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Nanozyme is a kind of mimetic enzyme possessing unique properties of nanomaterials and catalytic functions of natural enzymes. The nanozymes have the characteristics of high catalytic efficiency and good stability and are widely utilized in medicine, chemical industry, food, agriculture, and environment. This laboratory experiment is designed for third-year undergraduate students who have a background in chemistry or material science. The experiment involves the synthesis, characterization, catalytic performance, and application of copper doped cerium oxide nanoparticles (Cu-CeO2NPs), which contain both CuO and CeO2. The required raw materials for the experiment are readily available, and the synthesis process is safe and simple. The nanomaterials are characterized via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV–vis spectroscopy. The experiment also involves studying the peroxidase (POD)-like activity of Cu-CeO2NPs, which catalyze the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) into its oxidation state in the presence of H2O2. In the presence of Cr(VI), the Cu-CeO2NPs-based colorimetric reaction was enhanced and also increased with the concentration of Cr(VI). This can be used for the sensitive detection of Cr(VI), which was much better than that without Cu-CeO2NPs. This laboratory experiment provides the third-year undergraduates with a chance to enhance their knowledge in advanced nanomaterials and modern characterization instruments. Additionally, it helps students to develop their hands-on operation skills, team cooperation ability, and the ability to integrate theory with practice.

Intensified interactions between electric power and natural gas infrastructures raise significant demands to coordinate their system operations. This paper proposes a fully parallel optimization method that can achieve a rapid decision-making on the day-ahead coordinated operation of electricity and natural gas systems on the high-performance computing (HPC) platform. The proposed method can flexibly tailor decomposition strategies to solve the optimization problem according to unique features of problem models in both electric power and natural gas systems. Particularly, the operation problem of power system is split by function and time into numbers of singe-unit subproblems and single-period network subproblems, while the operation problem of natural gas system is decomposed into multiple area subproblems. All the scalable subproblems are solved and coordinated quickly in a fully parallel manner on HPC for improving computational efficiency and tractability of complex electricity-gas co-optimization problem. By optimally coordinate electricity and natural gas systems under different operating conditions, the proposed method could improve the energy economics as well as the system resilience to various outages due to extreme events. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed co-optimization method and its HPC implementation.

This paper proposes a new short-term electricity price forecast framework using frequency analysis and price spikes oversampling. To perform normal price forecast, firstly, the variational mode decomposition (VMD) method is adopted to decompose price data into multiple frequency band-limited modes where each mode has a center frequency. Then, the extended discrete Fourier transform (EDFT) method is utilized to transform the decomposed price modes from time domain into frequency domain to predict the price. In addition, to facilitate price spike prediction, over-sampling methods including the enhanced structure preserving oversampling (ESPO) and the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) for regression, are adopted to synthesize price spike cases. Multiple electricity markets are studied and numerous comparison results illustrate that the proposed forecast framework is capable to accurately predict both normal electricity prices and price spikes.

The Aqishan-Yamansu belt in Eastern Tianshan (NW China) hosts several important Fe and Fe-Cu deposits, the origin of which is the subject of considerable debate. The coexistence of various types of ore-forming fluids makes it difficult to distinguish the genesis of the Fe-Cu deposits. We present detailed textural and compositional data on magnetite from the Paleozoic Shuanglong Fe-Cu deposit to constrain the formation of iron oxides and the evolution of the ore-forming fluids and thus define the genesis of the Fe-Cu ores.

Generating diverse and reasonable multi-vehicle trajectories provides data support for the development of autonomous driving. In this paper, we develop a dual variational autoencoder-based model (Dual-VAE) to interactively generate dynamically feasible vehicle trajectories in the vehicle-following scenario using the naturalistic driving dataset. Specifically, we propose a parallel framework and design a common objective function for maneuver-related vehicles, which ensures trajectory interactive generation. Then, we incorporate the dynamic constraint into the generation model to satisfy the feasible dynamic relations. Moreover, we provide metrics from perspectives of distribution similarity, trajectory deviation, and dynamic constraint enforcement to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model. We analyze the results by quantitatively calculating metrics and qualitatively analyzing trajectories. The results demonstrate that our model outperforms the baseline model and is capable of generating diverse, dynamically feasible, and interactive trajectories.

