Search

Traditional treatments against advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with high morbidity and mortality continue to be dissatisfactory. Given this situation, there is an urgent requirement for alternative modalities that provide lower invasiveness, superior clinical effectiveness, and minimal adverse effects. The combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and immunotherapy gradually become a promising approach for high-grade malignant NSCLC. Nevertheless, owing to the absence of precise drug delivery techniques as well as the hypoxic and immunosuppressive characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME), the efficacy of this combination therapy approach is less than ideal. In this study, we construct a novel nanoplatform that indocyanine green (ICG), a photosensitizer, loads into hollow manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanospheres (NPs) (ICG@MnO2), and then encapsulated in PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (anti-PD-L1) reprogrammed exosomes (named ICG@MnO2@Exo-anti-PD-L1), to effectively modulate the TME to oppose NSCLC by the synergy of PDT and immunotherapy modalities. The ICG@MnO2@Exo-anti-PD-L1 NPs are precisely delivered to the tumor sites by targeting specially PD-L1 highly expressed cancer cells to controllably release anti-PD-L1 in the acidic TME, thereby activating T cell response. Subsequently, upon endocytic uptake by cancer cells, MnO2catalyzes the conversion of H2O2to O2, thereby alleviating tumor hypoxia. Meanwhile, ICG further utilizes O2to produce singlet oxygen (1O2) to kill tumor cells under 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. Furthermore, a high level of intratumoral H2O2reduces MnO2to Mn2+, which remodels the immune microenvironment by polarizing macrophages from M2 to M1, further driving T cells. Taken together, the current study suggests that the ICG@MnO2@Exo-anti-PD-L1 NPs could act as a novel drug delivery platform for achieving multimodal therapy in treating NSCLC.

Tianhuang Formula (THF) is a hospital formula summarized by Professor Jiao Guo's 30 years of clinical experience. Some studies have shown that it can alleviate dyslipidemia in the body. The purpose of this study is to confirm whether THF can improve non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) in type 2 diabetic mice induced by high-fat diet (HFD)/streptomycin (STZ) and to clarify its potential mechanism.

Graphical Abstract:

Byline: Ke-Fen. Zhang, Jun. Wang, Jiao. Guo, Yue-Ying. Huang, Tian-Ren. Huang Objective: Radiotherapy becomes more and more important in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to the development of technology, especially in [...]

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death, and the 5 year survival rate is only 4%. Chemotherapy is the treatment option for the majority of PC patients diagnosed at an advanced stage, whereas the desmoplastic stroma of PC could block the perfusion of chemotherapeutic agents to tumor tissues and contribute generally to chemoresistance. Therefore, the clinical status of PC calls for an urgent exploration in the effective treatment strategy. Chemo-phototherapy is an emerging modality against malignant tumors, but owing to the low targeting ability of theranostic agents or unspecific accumulation in the tumor region, majority of chemo-phototherapy techniques have disappointing therapeutic efficiencies. Herein, we have explored CD71-specific targeting aptamers and paclitaxel (PTX)-modified polydopamine (PDA) nanospheres with the conjugation of peptidomimetic AV3 (termed Apt-PDA@PTX/AV3 bioconjugates) to specifically target and combat PC in vivo by synergistic chemo-phototherapy. After the delivery of nanotheranostic agents to the tumor microenvironment (TME) or subsequent endocytic uptake by PC cells, a simultaneous release of AV3 and PTX from Apt-PDA@PTX/AV3 bioconjugates via near-infrared (NIR) irradiation can decrease desmoplastic stroma to enhance tumor perfusion and tumor-killing effects. Meanwhile, PDA cores utilize NIR laser to create unendurable hyperthermia within TME to “cook” tumors. Taken together, the current study finally suggests that our Apt-PDA@PTX/AV3 bioconjugates could act as a novel therapeutic approach by synergistic chemo-phototherapy for the programmable inhibition of PC.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a prominent mycotoxin showing significant accumulation in cereal plants during infection by the phytopathogen Fusarium graminearum. It is a virulence factor that is important in the spread of F. graminearumwithin cereal heads, and it causes serious yield losses and significant contamination of cereal grains. In recent decades, genetic and genomic studies have facilitated the characterization of the molecular pathways of DON biosynthesis in F. graminearumand the environmental factors that influence DON accumulation. In addition, diverse scab resistance traits related to the repression of DON accumulation in plants have been identified, and experimental studies of wheat–pathogen interactions have contributed to understanding detoxification mechanisms in host plants. The present review illustrates and summarizes the molecular networks of DON mycotoxin production in F. graminearumand the methods of DON detoxification in plants based on the current literature, which provides molecular targets for crop improvement programs. This review also comprehensively discusses recent advances and challenges related to genetic engineering-mediated cultivar improvements to strengthen scab resistance. Furthermore, ongoing advancements in genetic engineering will enable the application of these molecular targets to develop more scab-resistant wheat cultivars with DON detoxification traits.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is one of the major antioxidants in vivoand is expected to play critical roles on the defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated damages, such as ionizing radiation damages. Herein, inspired by the function and structure of natural SODs and cerium oxide nanozymes, two monovalent cerium-based metal organic frameworks (Ce-MOFs), CeIIIBTC and CeIVBTC, were designed for superoxide radical (O2•–) elimination and ionizing radiation protection. These two Ce-MOFs selectively scavenge O2•–and are excellent SOD mimics. Like natural SODs and cerium oxide nanozymes, the SOD-like catalytic mechanism of Ce-MOFs involves a cycle between Ce(IV) and Ce(III). Furthermore, by constructing monovalent Ce-MOFs, we found that high-valent CeIVBTC are more effective SOD-like nanozymes compared to CeIIIBTC. With smaller size, better monodispersity, and more effective SOD-like activity, CeIVBTC nanozymes were further applied for ionizing radiation protection. Both in vitroand in vivoresults demonstrated that CeIVBTC nanozymes could efficiently scavenge ROS, prevent cells from γ-ray radiation-induced cell viability decrease and DNA damages, and improve the survival rate of irradiated mice by recovering the bone marrow DNA damage and alleviating oxidative stress of tissues. The protective effect and good biocompatibility of CeIVBTC nanozymes will enable the development of Ce-MOFs-based radioprotectants and facilitate treatment of other ROS-related diseases.

