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AbstractA hybrid vehicle structure using fuel cell/battery has been proposed, and an intelligent controller has been designed to power management and regenerative braking. Upon elimination of the gasoline engine, an electrical machine can enforce requested power for driving and braking, so regenerative braking is possible in proposed structure. The fuel cell has been connected to battery as a DC bus via a DC/DC converter which can control the fuel-cell power/current by its switching duty cycle. Using a designed neuro-fuzzy controller, a power demand feedback is considered, and controller decision has been based on demand mentioned at the previous time step. Moreover, braking pedal displacement and the battery state of charge have been considered as the controller inputs for its relative decision to split power between both power sources. Finally, simulation results for some driving manoeuvres show that the proposed structure has good performance for the vehicles as a civic automobile with zero emissions.

Modeling and converting way of PWM-switch is a simple way in modeling and converting PWM of DC-DC convertor in a continuous space state. The main advantage in presentation of this way is the adaptability and simple usage of this way in comparison with other ways. The main idea in this paper is the replacement of switches with their time-averaged models. Also, this way presents a way in which convertor model created the same result of status space average way considering the non-linear effects. At first, the total principles is gained for determining the switch in which the branches flow and nodes voltage is proportionate with average amount of voltages and main flows. In teaching how to use this way, we can find out that this model is able to consider the agitation effects and components of second-order equation which lead to being non-linear that this fact can be used in circuit-based simulation. This model is a strong tool that can be used for simulating transient and lasting status.