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In laboratory animals, exposure to most general anaesthetics leads to neurotoxicity manifested by neuronal cell death and abnormal behaviour and cognition. Some large human cohort studies have shown an association between general anaesthesia at a young age and subsequent neurodevelopmental deficits, but these studies are prone to bias. Others have found no evidence for an association. We aimed to establish whether general anaesthesia in early infancy affects neurodevelopmental outcomes.

In patients aged 5 to 15 years with a clinically nondeformed distal forearm injury presenting to the emergency department (ED), we examined whether point-of-care ultrasound or radiographic imaging had better diagnostic accuracy, with the reference diagnosis determined by an expert panel review.

The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence and relative risk (RR) of back pain and identify possible mechanisms of back pain among childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors.

In this article, the author establishes a correlation between teaching and wrestling, and mentions that best teachers fair argument share qualities with history's great wrestling characters.

A potential new therapy for cancer is active specific immunotherapy with melanoma antigen (MAGE) gene products. The MAGE gene family comprizes a series of 12 closely related genes, some of which have been shown to be expressed in a variety of tumours of different histological origin. Peptides encoded by the MAGE genes are targets for specific immunotherapy as they are presented in association with human leucocyte antigen class I molecules and are recognised by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. This article reviews the discovery, development, role and therapeutic potential of MAGE tumour-associated antigens. Knowledge in this field of study is in its early stages. Future advances can be anticipated in term of defining therapeutic relevance, antigen detection and discovery of related genes.

A series of 118 cases of adenoepidermoid carcinoma and adenosquamous tumors of the uterus is presented. The results indicate that cervical tumors are frequently occult and are often not diagnosed until late in the course of the disease. Stage for stage, the five-year survival rate is poorer than the usual results for cervical malignancy. Endometrial tumors also had a poor five-year survival rate, with a high incidence of myometrial extension. The incidence of myometrial invasion and survival figures were similar to those for poorly differentiated endometrial cancer.

Using samples from a prehistoric quarry site in the Mojave Desert, we tested and compared the two principal methods of rock-varnish cation-ratio dating, analysis of rock-varnish scrapings (R. I. Dorn, 1983, Quaternary Research20, 49-73 and 1989, Physical Geography13, 559-596) and analysis of rock varnish in situ (C. D. Harrington and J. W. Whitney, 1987, Geology15, 967-970). Because we found no consistent relationship between the varnish cation ratio (K + Ca)/Ti, and the relative age of the varnish, neither method could be used to "cation-ratio date" the underlying chert artifacts. Moreover, in situanalyses yielded systematically higher cation ratios and lower Ti abundances than bulk analyses of scraped varnish or microprobe analyses of varnish in cross section. Our results, when considered along with other recently published evidence, indicate that these two methods of varnish chemical analysis and cation-ratio dating may not be comparable, nor consistently reliable, chronometers.

Ice-walled melt ponds on the surfaces of active valley-floor rock glaciers and Matthes (Little Ice Age) moraines in the southern Sierra Nevada indicate that most of these landforms consist of glacier ice under thin ( ca.1 - 10 m) but continuous covers of rock-fall-generated debris. These debris blankets effectively insulate the underlying ice and greatly reduce rates of ablation relative to that of uncovered ice. Such insulation explains the observations that ice-cored rock glaciers in the Sierra, actually debris-covered glaciers, are apparently less sensitive to climatic warming and commonly advance to lower altitudes than do adjacent bare-ice glaciers. Accumulation-area ratios and toe-to-headwall-altitude ratios used to estimate equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) of former glaciers may therefore yield incorrect results for cirque glaciers subject to abundant rockfall. Inadvertent lumping of deposits from former debris-covered and bare-ice glaciers partially explains an apparently anomalous regional ELA gradient reported for the pre-Matthes Recess Peak Neoglacial advance. Distinguishing such deposits may be important to studies that rely on paleo-ELA estimates. Moreover, Matthes and Recess Peak ELA gradients along the crest evidently depend strongly on local orographic effects rather than latitudinal climatic trends, indicating that simple linear projections and regional climatic interpretations of ELA gradients of small glaciers may be unreliable.

