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Purpose: This paper aims to extend the existing triple bottom line framework (Prosperity, People and Planet [so-called 3Ps]) with a new dimension, namely, Prophet, to reflect Islamic values (the now 4Ps) for banks seeking compliance with Islamic religious principles. Design/methodology/approach: This study conducts a survey of 504 Islamic bank stakeholders across six provinces in Indonesia and use regression analysis to test the applicability of the 4Ps. This paper further examines their application in two large Islamic banks in Indonesia and Malaysia. Findings: The models are all highly significant and well reflect a broad stakeholder perspective on bank performance. Of the four elements, this study finds stakeholders rank Prosperity first, followed by Prophet and then Planet. The case studies strengthen the application of the new Prophet dimension as a way for Islamic banks to improve their financial, social and economic performance, particularly during periods of financial distress. Research limitations/implications: This study only uses survey data from a single country, and this may limit the generalizability of the findings. Practical implications: Practitioners will find the quadruple bottom line useful in assessing organizational performance, as will regulators seeking to improve the social and economic outcomes of the Islamic banking sector. Originality/value: This paper internalises maqasid al-syari’ah (the most basic goal of Islamic law) as a simple but essential approach to organizational performance using empirical evidence from a real-world banking setting.

Stone columns are considered as one of the influential soil-stabilising methods that can increase the strength and workability of soft soil foundations considerably. In order to enhance stone columns workability, in this experimental study, some laboratory tests were carried out on different columns. They consist of various gravel shapes and particles distributions and columns reinforced by steel fibre reinforcements as well. Some additional tests were also conducted on columns covered by an ordinary gravel mattress reinforced by geotextile. In addition, stone columns with diameters of 63 and 92 mm were tested with a length-to-diameter ratio of 5. The test results were compared with different shapes of geotextiles, such as routine (full-length sleeve) and ring shapes, as the encasing material. It has been observed that using the mattress, geotextile and steel-fibre reinforcements enhances the load-carrying capacity of them that provide a basis for reasonable predictions on their settlement behaviour.

Tri-block poly(lactide)–poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(lactide) (PLA–PEG–PLA) copolymers were synthesized and self-assembled into micelles in aqueous solution by double emulsion and nanoprecipitation methods. These micelles were loaded by atorvastatin and lisinopril as hydrophobic and hydrophilic model drugs, respectively. The resulting nanostructures were characterized by various techniques. Atomic force microscopy images disclosed that the micelles have spherical structure with the average size of 100 nm. The micelles exhibited high encapsulation efficiency of about 48 ± 0.13% and 84 ± 0.13 for atorvastatin and lisinopril, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry confirmed that strong interaction between atorvastatin and copolymer was the major driving force behind drug loading which subsequently lead to more sustained release behavior of corresponding micelles. Whereas, in case of lisinopril there was no evidence for strong interaction between drug and copolymer. The surface adsorption was the main parameter for drug loading which in turn caused the drug to be quick released. Overall, the results indicated that PLA–PEG–PLA micelles can be considered as a promising carrier for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs with different release characteristics.

In this paper, we introduce a strongly regular relation on hyper EQ-algebra as a fundamental relation and study some of its properties. We construct the quotient of any hyper EQ-algebra via (regular relation) strongly regular relations. Finally, relationships between filter and EQ-filter are studied in detail.

In this paper, theoretical study using density functional theory (DFT) method (B3LYP level with 6-31G(d,p)) of four novel low band gap acceptor–donor organic materials based on thiophene and phenyl and linked to cyanoacrylic acid as acceptor group are investigated. Different electron side groups were introduced to investigate their effects on the electronic structure; the HOMO, LUMO, gap energy, ionization potentials, electron affinities and open circuit voltage (Voc) of these compounds have been calculated and reported in this paper. The electronic absorption and emission spectra of these dyes are studied by time-dependent density functional theory calculations. A systematic theoretical study of such compound has not been reported as we know. Thus, our aim is first, to explore their electronic and spectroscopic properties on the basis of the DFT quantum chemical calculations. We think that the presented study of structural, electronic and optical properties for these compounds could help in designing more efficient functional photovoltaic organic materials.

Spinal cavernous angiomas are rare vascular lesions occurring mainly in the vertebral bodies extending secondary into the extradural space. Only 3% of these lesions are intradural, usually localized within the spinal cord. Rarely, cavernous angioma has been reported to occur in the cauda equina. We describe clinical, diagnostic imaging, and surgical procedures of two cases of cavernous angioma of the cauda equina who presented with acute back pain and sciatica. The relevant literature is also reviewed.

As generalizations and alternatives of classical algebraic structures there have been introduced in 2019 the NeutroAlgebraic structures (or NeutroAlgebras) and AntiAlgebraic structures (or AntiAlgebras). Unlike the classical algebraic structures, where all operations are well defined and all axioms are totally true, in NeutroAlgebras and AntiAlgebras, the operations may be partially well defined and the axioms partially true or, respectively, totally outer-defined and the axioms totally false. These NeutroAlgebras and AntiAlgebras form a new field of research, which is inspired from our real world. In this paper, we study neutrosophic quadruple algebraic structures and NeutroQuadrupleAlgebraicStructures. NeutroQuadrupleGroup is studied in particular and several examples are provided. It is shown that (NQ(Z),÷)is a NeutroQuadrupleGroup. Substructures of NeutroQuadrupleGroups are also presented with examples.