Global energy crisis and climate change have caused widespread concern about the development of the biomass energy industry. China has committed to exploring feasible policies to promote the development of the biomass energy industry. To analyze the impact of China’s energy tax subsidy policy (ETS) on the development of densified biomass fuel (DBF) industry, this study constructs a partial equilibrium model of the densified biomass fuel industry sector to quantitatively evaluate and optimize the effect of China’s current ETS policy based on the compilation of input–output table for the biomass energy industry sector in China. The results indicate that 1) under the current policy scenario, the price of DBF in China decreased by 15.05%, the supply increased by 40.75%, and the demand increased by 18.62%, while the price of raw biomass (RB) decreased by 14.75%, the supply increased by 42.44%, and the demand increased by 29.41%, and the revenue of enterprises increased by 20.42%. However, compared to China’s 13th Five-Year Plan national DBF development target, there is still a supply and demand gap of 16,560,549 tons. 2) under the optimized policy scenario premised on accomplishing the Chinese government’s DBF development goals, the price of DBF in China decreased by 6.9%, supply increased by 128.5%, and demand increased by 44.5%, while the price of raw biomass decreased by 7.84%, supply increased by 133.34%, demand increased by 45.71%, and corporate earnings rose by 112.1% but required the government to pay extremely high tax benefits and financial subsidies for this, which is not feasible in actual economic operation. Therefore, to support the sustainable development of the DBF industry, relevant departments should not only set the mandatory total target but also pursue production quality and market construction.

Panax notoginseng, a traditional Chinese medicine, exerts beneficial effect on diabetic kidney disease (DKD), but its mechanism is not well clarified. In this study we investigated the effects of ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), the main active ingredients of Panax notoginseng, in alleviating podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy and the underlying mechanisms. In cultured mouse podocyte cells, Rb1 (10 μM) significantly inhibited high glucose-induced cell apoptosis and mitochondrial injury. Furthermore, Rb1 treatment reversed high glucose-induced increases in Cyto c, Caspase 9 and mitochondrial regulatory protein NOX4, but did not affect the upregulated expression of aldose reductase (AR). Molecular docking analysis revealed that Rb1 could combine with AR and inhibited its activity. We compared the effects of Rb1 with eparestat, a known aldose reductase inhibitor, in high glucose-treated podocytes, and found that both alleviated high glucose-induced cell apoptosis and mitochondrial damage, and Rb1 was more effective in inhibiting apoptosis. In AR-overexpressing podocytes, Rb1 (10 μM) inhibited AR-mediated ROS overproduction and protected against high glucose-induced mitochondrial injury. In streptozotocin-induced DKD mice, administration of Rb1 (40 mg·kg−1·d−1, ig, for 7 weeks) significantly mitigated diabetic-induced glomerular injuries, such as glomerular hypertrophy and mesangial matrix expansion, and reduced the expression of apoptotic proteins. Collectively, Rb1 combines with AR to alleviate high glucose-induced podocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial damage, and effectively mitigates the progression of diabetic kidney disease.

The artificial enzymes at the atomic level have shown great potential in chemical biology and nanomedicine, and modulation of catalytic selectivity is also critical to the application of nanozymes. In this work, atomic precision Ag25clusterzymes protected by single- and dual-ligand were developed. Further, the catalytic activity and selectivity of Ag25clusterzymes were modulated by adjusting doping elements and ligand. The Ag24Pt1shows more prominent antioxidant activity characteristics in the dual-ligand system, while the Ag24Cu1possesses the superoxide dismutase-like (SOD-like) activity regardless of the single- or dual-ligand system, indicating modulated catalytic selectivity. In vitroexperiments showed the Ag24Pt1-D can recover radiation induced DNA damages and eliminate the excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from radiation. Subsequent in vivoradiation protection experiments reveal that Ag24Cu1-S and Ag24Pt1-D can improve the survival rate of irradiated mice from 0 to 40% and 30%, respectively. The detailed biological experiments confirm that the Ag24Cu1-S and Ag24Pt1-D can recover the SOD and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) levels via suppressing the chronic inflammation reaction. Nearly 60% of Ag24Cu1-S and Ag24Pt1-D can be excreted after a 1 day injection, and no obvious toxicological reactions were observed 30 days after injection.