Moraines in the canyons of Mono Basin are separable into relative-age groups on the basis of clast-sound velocities in exposed boulders, moraine morphology, and weathering features on boulder surfaces. Tioga, Tenaya, Tahoe, and Mono Basin moraine deposits each have distinct weathering characteristics and therefore constitute different relative-age groups. The Tioga glacial episode at June Lake may postdate ∼25,200(?)-yr-old basaltic lavas, and the Tenaya episode may have occurred ∼30,700 yr ago. A comparison of the glacial and lacustrine records of Mono Basin over the past 40,000 yr, based on new interpretations of radiometric ages, is consistent with the hypothesis that maximum glacial and maximum pluvial periods were not necessarily synchronous.

A cinder cone located 11 km south of Big Pine, California, is vertically displaced 78 ± 6 m by the Fish Springs fault of the Owens Valley fault zone. The surfaces of Tahoe-age and Tioga-age alluvial fans that overlie the cone are vertically displaced 31 ± 3 and 3.3 ± 0.3 m, respectively. Neither the cinder cone nor the Tioga-age fan appears to have been laterally offset. The cone is dated by the 39Ar40Armethod at 314,000 ± 36,000 yr B.P. (2σ), indicating an average late Quaternary vertical displacement rate of 0.25 ± 0.03 mm/yr (2σ). The age of the Tahoe glaciation is uncertain, but probably corresponds to the age of marine oxygen isotope stage 4 and/or 6 (65,000–75,000 and 128,000–195,000 yr, respectively). If the older fan were deposited during stage 4, then the average post-Tahoe vertical displacement rate probably was at least twice the pre-Tahoe late Quaternary rate. If the displacement rate has been constant during the last 314,000 yr, then the surface of the Tahoe-age fan is dated at 124,000 ± 19,000 yr B.P., and the bulk of the fan most likely would have been deposited during stage 6. Based on the displacement of the surface of the Tioga-age (10,600 – 26,000 yr) fan, the average Holocene displacement rate appears to have been slightly less than the average late Quaternary rate.

In this article, the author focuses on the impact of technology on the art of education, as of December 2020. He recalls his experiences of enjoying snowfall during winters when schools remain closed. He highlights the psychological aspect of online classes and webinars. He also offers suggestions on strategical planning for schools on outdoor learning opportunities on a snow day, encouraging family involvement and allowing pupil to show their snowball technique.

A personal narrative is presented which explores the author's experience of masking and covering the face to hide the facial expressions.

The article offers tips to male teachers on how to successfully return to teaching after their paternity leaves, including negotiating a gradual return to teaching, delaying extracurricular activities, and managing expectations.

In article the author talks about the a blended teaching and learning system during the Covid-19 pandemic and William Shakespeare's stories.

The article offers information on the challenges for students and their education during the period of covid-19 pandemic as they interacting through remotely and email interactions.

In this article, the author talks about fear of public-speaking in students; and mentions need to listen to the needs of students to benefit from greater resilience.

The short story "Dinnerdate" by Alan Gillespie is presented.

The density of impact craters calibrated against lunar data is currently the only quantitative measure of surface age for terrestrial planetary surfaces. Unlike the Moon, however, Mars has been weathered and eroded, obliterating some small (<10 km diameter) craters, a phenomenon addressed in the Mariner/Viking days of Mars exploration but commonly overlooked in recent studies. We present a quantitative model that extends this earlier work to assess the effect of erosion and infilling on surface ages inferred from crater‐frequency distributions. Our work affirms that small‐crater size distributions can be interpreted quantitatively in terms of effects of erosion and crater infilling at rates comparable to those reported for Mars. A reanalysis of prior studies indicates that low to moderate long‐term rates of erosion and crater infilling can mask an ancient age and result in small‐crater populations similar to those offered as evidence for young and geologically significant surface activity.

Opinion. Focuses on senior politicians' marketing campaign to promote the country's business message in the United States. Confidence on the future of businesses in the country; Creation of new employment opportunities that will promote political progress.