Nowadays, with the rapid development of cyber physical systems, IoT, and artificial intelligence, more and more attention has been paid to adapting the combination of smart, connected products and their generated services. Among these, smart product-service system (SPSS) with the unique features of smartness, connection, value co-creation, and data-driven has been widely concerned. Therefore, based on axiomatic design theory, the mapping from function domain to physical domain is a critical process in SPSS's conceptual design and the selecting of design parameters in physical domain has great impact on meeting multi-stakeholders’ benefits. Nevertheless, despite a few works on requirement conversion, it is not clear about the mapping mechanism under the target of value co-creation. Aiming to fill this gap, an integrated SPSS conceptual design method is proposed to solve the cross-domain mapping problem. It decomposes and reorganizes SPSS's function requirements with requirement development laws in TRIZ and divides the physical domain into product-related domain and service-related domain. Design parameters would be selected and evaluated by domain experts based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation from different dimensions, which could represent the benefit of multi-stakeholders. Next, a binary integer programming (BIP) model with restrictions from different stakeholders would be constructed, which could be regarded as a multi-objective optimization problem. To solve the BIP model, the genetic algorithm is used and the optimal design parameters combination could be generated as the output of this process. Finally, a case study is carried out to demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of the integrated approach for cross-domain mapping in SPSS conceptual design.

In the fuzzy front stage of product conceptual design, requirements are often expressed briefly as the expectation of product effect. However, the mapping relationship between this kind of effect expectation requirement and product design knowledge is difficult to explore and establish, and it is more difficult to guide designing process objectively. In order to expand product conceptual design ideas, professionally search the design solution space, and improve user satisfaction, this article proposes product design knowledge and engineering parameter mapping technologies that support conceptual design: First, construct a domain knowledge graph based on patent text. Extract entities-such as effect knowledge, functional knowledge, technical knowledge, and structural knowledge-and inter-entity relationships from patent texts through BERT technology to realize the construction of domain knowledge graph; Second, in view of the fuzziness and incompleteness of the front stage design requirements, by introducing General Engineering Parameters (GEPs), construct the domain product-engineering parameter-structure (PGS) mapping relationship library. On the one hand, the library realizes the professional representation and completion of the product design requirements from the engineering perspective; on the other hand, it improves the mapping relationship between the difficult-to-identify relationships between design requirements and their structural solutions in the domain knowledge graph; Third, a product conceptual design process model based on PGS is proposed. The model takes the professional and complete requirements expressed as engineering parameters as input, which matches patent candidate sets through effect knowledge in the domain knowledge graph. Then select and construct a structural solution morphology matrix through computational evaluation methods to support the generation of product design conceptions; Finally, an example of manipulator design verifies the effectiveness of the knowledge library and the technical solution proposed by this research.

It is prominent that conjugate gradient method is a high-efficient solution way for large-scale optimization problems. However, most of the conjugate gradient methods do not have sufficient descent property. In this paper, without any line search, the presented method can generate sufficient descent directions and trust region property. While use some suitable conditions, the global convergence of the method is established with Armijo line search. Moreover, we study the proposed method for solving nonsmooth problems and establish its global convergence. The experiments show that the presented method can be applied to solve smooth and nonsmooth unconstrained problems, image restoration problems and Muskingum model successfully.

This paper explores the applications of dichroic‐dye‐doped liquid crystal that is set to work as broadband light intensity modulator. Taking advantage of the residual voltage formed by mobile ions and excitation of electrohydrodynamic instabilities(EHDIs) in liquid crystal cell, pulse, sinusoidal and oscillating waveforms of the transmitted light with tunable frequency are demonstrated.

