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Exoenzyme S differs from toxin A and diphtheria toxin in that it does not adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylate elongation factor-2, but rather catalyzes the transfer of the ADP-ribose moiety of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to a number of different proteins in extracts of eucaryotic cells. Polyoma-transformed BHK-21 cells were isolated which were resistant to diphtheria toxin and toxin A. Extracts from these cells are ADP-ribosylated by exoenzyme S but not toxin A or diphtheria toxin, providing an assay which distinguishes between S and A activities. A total of 124 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were analyzed for production of toxin A and exoenzyme S. Exoenzyme S production was detected in 38% of the strains, whereas 80% of the strains produced toxin A.

THE CLINICAL, hematologic, and antigenic properties of coconut water have been described earlier.* The purpose of this paper is to review our clinical experience with the intravenous administration of coconut water in 157 patients and to evaluate its clinical role as an intravenous solution for use in parts of the world where pyrogen-free solutions cannot be obtained. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fresh coconut water was administered intravenously to patients according to the methods previously discribed.*The patients used in this study were from the surgical wards of the Siriraj and Chulalongkorn Medical School Hospitals in Bangkok, Thailand (4 patients); from the surgical wards of the Barnes Hospital in St. Louis, (17 patients), and from the wards of the Tela Railroad Hospital in Tela, Honduras (136 patients). These patients were well hydrated, had a good urinary output, and were not acutely ill at the time of infusion.The coconuts used in Thailand

Vast quantities of solid CO2reside in topographic basins of the south polar layered deposits (SPLD) on Mars and exhibit morphological features indicative of glacial flow. Previous experimental studies showed that CO2ice is 1–2 orders of magnitude weaker than water ice under Martian polar conditions. Here we present data from deformation experiments on pure, fine‐grained CO2ice, over a broader range of temperatures than previously explored (158–213 K). The experiments confirm previous observations of highly nonlinear power law creep at larger stresses, but also show a transition to a previously unseen linear‐viscous creep regime at lower stresses. We examine the viscosity of CO2within the SPLD and predict that the CO2‐rich deposits are modestly stronger than previously thought. Nevertheless, CO2ice flows much more readily than H2O ice, particularly on the steep flanks of SPLD topographic basins, allowing the CO2to pond as observed. Massive deposits of solid CO2(dry ice) were recently discovered at Mars's south pole and appear to be flowing like glaciers on Earth. To predict the glacial flow rate of dry ice at Martian polar conditions, we produced and then deformed samples of CO2ice in the laboratory. Under relatively large stresses and low temperatures, the rate of CO2ice flow is very sensitive to changes in stress, meaning that dry‐ice glaciers will flow much faster over steep topographic slopes at Mars's south pole than over shallow slopes. This extreme sensitivity to the slope of underlying topography explains why CO2ice deposits are ponded within topographic basins at Mars's south pole, preserving a half‐million‐year long climate record. Laboratory experiments reveal highly nonlinear (n= 8) creep of CO2ice at high stresses, corroborating previous findingsWe discover linear viscous (n= 1), grain size sensitive creep of CO2ice at low stresses, interpreted as the diffusion creep regimeThe extreme nonlinearity of CO2ice creep facilitates the glacial flow and ponding of massive CO2ice deposits at Mars's south pole

The DC performance of 1 μm gate length HEMTs with three parallel conducting GaAs quantum wells is presented. By variation of the gate voltage the three channels can be switched on successively, leading to three separate peaks in the device transconductance. By optimising the depth of the gate recess we fabricated transistors which exhibit good output characteristics and extremely high maximum drain currents of up to 1100 mA/mm.

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