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Background:Little is known about the long‐term outcome of oxidized surface oral implants, especially in periodontitis‐susceptible smokers. The aim of this study is to determine implant survival and marginal bone loss at turned and oxidized implants in smokers and never‐smokers with periodontitis. Methods:Forty smokers and 40 never‐smokers with experience of advanced periodontal disease, treated with implants 5 years previously, are included in this study. Groups were matched for sex, oral hygiene, and implant distribution, and patients were subgrouped by implant surface type (turned or oxidized). Results:The overall implant survival rate was 96.9% in never‐smokers and 89.6% in smokers. Compared with oxidized implants, turned implants failed more frequently in smokers. In smokers, mean (standard error of the mean) marginal bone loss at 5 years was 1.54 (0.21) mm at turned and 1.16 (0.24) mm at oxidized implants. In never‐smokers, significantly greater bone loss was found at oxidized implants, 1.26 (0.15) mm, than at turned implants, 0.84 (0.14) mm. Oxidized implants demonstrated similar bone loss for both groups. Turned implants lost significantly more bone in smokers. Compared with never‐smokers, the smokers’ likelihood ratio for implant failure was 4.68, 6.40 for turned and 0.00 for oxidized implants. Conclusions:The results of the study underscore the need for prevention and cessation of smoking. Turned implants failed more frequently and lost more marginal bone in smokers. In contrast, oxidized implants showed similar failure rates and bone loss in smokers and never‐smokers. Turned implants displayed less bone loss than oxidized implants in never‐smokers. Oxidized surface implants are more suitable for patients susceptible to periodontitis who smoke.

Background: Oral implant treatment (Brånemark System) of edentulous mandibles has been presented in numerous studies. However, with regard to the severely atrophic lower jaw, no long‐term follow‐up studies with solely short implants are available.

Objective:Studies in vitro carried out on extracted teeth have demonstrated that bacterial elements may penetrate root fillings from the coronal to the apical end after a period of exposure to artificial saliva or bacterial culture. To address the clinical significance of this so-called issue of coronal leakage, a retrospective cohort analysis was conducted of 55 patients with root fillings that had been exposed to the oral environment because of caries or absent restorations. Study Design:Cases were matched 1-to-1 with regard to initial pulpal and periapical diagnosis, period after completion of endodontic therapy, tooth type, age of the patient, and the technical quality of the root filling. Only cases with a follow-up period of 3 years or more were included. Radiographs taken at the last follow-up examination were subjected to a masked evaluation. Results:A total of 14 osteolytic lesions were recorded. In 43 of the 55 matched pairs (78%), there were identical periapical conditions. In 9 pairs, a periapical lesion was present in the “open” tooth category, whereas in 3 pairs, a periapical lesion was seen exclusively in the “intact” tooth. Though the odds-ratio for a lesion to be present in the “open group” was 3.0, this was not a statistically significant result (P>.10). Conclusions:Data suggest that the problem of coronal leakage may not be of such a great clinical importance as implicated by numerous studies in vitro, provided instrumentation and root fillings are carefully performed. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000;90:354-9)

Background: One of the objectives of postoperative radiographic examinations of implants is to evaluate the marginal bone height and its changes over time.

Background: Endosseous dental implants are used frequently, and many implant systems are available. The scientific documentation of the implant system presents a great variation, and it is often difficult to compare studies of different systems.

Background: Brånemark fixtures were originally prescribed to be placed in two surgical stages. During the past years, reports on the placement of machined titanium implants in a one‐stage procedure have been published, and the results have been encouraging. Recendy there has been considerable interest in early or immediate loading.

Background: Evaluation of jaw bone quality at implant placement is mainly based on preoperative radiographic assessments and subjective hand registrations during implant site preparation. An objective technique with cutting torque measurements has been introduced, presenting an objective bone quality or bone hardness value of individual implant sites.

Objectives.The aim of this study was to test the influence of radiation dose on image quality in mandibular preimplant computed tomographic examinations and to compare the quality of computed and conventional spiral tomographic images. Study Design.Cross-sectional images were obtained on 17 patients with conventional spiral tomography (Scanora technique) and reformatted computed tomography at 40 and 80 mAs. Observers graded the acceptability of images for implant planning and traced the contour of the mandibular body and canal. Results.Conventional spiral tomographic images scored significantly higher than computed tomographic images whereas mean score differences between computed tomographic techniques were not statistically significant. Anatomic structures, in particular the mandibular canal, were more frequently untraceable in high-dose than in low-dose computed tomography but always traceable in conventional tomograms. Conclusion.Conventional spiral tomograms were subjectively preferred over computed tomographic images. For mandibular implant planning, computed tomography examinations can be performed with lower-than-standard mAs. Quantum noise seems to contribute to the visibility of anatomic structures in reformatted computed tomographic images. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1999;88:738-44)

Subtraction and conventional radiography were evaluated for their diagnostic potential to assess interradicular bone lesions in the mandibular premolar region. Both conventional radiographs and subtraction images were interpreted by 10 observers. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) technique was used to compare the two techniques. The diagnostic validity was higher for the subtraction technique, both for lesions confined to cancellous bone and for lesions including the cortical bone, than for the conventional technique. For bone defects confined to cancellous bone the diagnostic accuracy was lower than those reported from periapical bone lesions irrespective of whether subtraction or conventional radiography was used. We conclude that subtraction radiography improves the detectability of bone lesions, shallow ones in particular. Lesions in the interradicular bone are more difficult to detect than those in the periapical bone. □ Apical periodontitis; dental radiography; subtraction radiography