Search

As you may have probably overheard thousands of time everywhere, mobile conversations often begin with a 'Where are you?' question. Of course, knowing the addressee's location is now a common [...]

Sanitization is the purpose for every tertiary treatment of wastewater disinfection aiming at the elimination of germs pathogenic to man. Experimentations in pilot plants as well as operating conditions in existing wastewater plants are in most cases working under special and often arbitrary conditions of ozonation.A continuous study of the main ozonation parameters for three years has led to the setting up of a semi-industrial automatic plant. Its description, operating conditions and the first results obtained are reported in this paper

The authors have investigated theoretically the effect of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) on the spatial distribution of the carrier density. Measures of the semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) performance, such as gain, saturation power and noise figure are derived. It is shown that the saturation due to the ASE strongly affects the SOA performance for device lengths > 500 µm. The results are compared with experimental data and found to be in good agreement.

Background: Medical prescription of diacetylmorphine (DAM) is currently being evaluated as a treatment option for heavily dependent narcotic addicts. Because of damaged veins, DAM is frequently administered intramuscularly (i.m.) or orally. Therefore, we characterized DAM kinetics after i.m. and oral administration in narcotic addicts.Methods: 3 i.m., 3 oral and 1 intravenous DAM doses and 1 oral deuterium-labeled morphine test dose were administered to 8 heroin-addicted patients. Plasma concentrations of DAM, monoacetylmorphine (MAM), morphine and morphine-glucuronides were measured by LC-MS.Results: i.m. administered DAM (<300mg) exhibited linear DAM, MAM and morphine kinetics and resulted in sustained DAM exposures (bioavailability: 380+/-157%, mean+/-SD) and in lower and delayed peak MA and morphine concentrations as compared to intravenous administration. Oral DAM (<900mg) yielded negligible systemic DAM and MAM exposures, but was associated with linear kinetics and high bioavailabilities for morphine (67+/-19%), morphine-3-glucuronide (205+/-52%) and morphine-6-glucuronide (180+/-61%). In addition, oral DAM was absorbed more rapidly and to a greater extent than a concomitant test dose of morphine-d3.Conclusions: Based on linear pharmacokinetics, high bioavailabilities of i.m. DAM and rapid and extended morphine absorption of oral DAM, the i.m. and oral routes can be recommended as safe and feasible alternatives for medical prescription of DAM.Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2004) 75, P22–P22; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.11.083