A dual‐view 3‐D display with multiple resolutions is proposed. The proposed 3‐D display consists of a 2‐D display panel and a parallax barrier. The parallax barrier can project the parallax image on the 2‐D display panel into views and form several viewing zones. By making viewing zones overlapping, the proposed 3‐D display can improve the resolution of the image in the overlapped area and provide multiple resolutions. Finally, the resolution is improved at the center area of a viewing zone, where there is high‐probability viewing position of the observers. A prototype is developed to verify the principle. The experimental results show that the proposed 3‐D display can improve resolution. Viewing zones overlapping is applied to improve resolution of dual‐view 3‐D display and provide multiple resolutions. The viewing zones overlapping is achieved by projecting viewing zones with different width to the same position. A prototype with two kinds of resolution is also fabricated.

Lassa virus (LASV) is an enveloped, negative-sense RNA virus that causes Lassa hemorrhagic fever. Successful entry of LASV requires the viral glycoprotein 1 (GP1) to undergo a receptor switch from its primary receptor alpha-dystroglycan (α-DG) to its endosomal receptor lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1). A conserved histidine triad in LASV GP1 has been reported to be responsible for receptor switch. To test the hypothesis that other non-conserved residues also contribute to receptor switch, we constructed a series of mutant LASV GP1 proteins and tested them for binding to LAMP1. Four residues, L84, K88, L107, and H170, were identified as critical for receptor switch. Substituting any of the four residues with the corresponding lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) residue (L84 ​N, K88E, L10F, and H170S) reduced the binding affinity of LASV GP1 for LAMP1. Moreover, all mutations caused decreases in glycoprotein precursor (GPC)-mediated membrane fusion at both pH 4.5 and 5.2. The infectivity of pseudotyped viruses bearing either GPCL84Nor GPCK88Edecreased sharply in multiple cell types, while L107F and H170S had only mild effects on infectivity. Using biolayer light interferometry assay, we found that all four mutants had decreased binding affinity to LAMP1, in the order of binding affinity being L84 ​N ​> ​L107F ​> ​K88E ​> ​H170S. The four amino acid loci identified for the first time in this study have important reference significance for the in-depth investigation of the mechanism of receptor switching and immune escape of LASV occurrence and the development of reserve anti-LASV infection drugs.

ABSTRACTGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by the development of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance during the second or third trimester of pregnancy, associated with considerable risks to both the mother and developing fetus. Although emerging evidence suggests an association between the altered gut microbiota and GDM, remarkably little is known about the microbial and metabolic mechanisms that link the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota to the development of GDM. In this study, a metagenome-wide association study and serum metabolomics profiling were performed in a cohort of pregnant women with GDM and pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). We identified gut microbial alterations associated with GDM and linked to the changes in circulating metabolites. Blood metabolite profiles revealed that GDM patients exhibited a marked increase in 2-hydroxybutyric acid and L-alpha-aminobutyric acid, but a decrease in methionine sulfoxide, allantoin, and dopamine and dopaminergic synapse, when compared with those in NGT controls. Short-chain fatty acid-producing genera, including Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, and Streptococcus, and species Bacteroides coprophilus, Eubacterium siraeum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Prevotella copri, and Prevotella stercorea, were significantly reduced in GDM patients relative to those in NGT controls. Bacterial co-occurrence network analysis revealed that pro-inflammatory bacteria were over-represented as the core species in GDM patients. These microbial and metabolic signatures are closely associated with clinical parameters of glucose metabolism in GDM patients and NGT controls. In conclusion, we identified circulating dopamine insufficiency, imbalanced production of SCFAs, and excessive metabolic inflammation as gut microbiota-driven multiple parallel hits linked to GDM development. This work might explain in part the mechanistic link between altered gut microbiota and GDM pathogenesis, and suggest that gut microbiota may serve as a promising target to intervene in GDM.

Diabetes and its related metabolic disorders have been reported as the leading comorbidities in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This clinical study aims to investigate the clinical features, radiographic and laboratory tests, complications, treatments, and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients with or without diabetes. This retrospective study included 208 hospitalized patients (≥ 45 years old) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 during the period between 12 January and 25 March 2020. Information from the medical record, including clinical features, radiographic and laboratory tests, complications, treatments, and clinical outcomes, were extracted for the analysis. 96 (46.2%) patients had comorbidity with type 2 diabetes. In COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes, the coexistence of hypertension (58.3% vs 31.2%), coronary heart disease (17.1% vs 8.0%), and chronic kidney diseases (6.2% vs 0%) was significantly higher than in COVID-19 patients without type 2 diabetes. The frequency and degree of abnormalities in computed tomography (CT) chest scans in COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes were markedly increased, including ground-glass opacity (85.6% vs 64.9%, P < 0.001) and bilateral patchy shadowing (76.7% vs 37.8%, P < 0.001). In addition, the levels of blood glucose (7.23 mmol·L−1(interquartile range (IQR): 5.80–9.29) vs 5.46 mmol·L−1(IQR: 5.00–6.46)), blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (2.21 mmol·L−1(IQR: 1.67–2.76) vs 1.75 mmol·L−1(IQR: 1.27–2.01)), and systolic pressure (130 mmHg (IQR: 120–142) vs 122 mmHg (IQR: 110–137)) (1 mmHg = 133.3 Pa) in COVID-19 patients with diabetes were significantly higher than in patients without diabetes (P < 0.001). The coexistence of type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders is common in patients with COVID-19, which may potentiate the morbidity and aggravate COVID-19 progression. Optimal management of the metabolic hemostasis of glucose and lipids is the key to ensuring better clinical outcomes. Increased clinical vigilance is warranted for COVID-19 patients with diabetes and other metabolic diseases that are fundamental and chronic conditions.