The paper introduces a dual‐cell smart window based on dichroic dyed‐doped liquid crystal. To promote light absorption, the rubbing directions of coated PI in each cell are made perpendicular to each other. Due to the crossed‐polarizer structure, very low transmittance of light is achieved. By varying the amplitude and frequency of the driving voltage, the window can be smoothly switched among transparent, dark and scattering states. Regular structures formed by the distortions of LC is observed through a thin film polarizer. At last, one cell working in light absorption mode while the other in dynamic scattering mode is demonstrated.

An in-house code, CONTHAC-3D, was developed to calculate and analyze thermal–hydraulic phenomena in containments during severe accidents. CONTHAC-3D is a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics code that can be applied to predict gas flow, diffusion, and steam condensation in a containment during a severe hypothetical accident, as well as to obtain an estimate of the local hydrogen concentration in various zones of the containment. CONTHAC-3D was developed using multiple models to simulate the features of the proprietary systems and equipment of HPR1000 and ACP100, such as the passive cooling system, passive autocatalytic recombiners and the passive air cooling system. To validate CONTHAC-3D, a GX6 test was performed at the Battelle Model Containment facility. The hydrogen concentration and temperature monitored by the GX6 test are accurately predicted by CONTHAC-3D. Subsequently, the hydrogen distribution in the HPR1000 containment during a severe accident was studied. The results show that the hydrogen removal rates calculated using CONTHAC-3D for different types of PARs agree well with the theoretical values, with an error of less than 1%. As the accident progresses, the hydrogen concentration in the lower compartment becomes higher than that in the large space, which implies that the lower compartment has a higher hydrogen risk than the dome and large space at a later stage of the accident. The amount of hydrogen removed by the PARs placed on the floor of the compartment is small; therefore, raising the installation height of these recombiners appropriately is recommended. However, we do not recommend installing all autocatalytic recombiners at high positions. The study findings in regard to the hydrogen distribution in the HPR1000 containment indicate that CONTHAC-3D can be applied to the study of hydrogen risk containment.

In recent years, interfacial solar steam generation (ISSG) has attracted considerable interest as a means of producing fresh water from various water sources. And photothermal materials play a crucial role in the ISSG system, significantly impacting the efficiency of water evaporation. Among the numerous photothermal materials for ISSG, natural photothermal materials have attracted extensive attention due to their eco-friendliness, renewability, and cost-effectiveness. These materials possess the essential attributes required for efficient solar interfacial evaporators, including hygroscopicity, solar absorption, and thermal conversion, making them well-suited for the large-scale development of high-performance interfacial evaporators. This review summarizes recent advances in the application of natural materials in the ISSG system, lists strategies to enhance the photothermal properties of natural materials, analyzes the design advantages and functionalities of natural materials in thermal management and water transport (major influencing factors of ISSG system's evaporation efficiency), and aims to provide references for research on natural materials in the field of ISSG system.

With the rapid progress of quantum cryptography, secret sharing has been developed in the quantum setting for achieving a high level of security, which is known as quantum secret sharing (QSS). The first QSS scheme was proposed by Hillery et al. in 1999 [Phys. Rev. A, Vol. 59, p.1829 (1999)] based on entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states. However, only 50% of the entangled quantum states are effective for eavesdropping detection and secret splitting in the original scheme. In this paper, we introduce a possible method, called measurement-delay strategy, to improve the qubit efficiency of the GHZ-based QSS scheme. By using this method, the qubit efficiency of the improved QSS scheme can reach 100% for both security detection and secret distribution. The improved QSS scheme can be implemented experimentally based on current technologies.

