.