In this paper, we proposed a light field resampling method for generating elemental image array (EIA) of integral imaging. The proposed method can break through the constraints between parameters of traditional integral imaging record device and display device and allow to generate a new set of EIA suited to be displayed in an integral imaging display device with arbitrary parameters from any given recorded EIA. Three‐dimensional display results show the correctness and superiority of the proposed method. In this paper, we proposed a light field resampling method for generating elemental image array of integral imaging. It consists of two steps that are 3D coordinates restoration and light field resampling. The proposed method can generate a new set of EIA suited to be displayed in an integral imaging display device with arbitrary parameters from any given recorded EIA.

Obesity has an important influence on health conditions, causing a multitude of complications and comorbidities, and drug therapy is considered to be one of the treatment strategies. Nowadays, there is increasing interest in the study of intestinal microbiota regulation of obesity; also, an increasing number of agricultural and sideline products have been found to have anti-obesity potential. In the present review, we summarize an overview of current known and potential anti-obesity oligosaccharides and their molecular structures. We describe their anti-obesity potential activity and the molecular structure associated with this activity, the regulation of intestinal microbiota composition and its mechanism of action, including regulation of the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) pathway and altering bile acid (BA) pathway. This review will provide new ideas for us to develop new anti-obesity functional foods.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Carbonylation with CO surrogates is one of the most common methods for introduction of carbonyl groups in ketone synthesis. However, arylhydrazides have not been used as an aryl source in this denitrogenative method even though they are cheap and accessible. Here, we report development of palladium catalysis for the three‐component reactions of arylboronic acids, CO‐surrogates (benzene‐1,3,5‐triyl triformate), and arylhydrazides under oxygen conditions to produce diaryl ketones. (Hetero)arylhydrazides, as well as (hetero)arylboronic acids are suitable reaction partners, and good functional group compatibility was achieved. This method could be used for streamlined synthesis of diaryl ketones, ketoprofen and fenofibrate. A Pd‐catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of arylhydrazines and phenylboronic acids which provides access to diaryl ketones with N2and H2O as the only byproducts is reported.

Macrophages play an important role in a wide variety of physiologic and pathologic processes. Plasticity and functional polarization are hallmarks of macrophages. Macrophages commonly exist in two distinct subsets: classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2). M2b, a subtype of M2 macrophages, has attracted increasing attention over the past decade due to its strong immune‐regulated and anti‐inflammatory effects. A wide variety of stimuli and multiple factors modulate M2b macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo. M2b macrophages possess both protective and pathogenic roles in various diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of M2b macrophage activation and the modulation of their polarization might provide a great perspective for the design of novel therapeutic strategies. The purpose of this review is to discuss current knowledge of M2b macrophage polarization, the roles of M2b macrophages in a variety of diseases and the stimuli to modulate M2b macrophage polarization. Review outlines the current knowledge of the stimuli of M2b macrophage polarization and the roles of these cells in diseases.

Industrial robots are widely used in various applications such as machining, painting, and welding. There is a pressing need for a fast and straightforward robot programming method, especially for surface-based tasks. At present, these tasks are time-consuming and expensive, and it requires an experienced and skilled operator to program the robot for a specific task. Hence, it is essential to automate the tool-path generation in order to eliminate the manual planning. This challenging research has attracted great attention from both industry and academia. In this paper, a tool-path generation method based on a mesh model is introduced. The bounding box tree and kd-tree are adopted in the algorithm to derive the tool path. In addition, the algorithm is integrated into an offline robot programming system offering a comprehensive solution for robot modeling, simulation, as well as tool-path generation. Finally, a milling experiment is performed by creating tool paths on the surface thereby demonstrating the effectiveness of the system.

We propose a dual-view integral imaging display using a polarizer. It consists of a display panel, a polarizer, a microlens array, and two pairs of polarizer glasses. The polarizer comprises the left and right subpolarizers whose polarization directions are orthogonal. Two kinds of elemental images are captured from different three-dimensional scenes and located on the left and right half of the display panel. The lights emitting from two kinds of elemental images are polarized by the left and right subpolarizers. The polarization directions of the two pairs of polarizer glasses used in the left and right viewing zones are the same as those of the right and left subpolarizers, respectively. Two different three-dimensional images are simultaneously viewed in the left and right viewing directions by wearing two pairs of polarizer glasses. A prototype of the proposed dual-view integral imaging display is developed, and the experimental results verify the hypothesis.

