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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to establish the importance of land records for urban development. The study focuses on how traditionally land records were managed and presently what are the important parameters impacting the land record management systems in India. Design/methodology/approach: The framework adopted for the study was as follows: 1) literature study: aim to study the historical issues, to study global systems across the globe, various government reforms. 2) Present system of land management: to study the administrative, legal, economic issues, problems and potential in the present system. 3) Technology interventions: to study how technology can help to make the system more robust and trustworthy. 4) Conclusion: to study how the recommended technological measures will work and how to implement it in the system. Several pilot interviews were carried out to understand how the present system of land record management works in India, and important parameters were established through the pilot interviews of various stakeholders in the system. Findings: The study brings out certain striking facts about the inefficiencies in the system since centuries, which are still being carried forward. Any reforms by the authorities have not been able to solve the issues and reduce the number of litigations because digitisation was only a step forward to replicate the wrong entries of records in digitised format. Thus, a paradigm shift in technology is required to bring a considerable change in the present management system. Originality/value: Various studies worldwide have been done in several countries regarding land records, but all the studies are in piecemeal basis. Very less literature is available on the study that how land records effect large scale urban development projects. This study is an attempt to study impact of land records on urban development and to bring back transparency in the system to reduce the number of litigations on the most important ingredient of built environment, which is land.

In the current era, the increased demand of healthy food rich in antioxidants, vitamins and minerals and those having therapeutic value has led to over-exploitation of major agricultural and medicinal plants. This overburden can be reduced by an efficient utilization of underutilized plants with nutritional and medicinal importance. These underutilized plants are neglected or undervalued ‘minor’ crops having low production and sale. These less documented and less studied group of underutilized plants are considered as a rich source of various phytochemicals and secondary metabolites having bioactive compounds. These underutilized wild herbs that have not gained much attention from commercial as well as scientific community were selected for the present study. The present review elucidates the significance of these plants and recent biotechnological methods to conserve them. The present study on such food and medically important herbs would contribute in a wide recognition of their benefits for our society.

Drug enantiomers can possess vastly different pharmacological properties, yet they are identical in their chemical composition and structural connectivity. Thus, resolving enantiomers poses a great challenge in the field of separation science. Enantiomer separations necessitate interaction of the analyte with a chiral environment─in mass spectrometry-based analysis, a common approach is through a three-point interaction with a chiral selector commonly introduced during sample preparation. In select cases, the structural difference imparted through noncovalent complexation results in enantiomer-specific structural differences, facilitating measurement using a structurally selective analytical technique such as ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS). In this work, we investigate the direct IM-MS differentiation of chiral drug compounds using mononuclear copper complexes incorporating an amino acid chiral selector. A panel of 20 chiral drugs and drug-like compounds were investigated for separation, and four l-amino acids (l-histidine, l-tryptophan, l-proline, and l-tyrosine) were evaluated as chiral selectors (CS) to provide the chiral environment necessary for differentiation. Enantiomer differentiation was achieved for four chiral molecule pairs (R/S-thalidomide, R/S-baclofen, R/S-metoprolol, and d/l-panthenol) with two-peak resolution (Rp–p) values ranging from 0.7 (>10% valley) to 1.5 (baseline separation). Calibration curves relating IM peak areas to enantiomeric concentrations enabled enantiomeric excess quantitation of racemic thalidomide and metoprolol with residuals of 5.7 and 2.5%, respectively. Theoretical models suggest that CuIIand l-histidine complexation around the analyte chiral center is important for gas-phase stereoselectivity. This study demonstrates the potential of combining enantioselective noncovalent copper complexation with structurally selective IM-MS for differentiating chiral drugs and drug-like compounds.

AbstractReproductive health is a crucial part of general health and a central feature of human development. It is a reflection of health during childhood and crucial during adolescence and adulthood, sets and stage for health beyond the reproductive years for both women and men, and affects the health of the next generation. The extent and severity of the problems that adolescents encounter during this phase of their life include many reproductive health issues. Hence the present study was undertaken to know awareness of Reproductive Health among school going and school dropout adolescent girls of Jammu City. The results of the study revealed that majority of both school going girls and school drop out girls scored well in the identification of reproductive system. The areas where both school going girls and school dropout girls scored low were-Female reproductive organs, conceivable age and reproductive age of men, Unsafe abortion, legal and illegal abortion and its harmful effects, Clinical symptoms and biological symptoms of AIDS and the relationship between AIDS/HIV/STD’s. Knowledge of teenage pregnancy and mode of pregnancy was lower in school going girls than dropout girls. The difference in the knowledge level of reproductive system, teenage pregnancy STD’s, HIV in the two groups were insignificant but the knowledge level related to mode of pregnancy AIDS/HIV in the two settings was significant. The Results of the study revealed that the School Dropout Girls had more scientific information, than the School Going Girls. It was due to the fact that teachers hesitated to discuss such topics in the school.

Copper nanowires with 100 nm diameter were potentiostatically deposited in the pores of ion track etched polycarbonate membrane. Ion implantation in a colossally used technique to tailor properties of the materials. The nanowires were implanted with 1.5 MeV Ar6+ions in the fluence range between 1012to 1014ions/cm2. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of Cu nanowires and EDS result established implantation of Ar into the nanowires. The crystallite size increased from 54 nm to 59 nm due to merging of grains caused during the implantation of Ar ions. XRD patterns show that nanowires exhibit a cubic fcc structure, with increase in preferred orientation along plane (311) with increase in implantation fluence. Rietveld analysis was performed to characterize the pristine and implanted samples. The relationship between the microstructural evolution and the variation of strengthening coefficient was examined in this study. The electrical conductivity of the nanowires was observed to increase from 5.21 ×106Ω−1m−1to 6.63 ×106Ω−1m−1. The increase in conductivity is due to ion implantation induced rise in charge carriers and local heating that resulted into coalescence of grain boundaries