A quantum-chemical investigation on the structural and optoelectronic properties of two materials based on carbazole is carried out. The purpose is to display the effect of grafting the fluorine atoms on their optoelectronic and physico-chemical properties. In addition to solubility in the polar solvents and the modification in geometric parameters, the substitution of fluorine destabilizes the HOMO and LUMO levels, decreases the band gap energy and raises conjugation length. These properties suggest the substituted fluorine compound as a good candidate for optoelectronic applications.

In this work, a quantum–chemical investigation on the structural and opto-electronic properties of oligo(thiophene-phenylene) (4TP) is carried out. The results are discussed in comparison with the properties of corresponding oligothiophene (8T) and oligophenylene (8P). As the opto-electronic properties of this type of conducting polymers are governed by their electronic band gap, we shall also present a comparison among HOMO, LUMO and band gap energies of these three materials.

P3mt1 and P3mt2 were electrochemically synthesized using two different electrolyte supports H2SO4 and TEABF4, respectively. First, it was deduced from density functional theory (DFT) calculations that the electronic and steric effects govern polymerization mechanism of the radical monomers. Second, DFT combined with experimental spectroscopic analyses (ESR, Infrared, Raman, and 13C NMR) demonstrate that H2SO4 or TEABF4 could generate a homogenous or heterogeneous coupling site, respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 57–64, 2006

In this paper, a new base isolation system, namely the sliding concave foundation (SCF), is introduced and the behaviour of the buildings using such a system is theoretically investigated. A building supported on the new system behaves like a compound pendulum during seismic excitation. The pendulum behaviour accompanied by the large radius of foundation curvature shifts the fundamental period of the system to a high value (e.g. more than 8sec), in a frequency range where none of the previously recorded earthquakes had considerable energy. This results in a large decrease in the structural responses. Since small friction forces are essential on the contact surfaces, PTFE sheets can be used as sliding surfaces. Although the pure frictional sliding systems have the same efficiency as the SCF, in reducing the responses of the superstructure, the main advantage of the new system is a significant decrease in sliding displacement. The performance of the SCF subjected to a number of harmonic and non-harmonic base excitations is studied and its ability to reduce the structural responses is examined. Some numerical examples are solved for a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) structure and the responses are compared with the responses of the same SDOF structure on a fixed base or a pure frictional sliding support system. The comparisons confirm the effectiveness of the new system. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

In this paper, the responses of multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) structures on sliding supports subjected to harmonic or random base motions are investigated. Modeling of the friction force under the foundation raft is accomplished by using a fictitious rigid link which has a rigid–perfectly plastic material. This will result in identical equations of motion for the sliding structure, both in the sliding and non-sliding (stick) phases which greatly simplifies the implementation of the method into a numerical algorithm. In this model the phase transition times are determined with high accuracy. This has two advantages: first, it prevents the so-called high-frequency oscillation of the relative velocity at the end of the sliding phase, and second, the time steps can be selected so that each falls exactly within one phase of motion. In this case, the stiffness matrix of the structure remains constant throughout each phase and thus any method for solving the non-linear differential equations of motion (e.g. Newmark method) can be used without iteration. The proposed method, besides its simplicity, is numerically very efficient and considerably reduces the required analysis time compared with most of the other methods. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Abstract: In order to obtain single crystalline ribbons from raw materials, we suggest a new method. From a narrow melted zone, formed along a generative line of a turning cylinder of polycrystalline material, a ribbon of material is continuously pulled in a direction perpendicular to the generative line and making a small angle with the horizontal plane. We have studied the application of the method to the silicon ribbon. We have studied the heat flux and temperatures profiles, pointing out relations between melted zone configuration, supplied power and rotation rate. The study of the melted zone hydrostatic equilibrium configurations and their influence on the ribbon growth characteristics and stability, improves on previous results for the melted zone central area and determines the shape of the floating zone lateral sides. The main advantages of the method for the production of silicon solar cells or in the space metallurgy field are discussed.

In 24 cases of multifocal necrotizing encephalopathy (MNE) in Simmental and Simmental-cross cattle, clinical features varied, consisting of mild rear limb ataxia, caudal paresis, and, less often, sudden death. Bilateral and symmetric malacic lesions were present in the brain stem (olivary nucleus) of all affected calves. Foci of malacia affecting thoracic spinal cord and additional brain stem sites were common. Neuronal cell bodies and hypertrophied capillaries were present within malacic foci. Rarefaction of neuropil, progressing to complete parenchymal loss, characterized advanced lesions. Pathologic features were similar to those of Leigh syndrome in humans, and a similar defect in aerobic metabolism is hypothesized. Occurrence of the syndrome within 1 breed over a wide geographic area suggests that hereditary factors contribute to development of MNE.