In this contribution, an efficient and green protocol for alcoholysis of waste polycarbonate (PC) using Lewis acidic ionic liquids (ILs) was first developed under mild and solvent-free conditions. The influence of Lewis acidity and reaction parameters on the catalytic activity were thoroughly studied. It showed that with only 5.0 mol % [Bmim]Cl·2.0FeCl3loading, 100% PC conversion with 97.2% bisphenol A (BPA) yield was efficiently obtained at 120 °C and n(CH3OH)/n(PC) = 6:1 for 3.0 h. The alcohol scopes for depolymerization of waste PC into BPA monomer were examined, and the moderate to excellent product yields were obtained under the optimized conditions. Also the [Bmim]Cl·2.0FeCl3catalyst could be reused five successive times without a significant decrease of the catalytic activity. Combining the kinetic study and the in situ FT-IR analysis, a feasible reaction mechanism was proposed.

Cognitive radar can adjust the transmitted waveform adaptively to the external dynamic environment for a better target tracking performance than the traditional radar transmitting the fixed waveform. There are two key problems in the tracking system of cognitive radar, which are how to build the transmitted waveform library and how to select the optimal waveform for target tracking in the waveform library. The problem of adaptive waveform selection for maneuvering target tracking is studied in this paper. The factors influencing the target tracking accuracy are analyzed, and the maneuvering target tracking framework in cognitive radar is proposed. Considering that the narrow pulses correspond to good delay but poor Doppler resolution capability and that the long constant-frequency pulses have the opposite behavior, we build a transmitted waveform library consisting of the waveforms with both types of properties using the fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) technique. And the criteria for waveform selection in the control theoretic and information theoretic approaches are discussed in detail. The corresponding solutions of waveform selection in the waveform library are given, respectively. The superior performance of the adaptive waveform over the fixed waveform is illustrated with simulation examples. The simulations demonstrate that the target tracking algorithm is also very important for waveform selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An autostereoscopic 3D display with high brightness and low crosstalk is proposed. This display consists of a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel, a reflective light source (RLS), and a parallax barrier or lenticular lens. The RLS behind the LCD panel consists of a light source, a light guide plate, and a reflection cavity. The RLS can make light reflect continuously in the reflection cavity and exit from the slits on the cavity surface. The widths of these slits are narrower than those of the subpixels, so they can provide a low aperture ratio, which is helpful in obtaining low crosstalk. Because of the reflection cavity, the optical efficiency is higher than that using a single barrier. The parallax barrier or lenticular lens can project parallax images on the LCD panel into different directions. Then 3D images are formed. A prototype of the proposed 3D display having high brightness 3D images and low crosstalk is developed. The experimental results agree well with the theory.

Five coordination polymers, [Co(H3L)2(dib)]·1.5H2O(1), [Cu(H3L)2(dib)](2), [Co(H3L)(mtpy)]·DMF(3), [Ni(H3L)2(mtpy)(H2O)]·3DMF·H2O(4), and [Cd(H3L)2(pybim)]·1.5H2O(5), have been successfully prepared from 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25-(carboxymethoxy)calix[4]arene, metal salts, and N-donor auxiliary ligands under hydrothermal conditions[dib=1,4-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)butane, pybim=2-(2'-pyridyl)benzimidazole, and mtpy=4'-(4- methylphenyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine]. Structural analysis suggests that the metal ion first joins two organic carboxy-late ligands to form the independent units, which are further extended by the N-donor auxiliary ligand to give the final structure. Compounds 1and 2display 1D infinite chains bridged by a flexible bidentate dib ligand. Compounds 3―5, with multidentate chelate ligands, reveal discrete 0D units. Furthermore, in compounds 3and 5, 1D supramolecular architectures are exhibited due to π-πinteractions.

For this study, a Sb2WO6/Bi4O5I2composite material was successfully prepared via a precipitation-calcination method. The Sb2WO6/Bi4O5I2heterostructure enhanced the light absorption and facilitated the separation of charge carriers. Under simulated sunlight exposure, the removal rates of tetracycline (TC) and doxycycline hyclate (DOX·HCl) reached 88.2% and 83.9%, respectively, over an optimized SWB2 composite (theoretical mole ratio of Sb2WO6: BiOI was 1.5:10). Further, the total organic carbon (TOC) removal rates were 37.6% and 33.7%, respectively. The experiments explored various parameters including catalyst dosage, initial concentrations of TC and DOX·HCl, solution pH, and common inorganic ions. The TC and DOX·HCl degradation pathways were speculated. Furthermore, SWB2 demonstrated remarkable stability and cyclability under simulated sunlight. Trapping experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) tests revealed that •O2-played a major role as a free radical in the photocatalytic process, while h+and •OH also had significant contributions. Based on in-situ XPS, trapping experiments, EPR test, band bending analysis, and SPV tests, the formation of S-scheme heterojunction between Sb2WO6and Bi4O5I2was inferred. This study provides insights into the design strategy of S-scheme heterojunctions between Aurivillius-type compounds and bismuth-rich halide bismuth oxide, which is informative for the development of advanced environmental remediation concepts.

