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The output incoherent spectrum and the photon blockade for the two-photon near-resonant excitation are numerically investigated by using the modified theories which are valid for an arbitrary degree of the qubit-cavity interaction. Owing to the effects of strong coupling of the system, the relaxation coefficients of the system are very sensitive to the coupling strength between the qubit and the cavity mode, which results in the redistribution of the populations and the appearance of the population inversion between the ground state and the first excited state, and it is demonstrated by the intensity of the output incoherent spectrum. The redistribution of the populations leads to one cascaded decay channel being weakened and the other possibly being enhanced significantly. Moreover, by adjusting the detuning between the qubit and the cavity mode, the phenomenon of the intercrossing in the energy levels appears. Through choosing the proper two-photon near-resonant excitation of the external classical driving field, the strong-coupling qubit-cavity system effectively causes one cascaded decay channel to realize the two-photon blockade. It is shown that the two-photon blockade can be further enhanced by one cascaded decay channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the effects of a low-frequency (acoustic) phonon bath on the dynamics of a quantum dot modeled as a cascade three-level system. We show that the phonon bath appears to the upper transition of the cascade system as a broadband reservoir of inverted rather than conventional harmonic oscillators. The action of the annihilation and creation operators of the inverted oscillator are interchanges relative to those of the usual harmonic oscillator that it serves as a linear amplifier to the system, and thereby gives rise to unusual features in the dynamics of the quantum dot. We find that the phonon bath, although being in a thermal state, affects the quantum dot as a correlated-type reservoir which results in the decay of the system to a correlated two-photon state with the population distribution no longer obeying a Boltzmann distribution. It is particularly interesting that even for a zero-temperature phonon reservoir, the steady state is a correlated state which, under appropriate conditions on the Rabi frequencies and the damping rates, can reduce to a strongly correlated pure state. It is shown that the two-photon correlations result in a significant squeezing and strong two-photon correlations in the radiation field emitted by the quantum dot. The presence of the correlations in the system is manifest in the presence of quantum beats in the time evolution of the populations and the radiation intensity. The effect of the ordinary spontaneous emission on the features induced by the phonon bath is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the generation of squeezed states in a movable mirror in dissipative optomechanics in which the oscillating mirror modulates both the resonance frequency and the linewidth of the cavity mode. Via feeding broadband squeezed-vacuum light accompanying a coherent driving laser field into the cavity, the master equation for the cavity-mirror system is derived by following the general reservoir theory. When the mirror is weakly coupled to the cavity mode, we find that the driven cavity field can effectively perform as a squeezed-vacuum reservoir for the movable mirror via utilizing the completely destructive interference of quantum noise. Efficient transfer of squeezing from the light to the movable mirror occurs, irrespective of the ratio between the cavity damping rate and the mechanical frequency. Moreover, when the mirror is moderately coupled to the cavity mode, photonic excitation can preclude the completely destructive interference of quantum noise. As a consequence, the mirror deviates from the ideal squeezed state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We employ double quantum interference to propose a ground-state cooling scheme for a nanomechanical resonator coupled to a triple quantum dot (TQD), of which the third dot is driven by a microwave field. In our scheme, the carrier transition is diminished by the destructive interference (the occurrence of a dark state) arising from the coherent tunnelings of electrons among the three dots. Furthermore, the additional transition induced by the microwave field enables the system to possess double quantum interference effect. Under certain conditions, the processes which might increase one phonon through the blue sideband transitions are prohibited due to the double destructive interference analog to double electromagnetically induced transparency mechanism. Thus, both the carrier and blue sideband transitions are canceled. The cooling process occurs when the electron trapped in the dark state absorbs one phonon of the resonator through the transition from the dark state to the bright state and then to the excited state and finally tunnels to the drain. As a result, the phonon occupation can be reduced to zero in the ideal case and the resonator can be cooled down to its ground state with high efficiency even when the dephasing of the TQD is present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a scheme to generate four-mode cluster states with four atomic ensembles trapped in single-mode cavities connected by short fibers. With the aid of the cavity dissipation, we find that a four-mode cluster state can be unconditionally created by the simultaneous driving of the ensembles with laser pulses of suitably chosen Rabi frequencies and phases. The scheme could be easily extended to the case of Ν-mode cluster states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The steady-state cooling of a nanomechanical resonator interacting with three coupled quantum dots is studied. General conditions for the cooling to the ground state with single- and two-electron dark states are obtained. The results show that in the case of the interaction of the resonator with a single-electron dark state, no cooling of the resonator occurs unless the quantum dots are not identical. The steady-state cooling is possible only if the energy state of the quantum dot coupled to the drain electrode is detuned from the energy states of the dots coupled to the electron source electrode. The detuning has the effect of unequal shifting of the effective dressed states of the system in which the cooling and heating processes occur at different frequencies. For the case of two electrons injected to the quantum-dot system, the creation of a two-particle dark state is established to be possible with spin-antiparallel electrons. The results predict that with the two-particle dark state, an effective cooling can be achieved even with identical quantum dots subject to an asymmetry only in the charging potential energies coupling the injected electrons. It is found