Severe infection and mechanical injury of the uterus may lead to infertility and miscarriage. Currently, there is a lack of effective treatment modality for functional repair of uterine injury. To address this clinical challenge, this study aimed to develop a chemotactic composite scaffold by incorporating recombinant human stromal cell-derived factor-1α (rhSDF-1α) into a silk fibroin-bacterial cellulose (SF-BC) membrane carrier. A rat model of uterine injury was utilized for this study, which was composed of three groups as follows: blank control, implantation with SF-BC only, or SF-BC loaded with rhSDF-1α. The tissue regeneration efficacy of the three groups was analyzed and compared. The results showed that SF-BC loaded with rhSDF-1α significantly enhanced endometrial regeneration and arteriogenesis of the injured rat uterus, which led to improved pregnancy outcomes, thus indicating much promise for functional uterine repair and regeneration.Impact StatementIn this study, we demonstrated that the silk fibroin-bacterial cellulose (SF-BC) membrane possessed good physical, chemical, and biocompatibility properties in vitro. The in vivostudy showed that the incorporation of recombinant human stromal cell-derived factor-1α (rhSDF-1α) within the SF-BC membrane promoted regeneration of full-thickness uterine injury and also improved the pregnancy outcome of the damaged uterus. The results thus suggest that SF-BC loaded with rhSDF-1α has good potential in future clinical applications for the repair of uterine injury.

The effects of the Maillard reaction precursors derived from different degree of hydrolysis (DH 5–25%) of bovine bone marrow extract (BBME) on aroma components, taste active substances, and sensory characteristics were investigated. In addition to the sensory evaluation, volatile compounds and umami taste compounds in the Maillard reaction products (MRPs) derived from enzymatic hydrolyzed bovine bone marrow extract (EH-BBME) were analyzed by gas chromatography–olfactrometry–mass spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The 10% of DH resulted in the optimal MRPs, which had high amounts of meaty aroma compounds (methional, octanal, nonanal, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, 2-acetylthiophene, etc. 332.41 ng/g), umani taste-active compounds (umami taste amino acids, 3.21 g/L; nucleotide, 20.80 g/L; peptides, 7.22 g/100 g; <1500 Da peptide, 44.27%), but low content of off-flavor compounds (4-isopropylbenzaldehyde, toluene, 1-octanol, dimethyl sulfide, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 3-methylphenol, acetic acid, dimethyl trisulfide, etc. 60.96 ng/g). MRPs of DH lower than 10% had lower peptide amount (5.15 g/100 g) as well as the content of meaty compounds (DH = 5%, 119.00 ng/g). MRPs derived from EH-BBME with DH of 25% had highest content of meaty aroma compounds (455.70 ng/g), while also had higher content of off-flavor compounds (85.59 ng/g) and highest bitter taste amino acid (28.4 g/L), which was not prefferable. Integrate data from all aspects, the results suggesting that EH-BBME with DH of 10% was the most suitable DH to produce flavorings through the Maillard reaction for providing abundant thermal reaction base material and best contributed to the favourable aroma and taste, which has been tested by industrial production.

In this study, a highly reproducible Ag NP loaded polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) SERS substrate was fabricated by a simple template lithography method. Sandpaper, a widely available material with various roughnesses, was used as the template, which allowed convenient large-area preparation (∼154 cm2) of the flexible SERS substrate with extremely low costs. In order to obtain the highest SERS sensitivity, the roughness of sandpaper and the loading amount of Ag NPs were optimized. With Rhodamine 6G (R6G) as the probe, the limit of detection (LOD) reached 4 femto moles. It is also worth mentioning that, even in the case of large-area production, the substrate has high signal stability (relative standard deviation (RSD) 11.9%) and sensitivity. Furthermore, different from previous reports in the literature, this substrate can not only be used for Raman enhancement but also provide the direct surface sampling capability. In addition, the SERS properties of the substrate before and after stretching were also investigated, and the results showed that the stretching had minimum impact on the SERS performance, which ensured the practical applications of the substrate. Cherry tomatoes spiked with pesticides (triazophos and methyl parathion) were successfully analyzed with virtually no sample pretreatment. The LOD of the substrate was found to be 7.9 ng for both pesticides.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most serious microvascular complication during the development of diabetes with the characterizations of glomerular basement membrane thickening, mesangial expansion, and glomerular sclerosis, eventually leading to end-stage renal disease. This study aimed to investigate the melioration effect of Codonopisis tangshenOliv. (COD) on the DKD model, which was established by unilateral nephrectomy (UN)-high fat diet feeding (HFD) combined with streptozotocin (STZ). After the DKD rats were oral treated with COD at a dose of 2.7 mg/kg for 4 consecutive weeks, the blood glucose, lipid metabolism, renal function, inflammatory mediators, and fibrosis-associated proteins were examined. In vivo, the COD administration obviously relieved the weight loss, water intake, and blood glucose; decreased the total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels; and improved the renal function by reducing the expression of serum creatinine, uric acid, and urinary protein compared with the model group. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and IL-6 were significantly inhibited by COD. Meanwhile, the deposition of collagen fiber was markedly increased, and the protein and mRNA expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin were markedly elevated in DKD rats, but they were decreased to some extent after the COD treatment. In conclusion, COD exhibited a protective effect on the UN-HFD feeding combined with STZ-induced DKD model by improving the blood glucose and lipid metabolism, relieving the inflammatory response, and mitigating the renal fibrosis, which provided scientific evidence for its applications in clinic.