A priority in solving the problem of drug resistance is to understand the molecular mechanism of how a drug induces the resistance response within cells. Because many cancer cells exhibit chromosome aneuploidy, we explored whether changes of aneuploidy status result in drug resistance. Two typical colorectal cancer cells, HCT116 and LoVo, were cultured with the chemotherapeutic drugs irinotecan (SN38) or oxaliplatin (QxPt), and the non- and drug-resistant cell lines were selected. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was employed to evaluate the aneuploidy status of these cells, and RNAseq and LC-MS/MS were implemented to examine gene expression at both mRNA and protein level. The data of gene expression was well-matched with the genomic conclusion that HCT116 was a near diploid cell, whereas LoVo was an aneuploid cell with the increased abundance of mRNA and protein for these genes located at chromosomes 5, 7, 12, and 15. By comparing the genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data, the LoVo cells with SN38 tolerance showed an increased genome copy in chromosome 14, and the expression levels of the genes on this chromosome were also significantly increased. Thus, we first observed that SN38 could impact the aneuploidy status in cancer cells, which was partially associated with the acquired drug resistance.

AbstractThe gridded sea level anomaly (SLA) data-set provided by AVISO is used to track the propagation of intraseasonal Kelvin waves in the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) region. The large root mean square of intraseasonal SLA along the Sumatra and Java coast is closely related to the propagation of intraseasonal Kelvin waves that derive from the equatorial Indian Ocean. These Kelvin waves are further found to propagate following different pathways at the Lombok Strait. Pathway A propagates eastward throughout the Sumba Strait and Savu Sea to reach the Ombai Strait. Pathway B penetrates into Lombok and propagates northward to reach the Makassar Strait. Pathway C propagates southeastward along the southwest coast of the Sumba Island. The equatorial Kelvin waves take around 15 days to travel from the equatorial Indian Ocean to Lombok Strait, and around 5 days to penetrate into the Makassar and Ombai straits. The Kelvin wave-induced SLA persists in the ITF region for an additional 5 days and then diminishes subsequently. The phase speeds of these intraseasonal Kelvin waves along Pathways A, B, and C are 1.91–2.86, 1.69, and 1.96 m s−1, respectively—in agreement with the first two baroclinic modes of Kelvin waves.

Urine is an ideal material to study the cancer-related protein biomarkers in bladder, whereas exploration to these candidates is confronting technique challenges. Herein, we propose a comprehensive strategy of searching the urine proteins related with bladder cancer. The strategy consists of three core combinations, screening the biomarker candidates in the secreted proteins derived from the bladder cancer cell lines and verifying them in patient urines, defining the differential proteins through two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled with LC–MS/MS, and implementing quantitative proteomics of profiling and targeting analysis. With proteomic survey, a total of 700 proteins were found with their abundance of secreted proteins in cancer cell lines different from normal, while 87 proteins were identified in the urine samples. The multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-based quantification was adapted in verifying the bladder cancer related proteins in individual urine samples, resulting in 10 differential urine proteins linked with the cancer. Of these candidates, receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the combination of CO3 and LDHB was more sensitive as the cancer indicator than other groups. The discovery of the bladder cancer indicators through our strategy has paved an avenue to further biomarker validation.

A reflected-light-source (RLS)-based 3D display is proposed. This display consists of an RLS and a 2D display panel. The 2D display panel is located in front of the RLS. The RLS consists of a light source, a light guide plate (LGP), and a reflection cavity. The light source and the LGP are located in the reflection cavity. Light from the light source can enter into the LGP and reflect continuously in the reflection cavity. The reflection cavity has a series of slits, and light can exit only from these slits. These slits can work as a postpositional parallax barrier, so when they modulate the parallax images on the 2D display, 3D images are formed. Different from the conventional 3D display based on a parallax barrier, this RLS has less optical loss, so it can provide higher brightness. A prototype of this display is developed. Experimental results show that this RLS-based 3D display can provide higher brightness than the conventional one.

We propose a dual-view integral imaging (DVII) three-dimensional (3D) display using polarized glasses. The DVII 3D display consists of a display panel, a polarized parallax barrier, a microlens array, and two pairs of polarized glasses. Two kinds of elemental images, which are captured from two different 3D scenes, are alternately arranged on the display panel. The polarized parallax barrier is attached to the display panel and composed of two kinds of units that are also alternately arranged. The polarization directions between adjacent units are perpendicular. The polarization directions of the two pairs of polarized glasses are the same as those of the two kinds of units of the polarized parallax barrier, respectively. The lights emitted from the two kinds of elemental images are modulated by the corresponding polarizer units and microlenses, respectively. Two different 3D images are reconstructed in the viewing zone and separated by using two pairs of polarized glasses. A prototype of the DVII 3D display is developed and two 3D images can be presented simultaneously, verifying the hypothesis.

JI006 block is a key blocks of improve productivity in the JI7 well area. This blocks development of well after fracturing,the fracturing effect are different. To further improve the block after the fracturing effect,should focus on the analysis of influence factors of productivity after fracturing. But have different influence factors and influence degree. In order to analyze the influence of various factors on the Fracturing effect influence degree. This paper uses the grey correlation analysis method to the JI 006 block 15 fracturing Wells formation parameters and fracturing parameters influence after the pressure effect is analyzed,To determine the factors influencing the Fracturing effect. Analysis results is more accurate, the method to choose well layer and the fracturing design and construction has certain guiding significance.