La prévalence de l'infection crytosporidienne a été déterminée dans 38 élevages de poulets de chair. Deux cent vingt cinq poulets ont fait l'objet d'examens clinique et lésionnel. Les analyses de décalques et de prélèvements de tissus effectués à partir de l'intestin, la bourse de Fabricius et la trachée ont révélé la presence de Cryptosporidium sp. dans 37% des élevages enquêtes. La prévalence de la cryptosporidiose à l'intérieur des élevages variait de 14 à 100%. Une fréquence élevée de la présence de Cryptosporidium sp. a été observée chez les poulets âgés de 36 à 45 jours et le parasite n'a pas été détecté chez les poulets âgés de moins de 25 jours. La localisation la plus fréquente de Cryptosporidium sp. était la bourse de Fabricius (24%), suivie par l'intestin (15%) et la trachée (2%). Au niveau des bourses de Fabricius, les lésions d'hyperplasie épithéliale induite par Cryptosporidium étaient le plus souvent associées (94%) à l'atrophie et la déplétion lymphoïde.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the notation of single-valued neutrosophic hyper BCK-subalgebras and a novel concept of neutro hyper BCK-algebras as a generalization and alternative of hyper BCK-algebras, that have a larger applicable field. In order to realize the article’s goals, we construct single-valued neutrosophic hyper BCK-subalgebras and neutro hyper BCK-algebras on a given nonempty set. The result of the research is the generalization of single-valued neutrosophic BCK-subalgebras and neutro BCK-algebras to single-valued neutrosophic hyper BCK-subalgebras and neutro hyper BCK-algebras, respectively. Also, some results are obtained between extended (extendable) single-valued neutrosophic BCK-subalgebras and single-valued neutrosophic hyper BCK-subalgebras via fundamental relation. The paper includes implications for the development of single-valued neutrosophic BCK-subalgebras and neutro BCK-algebras and for modelling the uncertainty problems by single-valued neutrosophic hyper BCK-subalgebras and neutro hyper BCK-algebras. The new conception of single-valued neutrosophic hyper BCK-subalgebras and neutro hyper BCK-algebras was given for the first time in this paper. We find a method that can apply these concepts in some complex networks.

Diesel engine which is one of the larger contributors to total consumption for petroleum is an attractive power unit used widely in many fields. However, diesel engines are among the main contributors to air pollutions for the large amount of emissions, such as CO, CO2 and NOx lead to an adverse effect on human health. Many researches have been done to find alternative fuels that are clean and efficient. Biodiesel is preferred as an alternative source for diesel engine which produces lower emission of pollutants. This study has focused on the evaluation of diesel and alcohol-diesel fuel properties and also the performance, combustion and exhaust emission from diesel engine fuelled with diesel and alcohol. Butanol and ethanol is blend with diesel fuel at 1:9 ratio. There are three test fuel that is tested which Diesel (100% diesel), D90BU10 (10% Butanol and 90% diesel) and D90E10 (10% Ethanol and 90% diesel). The comparison between diesel and alcohol-diesel blend has been made in terms of fuel properties characterization, engine performance such as brake power (BP) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) also the in cylinder maximum pressure characteristic. Thus, exhaust gas emission of CO, CO2, NOx and O2 emission also has been observed at constant load of 50% but in different operating engine speed (1100 rpm, 1400 rpm, 1700 rpm, 2000 rpm and 2300 rpm). The results show the addition of 10% of each butanol and ethanol to diesel fuel had decreased the fuel density about 0.3% to 0.5% compared to mineral diesel. In addition, viscosity and energy content are also decrease. The addition of 10% butanol had improved the fuel cetane number however the ethanol blends react differently. In term of engine performance, as the engine speed increased, BP output also increase respectively. Hence, the alcohol blends fuel generates lower BP compared to diesel, plus BSFC for all test fuel shows decreasing trend at low and medium speed, however increased gradually at higher engine speed. Thus, D90BU10 had higher BSFC compared to mineral diesel and D90E10. In general, the addition of alcohol blend in diesel fuel had increase the BSFC. In term of in cylinder pressure, as the engine speed is increased, the crank angle noted to move away from TDC for all test fuel. The maximum cylinder pressure increased at low and medium speed, but decrease in higher engine speed. The addition of 10% of butanol and ethanol in the mineral diesel decreased the maximum cylinder pressure. Meanwhile, O2 emission of D90E10 is higher compared to D90BU10 due to higher oxygen content found in ethanol. The CO2 emission of D90BU10 recorded higher compared to mineral diesel due to the high oxygen contents in the alcohol. CO emission of alcohol blend on the other hand had lower emission at higher engine speed compared to mineral diesel. As engine speed is increased, NOx emission of mineral diesel and D90E10 had decreased gradually. However, D90BU10 had increased of NOx emission at lower to medium engine speed, than gradually decreased at higher engine speed.