In this study, porous chitosan (CS) coated Ag NPs embedded filter paper (CAEFP) was fabricated for point-of-use water disinfection application. Thanks for the presence of CS coating, the tensile strength of the CAEFP in wet condition was found to be 1.8 MPa, 700% increase compared with where there was no CS coating, making it much more durable. In addition, the coating with CS could greatly boost the Ag NPs loading without worrying about the excessive release of Ag into the treated water, thereby significantly improving the bactericidal efficiency but still be safe to drink in terms of Ag release. Furthermore, by controlling the amount of CS used, the flow rate and bactericidal efficiency of the CAEFP could be manipulated (customized). When the CS content increased from 0.5 to 2.0 wt %, the flow rate of CAEFP would drop from 9.3 to 0.53 L/min/m2, and the bactericidal efficiency against Escherichia coliand Bacillus subtiliscould improve from 4 and 3.6 to 4.9 and 4.8 log reduction, respectively. At optimum condition, the total Ag in treated water by CAEFP was below 45 μg/L, only 1/10 of that from Ag NPs loaded filter paper without CS coating, half of the WHO drinking water requirement (<100 μg/L). Natural surface water samples were used for the demonstration of the bactericidal performance of the CAEFP. Both the total bacterial and E. colicounts met the WHO standard.

Learning team has become an important foundation for collaborative work. In a team, according to the knowledge of members and task requirements, how to recommend learning resources to the appropriate team member is a key factor of success. This paper firstly reviewed related methods and concepts in knowledge management and recommendation. Then, it constructed different models for task, knowledge, team member and learning resource. The two strategies of resources recommendation were proposed. One was based on similarity measurement and another is based on knowledge background and experience of team members. Based on the two strategies, learning resources were recommended to team members. Finally, the prototype system was built for practical validation.

The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant capability and preventive effect of probiotics on high fat diet induced oxidative damage. Thirty male rats were randomly divided into three groups.The control group consumed a normal standard diet (5% fat, w:w), the high fat diet group received a high fat diet (20% fat, w:w), and probiotics group received a high fat diet supplemented with 2% probiotics. After 6 weeks, antioxidant capability of liver was determined and DNA fragmentation of liver cell was determined using a comet assay. The results showed that high fat diet could induce oxidative stress, shown as significant increases in lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide free radical, significant decrease in activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, the percentage of DNA fragmentation was markedly increased, compared with control group. These alterations were significantly reversed in probiotics supplemented group and had no significant difference in antioxidant capability, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage compared with control group. Present observation indicated the probiotics had antioxidant property, which could scavenge free radical and enhance antioxidant defense system, and had the positive protective function on oxidative damage.

Team collaboration for project implementation has become the main pattern in modern work. How to allocate tasks to the right team member is the key for project completion. The paper firstly reviewed the related methods and concepts of team collaboration and knowledge sharing. Then the model of knowledge was built. Based on knowledge model, this paper built the model of the task and the team member. According to the knowledge background and project experience of team members, the paper proposed an allocation model which automatically allocated tasks in group work. Finally, a prototype system was developed for practical validation.