A special subpixel arrangement-based 3D display is proposed. This display consists of a 2D display panel and a parallax barrier. On the 2D display panel, subpixels have a special arrangement, so they can redefine the formation of color pixels. This subpixel arrangement can bring about triple horizontal resolution for a conventional 2D display panel. Therefore, when these pixels are modulated by the parallax barrier, the 3D images formed also have triple horizontal resolution. A prototype of this display is developed. Experimental results show that this display with triple horizontal resolution can produce a better display effect than the conventional one.

A system impulse response with low sidelobes is critical in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images because sidelobes contribute to noise and interfere with nearby scatterers. However, the conventional tricks of sidelobe suppression are unable to be exactly applied to the case of spaceborne sliding spotlight SAR due to great azimuth shifts in both time and frequency domains. In this paper, an extended chirp scaling algorithm is presented for spaceborne sliding spotlight SAR data imaging. The proposed algorithm firstly uses the spectral analysis (SPECAN) technique to avoid the azimuth spectrum folding effect and then employs the chirp scaling (CS) algorithm to achieve data focusing, i.e., the so-called two-step approach. To suppress the sidelobe level, an efficient strategy for the azimuth spectral weighting which only involves matrix multiplications and short fast Fourier transformations (FFTs) is proposed, which is a post-process executed on the focused SAR image and particularly simple to be implemented. The SAR image processed by the proposed extended CS algorithm is very precise and perfectly phase-preserving. In the end, computer simulation results verify the analysis and confirm the validity of the proposed algorithm.

An orthogonal-polarized directional backlight-based three-dimensional (3D) display is proposed. This backlight consists of an orthogonal-polarized backlight and a parallax barrier, so it can project light with different polarized directions to different spatial directions. The backlight can project the pixels with different polarized directions on the two-dimensional display in different directions and form 3D images. With this backlight, the proposed display can provide double horizontal resolution. A prototype of this display is developed. Experiment results show that this display with double horizontal resolution can provide a better display effect than the conventional one, and it can decrease crosstalk to a low level.

A 3D display based on a parallax barrier with multiview zones is proposed. This display consists of a 2D display panel and a parallax barrier. The basic element of the parallax barrier has three narrow slits. They can show three columns of subpixels on the 2D display panel and form 3D pixels. The parallax barrier can provide multiview zones. In these multiview zones, the proposed 3D display can use a small number of views to achieve a high density of views. Therefore, the distance between views is the same as the conventional ones with more views. Considering the proposed display has fewer views, which bring more 3D pixels in the 3D images, the resolution and brightness will be higher than the conventional ones. A 12-view prototype of the proposed 3D display is developed, and it provides the same density of views as a conventional one with 28 views. Experimental results show the proposed display has higher resolution and brightness than the conventional one. The cross talk is also limited at a low level.

This paper proposes an VBA add in function for excel for a dynamic statistics and allocation table for the quota of teaching-practicing normal graduates. The add in function initially calls some built-in functions such as SUMPRODUCT to sum all interlaced and partition columns. Then it applies the "protection attribute" of cell and "protect worksheet function" to protect the worksheets layout and existing formulas. After added the menu design by VBA programming, it finishes the dynamic statistical sheet in form of the template. This add in function has been approved that the efficiency of allocating the quota of teaching-practicing graduates can be improved a lot through this powerful add in.

Forage yield is the fundamental ecosystem service of grasslands. While the quantitative responses of forage yield to nitrogen (N) enrichment are well known, its qualitative responses remain unclear. Even less known is the relative contribution of changes in community composition to the quality of the yield at the community level. We examined the quantitative and qualitative responses of forage yield at both plant functional group and community levels with factorial treatments of N addition and mowing in a temperate steppe. Nitrogen addition significantly enhanced the community-level yield by favoring the growth of rhizomatous grass. Mowing tended to mediate the impacts of N addition on the yield. Nitrogen addition increased the concentrations of crude protein and crude fat in forage at the community level. Neither the main effects of mowing nor its interactive effects with N addition affected forage quality. The N-induced shifts in plant species composition significantly contributed to the effects of N addition on forage quality at the community level. Our results suggest that mowing wound weaken the positive effects of N deposition on the quantity but not the quality of forage yield. Changes in plant community composition are important in driving the qualitative responses of yield to N deposition.

Background: Forage production is the fundamental ecosystem service of grasslands. Although forage consumption occurs at community level, most studies focused on species-level changes of forage quality. The quantitative and qualitative changes of forage production are driven by species-specific trait, intra-specific plasticity, and species turnover. We examined the changes in forage production and digestibility after 5-year factorial treatments of nitrogen (N) addition and mowing in a temperate steppe and linked such changes to community assembly under the Price equation framework. Results: Nitrogen addition significantly reduced species richness, increased forage production, but did not change forage digestibility (indicated by the total Ca+Mg concentrations). Mowing did not affect forage production and digestibility. The positive effects of N addition on forage production were driven by the enhancement of abundance of the remaining species following N enrichment, rather than by species loss or species gain. The species identity effects could offset the effects of species richness loss or gain on forage production and digestibility. Conclusions: Our results highlight the importance of a community perspective in addressing the quantitative and qualitative changes of forage production under global change pressure of N enrichment. Species identity is important in determining the contribution of different processes of community assembly to ecosystem services.