that, similar to the case of the single-electron dark state, the asymmetries result in the cooling and heating processes occurring at different frequencies. However, an important difference between the single- and two-particle dark-state cases is that the cooling process occurs at significantly different frequencies. This indicates that the frequency at which the resonator could be cooled to its ground state can be changed by switching from the one-electron to the two-electron Coulomb blockade process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coherence and correlation properties of effective bosonic modes of a nanomechanical cavity composed of an oscillating mirror and containing an optical lattice of regularly trapped atoms are studied. The system is modeled as a three-mode system: two orthogonal polariton modes, representing the coupled optical lattice and the cavity mode, and one mechanical mode, representing the oscillating mirror. We examine separately the cases of two-mode and three-mode interactions, which are distinguished by suitable tuning of the mechanical mode to the polariton mode frequencies. In the two-mode case, we find that the occurrence of entanglement in the system is highly sensitive to the presence of first-order coherence between the modes. In particular, the creation of the first-order coherence among the polariton and mechanical modes is achieved at the expense of entanglement between them. In the three-mode case, we show that no entanglement is created between the independent polariton modes if both modes are coupled to the mechanical mode by the parametric interaction. There is no entanglement between the polaritons even if the oscillating mirror is damped by a squeezed vacuum field. The interaction creates first-order coherence between the polaritons, and the degree of coherence can, in principle, be as large as unity. This demonstrates that the oscillating mirror can establish first-order coherence between two independent thermal modes. Further analysis shows that two independent thermal modes can be made entangled in the system only when one of the modes is coupled to the intermediate mode by a parametric interaction and the other is coupled by a linear-mixing interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The non-Markovian behavior of a V-type three-level atom coupled to a zero-temperature bosonic Lorentzian reservoir is investigated. The two decay channels from two upper states to the ground one are connected due to the spontaneously generated interference. When the two upper states are degenerate, the two channels can be decoupled, and an analytical lower bound of the non-Markovian behavior can be obtained by the optimal choice of a pair of initial states. The non-Markovian behavior can be enhanced by the interference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The entanglement properties of two-mode field from a laser-driven collective three-level atomic system are investigated by taking into account the spontaneously generated coherence. Under some conditions, it is found that the entanglement between the two cavity modes can be significantly enhanced by the collectivity of the atoms compared to the case of independent atoms when the relative phase ΔΦ = π. Moreover, the spontaneously generated coherence can also greatly enhance the entanglement in comparison to the case without this coherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the generation of multicolor quadripartite entangled beams of light with continuous variables via optomechanical coupling in an optical cavity. It is found that the genuine quadripartite entanglement can be achieved among the Stokes and anti-Stokes sidebands of two driven cavity fields. This entanglement still exists for the environment temperature up to about 50 K. We also show that the obtained genuine quadripartite entanglement actually results from concurrent four-wave-mixing processes in the system, which can, in principle, be generalized to obtain a genuine 2N-partite entangled state of light from a generic N-mode cavity optomechanical system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bilirubin oxidase was purified from a culture filtrate ofMyrothecium verrucariaMv 2,1089 by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatographies. The purified enzyme had a specific activity of 30 U/mg protein and showed a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

We demonstrate how an acoustic phonon bath when coupled to a quantum dot with the help of a bichromatic laser field may effectively form a quantum squeezed reservoir. This approach allows one to achieve an arbitrary degree of squeezing of the effective reservoir and it incorporates the properties of the reservoir into two parameters, which can be controlled by varying the ratio of the Rabi frequencies of the bichromatic field. It is found that for unequal Rabi frequencies, the effective reservoir may appear as a quantum squeezed field of ordinary or inverted harmonic oscillators. When the Rabi frequencies are equal the effective reservoir appears as a perfectly squeezed field in which the decay of one of the polarization quadratures of the quantum dot dipole moment is inhibited. The decay of the quantum dot to a stationary state which depends on the initial coherence is predicted. This unusual result is shown to be a consequence of a quantum-nondemolition-type coupling of the quantum dot to the engineered squeezed reservoir. The effect of the initial coherence on the steady-state dressed-state population distribution and the fluorescence spectrum is discussed in detail. The complete polarization of the dressed state population and asymmetric spectra composed of only a single Rabi sideband peak are obtained under strictly resonant excitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a rapid ground-state optomechanical cooling scheme in a hybrid system, where a two-level quantum dot (QD) is placed in a single-mode cavity and a nanomechanical resonator (NMR) is also coupled to the cavity via radiation pressure. The cavity is driven by a weak laser field while the QD is driven by another weak laser field. Due to the quantum destructive interference arisen from different transition channels induced by simultaneously driving the QD-cavity system in terms of the two different lasers, two-photon absorption for the cavity field can be effectively eliminated by performing an optimal quantum interference condition. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the QD-cavity system can be unbalancedly prepared in two single-polariton states with different eigenenergies. If the frequency of the NMR is tuned to be resonant with transition between two single-polariton states, it is found that a fast ground-state cooling for the NMR can also be achieved, even when the QD-cavity system is originally in the moderate-coupling regime. Thus the present ground-state cooling scheme for the NMR may be realized with currently available experimental technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the resonant cooling phenomena of a driven two-level radiator embedded in a photonic-crystal structure. We find that cooling occurs even at laser-atom-frequency resonance. This happens due to atomic dressed-state coupling with different strengths, resulting in population redistribution and cooling. Furthermore, for off-resonant driving the two-level particle can be in either the ground or excited bare state. This may help in the engineering of different amplified optical devices as well as highly coherent light sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We theoretically investigate the influence of the phonon-mediated coupling on the properties of the laser generated by a single red-detuned quantum dot (QD), where the QD is coherently driven and coupled to a microscopic cavity which can be engineered in a photonic band-gap (PBG) material. In the low-temperature limit, the phonon-mediated coupling is deleterious to the emission of photon into cavity field and the threshold behavior of the laser persists after the inclusion of the phonon-mediated processes. Without being engineered in the PBG material, if the damping rate K of the cavity is close to but smaller than the phonon-mediated spontaneous emission rate y of the dot, the photon statistics of the cavity field change from super-Poissonian to sub-Poissonian. The nonclassical effect can be achieved due to the phonon-mediated processes induced by the electron-phonon interaction and the off-resonant dot-cavity coupling. The nonclassical effect can be enhanced by the PBG material. When the effect of the thermal phonon is taken into account, the cavity field exhibits the super-Poissonian property. If k is much smaller than y, the phonon-mediated processes can lead to the increase (decrease) of the photons provided that the incoherent pumping rate is lower (higher) than the effective phonon-mediated threshold. But, if K is close to or larger than Y, the emission of the photon may dominate the absorption process, strengthening the intensity of the cavity field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a cooling scheme for the V-type three-level atom tightly confined in a harmonic trap. Two excited levels are coupled to the ground state by a quadrupole transition with a small dissipation rate and a dipole transition with a large dissipation rate, respectively. The quadrupole transition is strongly driven by a running-wave laser 1, which acts as the cooling channel in the Lamb-Dicke regime. The dipole one is weakly driven by another running-wave laser 2 as the auxiliary transition. Ground-state cooling with a large rate can be achieved through the appropriate choice of Rabi frequency for laser 1 and the detuning of the auxiliary transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a scheme for generating continuous-variable entanglement between two spatially separated nanocavities in photonic crystals, which are mediated by a coupled-resonator optical waveguide. The entanglement degree and purity of the generated states are investigated as varying the cavity frequencies, the cavity-waveguide coupling strength, and the location of the second cavity. It is shown that a steady and pure entanglement between separated nanocavities can be generated only with a weak cavity-waveguide coupling when the cavities are resonant with the band center of the waveguide. Various cases with different cavity frequencies and coupling strengths, which affect the degree of entanglement, are also investigated, and interestingly sudden death and sudden birth of entanglement occur for strong couplings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine conditions under which an open quantum system composed of a driven degenerated parametric oscillator cavity and a driven two-level atom coupled to a waveguide could decay to a pure dark state rather than the expected mixed state. The calculations are carried out analytically in a low-dimensional Hilbert space truncated at the double-excitation states of the combined system. The validity of the truncation is confirmed by the exact numerical analysis. It is found that one way to produce the pure state is to chirally couple the cavity and the atom to the waveguide. Another way to produce the pure state is to drive the cavity and the atom with unequal detunings. In both cases, if the driving fields are weak, the produced state is a coherent superposition of only the single-excitation and ground states of the combined system. In addition, we have found a direct correspondence between the generation of the dark state and the photon blockade effect. In other words, the generation of the dark state acts as a blockade to the number of photons so that only a single photon can be present in the cavity. We investigate the normalized second-order correlation function of the cavity field and find that the conditions under which the correlation function vanishes coincide with the conditions for the creation of the pure dark state. This system is, therefore, suggested as an alternative scheme for the generation of single-photon states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate squeezing of the resonance fluorescence of a laser-driven quantum dot (QD) close to a graphene sheet. The coupling between the QD and the surface plasmon around the graphene sheet is frequency dependent in the terahertz region, which can be adjusted by the laser intensity. Distinct decay rates in different transition channels of dressed QDs can be achieved due to the tailored photon reservoir, which can be used to improve the squeezing. It is found that increases in both the dephasing rate and the environmental temperature are harmful to the squeezing. Meanwhile, an enhancement in the QD-plasmon coupling strength may reduce the fragility of squeezing against the decoherence process. Additionally, in the strong light-matter coupling region, squeezing can be largely enhanced by tuning the strength of the pump field and its detuning from the QD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we propose a scheme for the generation of a nonclassical non-Gaussian motional state of a mechanical resonator (MR) in the three-mode optomechanical system in which two linearly coupled single-mode cavities interact dispersively with the mechanical oscillator simultaneously. With one cavity driven by a weak laser field and by properly tuning the driving frequency, a desirable phononic Liouvillian superoperator can be obtained by engineering the selective interaction Hamiltonian confined to Fock subspaces. It is shown that the MR can be driven dissipatively into a steady non-Gaussian nonclassical state, which possesses sub-Poisson statistics, although its Wigner function is positive. The present scheme can be useful for obtaining single phonons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]