Adjuvant therapies play an important role in delaying the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with resectable tumor. Among the available options, use of radionuclides is an effective strategy. This meta-analysis aims to examine the evidence pertaining to the effectiveness of adjuvant therapy with intra-arterial iodine-131-labeled lipiodol (131I-lipiodol) to hepatic resection of HCC.

With the technological development and social demand, an increasing number of multi-field complex products come into being and call for the research and development (R&D) of many enterprises. Since the R&D is related to a large amount of knowledge, it is of great significance to realize effective knowledge sharing and establish an incentive mechanism to promote the knowledge sharing. This study constructed an inter-organizational knowledge sharing model for cooperative R&D and a static inter-organizational knowledge sharing game theory model. Subsequently, it analyzed the decision matrix of cooperative organizations in detail. Finally, it proposed an incentive mechanism to realize knowledge sharing, which a feasible method for improving the effect of the inter-organizational knowledge sharing in cooperative R&D.

The strength and stiffness of humanoid massage robot arm are the main factors that they affect the dynamic characteristics and positioning accuracy under the action of the load. In order to analysis the strength and stiffness characteristics of humanoid massage robot arm. With SolidWorks we establish parametric model and by finite element analysis software ANSYS analyses the strength and stiffness of key parts and components. Emulational results show that the stiffness and strength of humanoid massage robot arm that we design and invent meet the design requirements, lay a foundation for further optimization design.

This article describes the overall structure of the watercraft simulator. The simulator simulates the battle positions of a certain type of landing craft equipment operation, using state-of-the-art visual display and stereoscopic projection technology. Communicate with the computer simulation device through the data acquisition card (AM9110), visual 3D modeling software (3D MAX / Studio, MultiGen, etc.) to complete, three-dimensional projection system to the edge of fusion technology, and edge blending processor and projector with used to form the big-resolution three-dimensional visual field. The results show that the 225° annular three-dimensional visual field and visual field 135 ° 360 ° visual field watercrafts realistic driving simulator training and good features.

Clouds are an important part of natural environment. The realistic simulation of cloud is a challenging topic in computer graphics. This paper proposes a simple, efficient approach based on computer vision and particle system to model various 3D clouds. This method use computer vision technology to extract 3D structure information of clouds from images, then using particles technology to fill the 3D space and render the cloud. This method is suitable to model all kinds of clouds, such as stratus, cumulus, cirrus etc. It is an improvement over earlier systems that modeled only one type of cloud.

In this paper, we present an algorithm about distance calculation based on RSSI of RF. To calculate value of RSSI according to the classic model of signal attenuation, Radio propagation path loss model and formula of received signal strength, establish the relationship chart between the distance and RSSI value. And through the wireless module CC2430 of ETC system for real-time data collection. Compared with the theoretical data and the measured data. Do the correction through calibration model. Resulting more perfect algorithm about distance calculation.

Abstract Isopiestic measurements have been carried out at the temperature 298.15 K for the quinary system (water + mannitol(sat) + sodium chloride + ammonium chloride + barium chloride) saturated with mannitol and its ternary sub-systems (water + mannitol(sat) + sodium chloride), (water + mannitol(sat) + ammonium chloride) and (water + mannitol(sat) + barium chloride). Taking aqueous sodium chloride as reference solutions, osmotic coefficients of the other aqueous solutions were determined. The experimental results show that the isopiestic activities of the quinary system in relation to its ternary sub-systems are in excellent agreement with the ideal-like solution model.