The paper takes into full account of the convenience and safety of outer-wall external thermal insulation system, and investigates the technical parameters of rock-wool. The study provides two kinds of construction methods for the system which are rendering and anchoring . In general, galvanizing steel-meshwork using machine anchors could use all kinds of rock-wool panel made in China. The interface mortar used for rock-wool could protect workers hands and improve the integrity and anti-crackness of the system. Both of these two kinds of rock-wool systems could resolve the difficulties of current rock-wool panel application in outer-wall external thermal insulation system. The rock-wool external thermal insulation which has surfficient fire-proof capability could apply in many kinds of buildings, especially high-rise buildings.

The 3D display based on a parallax barrier is a low-cost autostereoscopic display. However, the vertical and horizontal resolution of the 3D images displayed on it will be seriously nonuniform as this display has a large number of views. It will worsen the display quality; therefore, a 3D display that consists of a 2D display panel and dual parallax barriers is proposed. With a 2D display panel, the proposed 3D display provides the synthetic images with square pixel units in which the arrangement of pixels can make the 3D image have uniform resolution. With the dual parallax barriers, the proposed 3D display shows the pixels in square pixel units for different horizontal views. Therefore, this display has uniform resolution of 3D images. A four-view prototype of the proposed 3D display is developed, and it provides uniform 3D resolution in the vertical and horizontal directions.

Comprehensive and quantitative information of the thermophile proteome is an important source for understanding of the survival mechanism under high growth temperature. Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis(T. tengcongensis), a typical anaerobic thermophilic eubacterium, was selected to quantitatively evaluate its protein abundance changes in response to four different temperatures. With optimized procedures of isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation quantitative proteomics (iTRAQ), such as peptide fractionation with high-pH reverse phase (RP) high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), tandem MS acquisition mode in LTQ Orbitrap Velos MS, and evaluation of the quantification algorithms, high quality of the quantitative information of the peptides identified were acquired. In total, 1589 unique proteins were identified and defined 251 as the temperature-dependent proteins. Analysis of genomic locations toward the correspondent genes of these temperature-dependent proteins revealed that more than 30% were contiguous units with relevant biological functions, which are likely to form the operon structures in T. tengcongensis. The RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data further demonstrated that these cluster genes were cotranscribed, and their mRNA abundance changes responding to temperature exhibited the similar trends as the proteomic results, suggesting that the temperature-dependent proteins are highly associated with the correspondent transcription status. Hence, the operon regulation is likely an energy-efficient mode for T. tengcongensissurvival. In addition, evaluation to the functions of differential proteomes indicated that the abundance of the proteins participating in sulfur-respiration on the plasma membrane was decreased as the temperature increased, whereas the glycolysis-related protein abundance was increased. The energy supply in T. tengcongensisat high temperature is, therefore, speculated not mainly through the respiration chain reactions.

A simple carbazole hydrozone derivative(1) was synthesized and used as an optical probe for fluoride recognition in CH3CN. Receptor 1exhibited colorimetric and fluorescent dual-channel response to fluoride anions. Addition of fluoride to a receptor 1solution in CH3CN induced a distinct color change from yellow to magenta, the solution also displayed significant fluorescence blue shift. Thus receptor 1exhibited dual-channel responses to fluoride with a high selectivity and sensitivity.

Combinations of rigid and flexible aromatic diamines were used to tailor the properties of octa(aminophenyl)-silsesquioxane (OAPS) cross-linked polyimide aerogels. 2,2′-Dimethylbenzidine (DMBZ) or p-phenylenediamine (PPDA) was used in combination with the more-flexible diamine, 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA). The amount of rigid diamine was varied from 0% to 100% of the total diamines in the backbone. The resulting aerogels vary in density, shrinkage, porosity, surface area, mechanical and thermal properties (depending on the type of diamine and the proportions of rigid diamine to flexible diamine used). Replacing ODA with PPDA increases shrinkage that occurs during gelation and processing, while increasing the DMBZ fraction decreases shrinkage. Replacing ODA with 50 mol % of DMBZ maintains the flexibility of thin films, while the moisture resistance of the aerogels is greatly improved.

Polyimide gels are produced by cross-linking anhydride capped polyamic acid oligomers with aromatic triamine in solution and chemically imidizing. The gels are then supercritically dried to form nanoporous polyimide aerogels with densities as low as 0.14 g/cm3and surface areas as high as 512 m2/g. To understand the effect of the polyimide backbone on properties, aerogels from several combinations of diamine and dianhydride, and formulated oligomer chain length are examined. Formulations made from 2,2′-dimethylbenzidine as the diamine shrink the least but have among the highest compressive modulus. Formulations made using 4,4′-oxydianiline or 2,2′dimethylbenzidine can be fabricated into continuous thin films using a roll to roll casting process. The films are flexible enough to be rolled or folded back on themselves and recover completely without cracking or flaking, and have tensile strengths of 4–9 MPa. Finally, the highest onset of decomposition (above 600 °C) of the polyimide aerogels was obtained using p-phenylene diamine as the backbone diamine with either dianhydride studied. All of the aerogels are suitable candidates for high-temperature insulation with glass transition temperatures ranging from 270–340 °C and onsets of decomposition from 460–610 °C.