Abstract.:  To determine the effects of a bisphosphonate on the quality of bone morphogenetic protein-(BMP-) induced bone, incadronate was administered to rats in which subcutaneous ectopic bones were induced by recombinant human BMP-2. Incadronate (1 μg/kg/day) was administered to rats carrying the BMP-induced bones three times per week, from the 3rd to 7th week after BMP implantation (incadronate group). Aliquots of phosphate-buffered saline were administered in the same protocol without incadronate to the control group. During the 3rd, 4th, 7th, or 10th week, the BMP-induced bones were removed and observed by contact microradiography (CMR), H&E staining, enzyme histochemistry for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and immunohistochemistry for cathepsin K. By 3 weeks when administration of incadronate began, woven bones formed in the periphery of the BMP pellets and osteoclasts were attached to these bones. At 4 weeks, in both the incadronate and control groups, bone formation advanced inward. However, in the incadronate group, poorly calcified areas, corresponding to the remaining BMP pellets, were found in the middle areas of bone formation, whereas osteoclasts decreased when compared with those of the control group. During the 10 weeks, bone marrow was formed and the characteristics of lamellar bones, in which the lacunae of small osteocytes were regularly arranged, were noted in the control group. In contrast, the poorly calcified areas were still present up to 10 weeks in incadronate group in which the osteoclasts were also scarcer than in the control group. These findings suggested that osteoclast-mediated bone resorption was inhibited by incadronate administration, and that immature bones including the BMP pellets remained for a long time, indicating that the process of bone maturation was blocked. The possibility of using incadronate for the purpose of inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption was confirmed, but further study is needed before clinical application.

The inter‐incisal distanceand dimension of the interdental papilla between the mandibular incisors were examined in cyclosporin A (CSA) fed rats over 6 weeks. Rats in the test group received CSA daily in mineral oil by gastric feeding (30 mg/kg body weight); the control group received mineral oil only. The inter‐incisal distance and gingival dimensions, including bucco‐lingual width and vertical height, were assessed biweekly from alginate impressed stone models. Animals were sacrificed at the end of the study and tissue sections were obtained from the anterior region of the mandible for histopathological evaluation. Both the inter‐incisal distance and the dimension of the interdental papilla were significantly greater in CSA‐exposed animals compared to control. The significant alteration appeared earlier in the papillary dimensions than that in the interdental distance. Particular histopathological alterations of the soft and hard tissues of the periodontium were observed in CSA‐exposed animals. Within hmitations of the study, we suggest that the CSA‐induced gingival overgrowth may offer an active force contributing to observed tooth movement, however, remarkable alveolar remodeling should be considered as an undetermined factor for the movement. J Periodontol 1997;68:1231–1236.

Interfacial solar evaporation (ISE) is an environmentally friendly and promising water treatment strategy. However, the bactericidal performance of an ISE system during the evaporation process is usually ignored, which may result in potential water safety hazards. In this study, a facile method is presented for the controllable synthesis of Ag quantum dots (QDs)/rGO to simultaneously achieve efficient solar evaporation and evaporated water disinfection. The size of the Ag nanoparticles (NPs) rather than the loading amount is the factor that considerably affects the solar evaporation efficiency and the bactericidal performance. Under 1 sun of irradiation (1 kW·m2), the evaporation rate and solar evaporation efficiency of Ag QDs/rGO are as high as 2.11 kg·m2·h–1and 94.0%, respectively. Based on E. coliand S. aureus, the bactericidal activity of Ag QDs/rGO in the evaporation process is qualitatively and quantitatively characterized; no bacteria could be detected in the evaporated water. Furthermore, various water samples, including acidic water, alkaline water, dye water, and seawater, are selected to verify the solar evaporation performance of Ag QDs/rGO. When considering complex water samples, the as-prepared material maintains a high evaporation efficiency and an excellent purification effect, indicating attractive potential for various practical applications.

The nonlinear finite element model of the top guard is established. The contact arithmetic and loading method are discussed. The time-deformation curves of loading center are gained. The falling object experiment is carried out on the test equipment. The simulation results are accord well with the experimental ones. The dynamic simulation of the hydraulic excavators' top guard provides the basis for the structural design.

The reaction of 1,3-dipropyn-2-yloxycalix[4]arene with mercury(II) acetate could give mercury-containing alkynyl calixarene polymer. The extraction behavior of 1,3-dipropyn-2-yl-oxycalix[4]arene towards mercury(II) ion was examined. When the mole ratio of Hg2+/calixarene was 1:1, the extractive percent can reach to 99.1%, and the extraction capacity was up to 431mg/g. It could also decrease the Hg2+ concentration from 5 to 0.85mg/L, which was only 17% of the national standard of effluent and satisfied the national standard of drinking water. The extraction process included chemical reaction.